ALBERT

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): S.Z. Abbas, W.A. Khan, S. Kadry, M. Ijaz Khan, M. Waqas, M. Imran Khan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Background:〈/strong〉 In this research communication, entropy optimized Darcy-Forchheimer flow with magnetohydrodynamic over a stretched surface is considered. Here Molybdenum disulfide (MOS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) and Silicon dioxide (SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) are taken as a nanoparticles and Propylene glycol as a continuous phase liquid. Electrically conducting fluid is considered and flow is generated via stretched surface of sheet. The total entropy rate which is depends on four types of irreversibilities i.e., heat transfer, porosity, fluid friction and dissipation) is calculated via second law of thermodynamics. The energy expression is mathematically modeled and discussed subject to heat generation/absorption, dissipation, thermal radiation and Joule heating. Furthermore, temperature dependent viscosity is accounted.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Method:〈/strong〉 The nonlinear PDE’s (partial differential equations) are first changed to ODE’s (ordinary differential equations) through implementation of appropriate similarity variables (transformations). The numerical results of ordinary ones are computed via Built-In-Shooting method. The results for the flow field, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and entropy generation are discussed against various sundry flow parameters graphically.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Results:〈/strong〉 Salient characteristics of sundry flow parameters on the entropy generation rate, velocity, Bejan number, gradients of velocity, gradient of temperature and temperature are examined and display graphically. The results are computed for both nanoparticles. From obtained results it is observed that temperature field increases versus higher thermal Biot number for both nanoparticles. It is also observed that the thermal field is more in presence of Molybdenum disulfide as compared to Silicon dioxide, because the thermal conductivity of Molybdenum disulfide is higher than Silicon dioxide. Entropy generation and Bejan number show contrast impact versus higher estimations of Brinkman number versus both nanoparticles.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): S.Z. Abbas, M. Ijaz Khan, S. Kadry, W.A. Khan, M. Israr-Ur-Rehman, M. Waqas〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hydromagnetic second order velocity slip flow of viscous material with nonlinear mixed convection towards a stretched rotating disk is numerically examined here. Important slip mechanism of Buongiorno’s nanofluid model i.e., Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion is incorporated in the mathematical modeling. Heat transport aspects are examined via Joule heating, thermal radiation and dissipation. Convective conditions at the stretchable surface of disk is implemented for the heat transport analysis. Chemical reaction subject to activation energy is also considered. Through appropriate transformations and shooting method the outcomes are computed and demonstrated graphically. The flow field, temperature, surface drag force, concentration and Nusselt number are deliberated subject to pertinent parameters. Total entropy rate is obtained. The outcomes show that magnetic field significantly affects the flow field as well as entropy rate.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Abdul Hafeez, Masood Khan, Jawad Ahmed〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Background:〈/strong〉 Nanofluids are known for better heat transfer characteristics in many heat exchanger devices due to their enhanced heat transfer abilities. Recently, scientists give the idea of nanofluid which is the mixture of base fluid and solid nanoparticles having very small size. For physical phenomenon of conventional fluids by mean of suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids and prompted produce a new composite known as ”nanofluids”. These composite contain the nanoparticles with 1-100 nm size which are suspended in the base fluids. Here we have considered a subclass of non-Newtonian fluid called Oldroyd-B fluid. The fluid motion over the disk surface is produced due to the rotation as well as radially stretching of disk. Further, the impact of non-linear thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption is introduced to visualize the heat transfer behavior. The convective boundary is also taken into consideration in order to investigate the fluid thermal characteristics. The novel features of thermophoresis and Brownian motion during the nanoparticles movement in fluid motion are studied with revised Buongiorno model. The physical problem is modeled with the concept of classical Fourier’s and Fick’s laws. The von Karman variables are used to convert the partial differential equations (PDEs) into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs).〈/p〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Method:〈/strong〉 The system of governing ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with boundary conditions (BCs) are highly non-linear in nature. To handle these non-linear ODEs, we use a numerical technique called BVP Midrich scheme which uses the midpoint method to acquire the numerical solution of the governing problem. The solutions of the governing problem are obtained by utilizing Maple software.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Results:〈/strong〉 Effect of different involved controlling parameters on the velocities, temperature and concentration distributions are analyzed graphically. Additionally, the numerical data for local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also tabulated. The reduction in heat transfer rate at the wall is noticed against thermoporesis and Brownian motion parameters, respectively. The concentration gradient at the wall reduces with an increment in mass transfer parameter.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daniel E. Hewitt, Timothy M. Smith, Vincent Raoult, Matthew D. Taylor, Troy F. Gaston〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Estuaries represent highly important nursery habitats for a range of species, with refuge and nutrition being two key benefits derived from estuaries. Quantifying these benefits provides us with a means for enhancing fisheries productivity. 〈em〉Metapenaeus macleayi〈/em〉 (School Prawn) and 〈em〉Penaeus plebejus〈/em〉 (Eastern King Prawn) are two commercially and recreationally important species in New South Wales that utilise estuarine nurseries throughout their life history. In this study, stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur were used to determine the proportional contribution of primary producers to prawn nutrition in Brisbane Water (NSW). Both the saltmarsh grass 〈em〉Sporobolus virginicus〈/em〉 and seagrass 〈em〉Zostera muelleri〈/em〉 were found to support a high trophic contribution to prawns (up to 53% and 40%, respectively). The contributions of other primary producers such as mangroves, fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) and C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 saltmarsh plants were generally found to be much lower (0.7–15%). Such findings are generally consistent with patterns observed in other south-east Australian estuaries, however such a dominant role of saltmarsh in the presence of seagrass is a novel finding. These results highlight linkages between habitats of conservation concern and highly valuable fisheries species, and the benefit of using sulfur as an additional marker in Bayesian mixing models examining mixing in estuary food webs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 27 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lanli Guo, Yongsheng Wu, Charles G. Hannah, Brian Petrie, David Greenberg, Haibo Niu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The dynamics of M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and K〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 ocean tides in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) have been investigated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, which uses an unstructured mesh with a horizontal resolution ranging from 0.5 km in narrow channels to 10–40 km in the open ocean. The model is evaluated against observed tidal elevations and tidal currents, and the evaluation indicates that the model is able to reproduce the observations at the tidal gauge sites, particularly those in the narrow straits of the CAA. In order to examine the interactions between the Arctic and the Atlantic tides in the CAA, idealized experiments were conducted by considering tidal effects through the open boundary on the Arctic and the Atlantic sides separately. The results show that the Atlantic tide is strong throughout the CAA but deceases rapidly when it encounters the open Arctic shelf for both M〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and K〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 tides; on the other hand, the Arctic tide is mainly confined to the Arctic Ocean and Amundsen Gulf; it has a minor influence in the Baffin Bay. Nonlinear interactions between the Arctic and Atlantic tides are generally weak except local areas in the southern and northern CAA, where the nonlinear contribution is able to reach 10–20% of the tidal variability. Using the model results, the tidal energy flux was also analyzed, and the analysis indicated that the Lancaster Sound and Jones Sound are main pathways of the tidal energy from the Baffin Bay to the CAA, and the energy is dissipated due mainly to the vertical diffusion and the bottom friction.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wei Zhong, Longhai Zhu, Ping Dong, Rijun Hu, Jianzheng Wu, Yingtao Zhu, Haiqin Duan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper investigates sediment trapping in coastal embayments during summer seasons based on observation data obtained from two instrumented tripods that were placed at the mouth of Weihai Bay on north coast of Shandong Peninsula, China, over a 15-day period between 5 and August 20, 2018. The data consisted of time series of water depths, current profiles, wave parameters, near-bed flow velocities, turbidity, water salinity and temperature. Distributions of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and water temperature in the bay and adjacent sea areas were also investigated at 87 grid stations from July 31 to August 4, 2018. From these data the bed shear stresses, residual currents and suspended sediment fluxes (SSF) were calculated. The results indicated that the variability in the SSC at the northern mouth was mainly controlled by local sediment resuspension while at the southern mouth horizontal advection due to the SSC gradient was the dominant mechanism. To identify the main drivers of the sediment transport, the SSF was analyzed using the decomposition method. The seaward advective transport due to residual flow and landward tidal pumping effect dominated the total near-bed sediment transport at the northern and southern mouths, respectively. Therefore, trapping processes occurred mainly through the southern mouth. The suspended sediment fluxes (SSF) during neap and spring tides at the southern mouth were 0.053 and 0.321 g m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively, while during moderate wave conditions (H〈sub〉s〈/sub〉 〉 0.8 m), the SSF was two times larger than the spring tide. In summer, the fine-grained sediments trapped in the bay were mainly derived from resuspension off the eastern tip of the Shandong Peninsula and thus is indirectly from the Yellow River. During such sediment transport and trapping processes, upwelling and winds can also play important roles.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): F. Sedano, C. Navarro-Barranco, J.M. Guerra-García, F. Espinosa〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ocean sprawl is leading to the introduction of multiple artificial structures into the marine environment. However, the biota on these novel habitats differ from that on natural hard substrates. Amphipods, despite their ecological importance, are usually overlooked when comparing benthic assemblages on artificial and natural hard substrates. So as to assess the effects of artificial structures on amphipod assemblage and to identify the main factors involved, the amphipod assemblage structure was studied in five different substrates (seawalls, cubes, acropods, rip-raps and natural rock). Abiotic measurements of each substrate (complexity, rock composition, and age) were related to the ecological patterns. Complexity measurements seemed to affect the amphipod community structure, highlighting the need to consider physical complexity in eco-engineering actions. Amphipod assemblages were also affected by the secondary substrate (sessile biota), suggesting that artificial structures are indirectly shaping amphipod assemblages by firstly shaping the sessile biota. Future research should study the same secondary substrates across different artificial structures to separate the direct effects (caused by the artificial structures) from the indirect effects (caused by the sessile biota).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0272771419310790-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 26 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shiwei Zhou, Jingjing Wu, Xiaoli Bi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Woody plant encroachment into grasslands is a worldwide phenomenon. Still, there is a research gap in quantifying the ecological processes of coastal wetland ecosystems. Here, we combined soil stable isotope technology with geostatistical methods to quantify the spatial characteristics of soil δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C and δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N in a coastal wetland experiencing native shrub 〈em〉Tamarix chinensis〈/em〉 encroachment in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China, and to clarify the possible mechanisms by which shrub-induced successional processes determined the spatial distribution of soil δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C and δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N. The results showed that soil δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C and δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N significantly decreased from bare land to grass and to shrub at the vegetation type level. Pearson correlation showed that soil δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C and δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N were positively related to soil salinity, but negatively related to plant variables (grass cover, shrub crown width and above-ground biomass). Scaling method indicated that soil δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C variation occurred at two different scales, 40 m and 150 m, representing influences of shrub 〈em〉T. chinensis〈/em〉 and environmental heterogeneity, respectively. Soil δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N variation was observed to occur at the 75 m scale, suggesting the combination effect of 〈em〉T. chinensis〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Suaeda glauca〈/em〉-dominated grass species. Furthermore, other soil and plant variables also exhibited two-scale characteristics similar to soil δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C. Therefore, the vegetation succession processes of coastal wetlands experiencing shrub encroachment could be understood well by combining soil stable isotope with GIS spatial tools. The spatial characteristics of soil stable isotopes help us establish strategies for protecting and managing coastal wetlands.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ying-Yu Tang, Qiu-Ning Liu, Cheng Wang, Ting-Ting Yang, Bo-Ping Tang, Chun-Lin Zhou, Li-Shang Dai〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Procambarus clarkii〈/em〉 is one of the most important aquatic invertebrates in China and has high commercial value. However, aquaculture has suffered great economic loss due to outbreaks of infectious diseases in 〈em〉P〈/em〉. 〈em〉clarkii〈/em〉. To identify red swamp crayfish related proteins involved in the response to bacterial infection, we analysed immune-related proteins following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation by quantitative proteomics. The proteome of the hepatopancreas of 〈em〉P〈/em〉. 〈em〉clarkii〈/em〉 challenged with LPS and phosphate-buffered saline was analysed to evaluate the immune response. Based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, 16 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins were identified. A Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated 5 biological process, 11 cellular component, and 6 molecular function subcategories. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the identified proteins were mainly involved in metabolism, phagosome, and ribosome. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that eight immune-related genes were upregulated after LPS stimulation compared to the control. Taken together, the data enhance our understanding of the immune response of crayfish to LPS.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Woo Kyung Moon, Yan-Wei Lee, Hao-Hsiang Ke, Su Hyun Lee, Chiun-Sheng Huang, Ruey-Feng Chang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Breast ultrasound and computer aided diagnosis (CAD) has been used to classify tumors into benignancy or malignancy. However, conventional CAD software has some problems (such as handcrafted features are hard to design; conventional CAD systems are difficult to confirm overfitting problems, etc.). In our study, we propose a CAD system for tumor diagnosis using an image fusion method combined with different image content representations and ensemble different CNN architectures on US images. The CNN-based method proposed in this study includes VGGNet, ResNet, and DenseNet. In our private dataset, there was a total of 1687 tumors that including 953 benign and 734 malignant tumors. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score and the AUC of the proposed method were 91.10%, 85.14%, 95.77%, 94.03%, 89.36%, and 0.9697 respectively. 〈strong〉In the open dataset (BUSI), there was a total of 697 tumors that including 437 benign lesions, 210 malignant tumors, and 133 normal images.〈/strong〉 The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, and the AUC of the proposed method were 94.62%, 92.31%, 95.60%, 90%, 91.14%, and 0.9711. In conclusion, the results indicated different image content representations that affect the prediction performance of the CAD system, more image information improves the prediction performance, and the tumor shape feature can improve the diagnostic effect.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Almir Nunes, Magnus Larson, Carlos Ruberto Fragoso〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the present study, a morphological model based on the main governing processes of inlet channels was developed for application in long-term simulations, requiring minimum data on forcing and only key information on the inlet geometry. The model considers the balance between the inlet sand transport due to tides and river flows and the longshore transport due to breaking waves. The resulting equations were numerically implemented and validated first through schematic simulations and then through an application to a real inlet. For the schematic simulations, the sediment transport rates in the inlet and alongshore were maintained constant and the behavior during evolution towards equilibrium was investigated and qualitatively assessed. Then, the model was applied to Mundaú Lagoon inlet (Brazil), a natural inlet sheltered by reefs and with a marked seasonality in river runoff. Thus, the model performance was validated for a complex setting over time scales of decades through comparisons with the observed inlet evolution determined from satellite images. The calculated results of inlet channel morphological evolution exhibited satisfactory agreement with observations. The computational efforts were low making the model suitable for long-term simulations where many alternative scenarios may be explored in a probabilistic manner. In conclusion, the developed model yielded robust and reliable simulation results having the potential for use in the assessment of long-term inlet channel evolution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 98〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mahmoud A.O. Dawood, Safaa E. Abdo, Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Eman M. Moustafa, Moustafa S. SaadAllah, Marwa F. AbdEl-kader, Awatef H. Hamouda, Amira A. Omar, Rasha A. Alwakeel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The protective role of β-glucan (BG) on liver function, histopathology, immune and antioxidant related gene expressions in Nile tilapia exposed to subacute deltamethrin (DLM) was investigated for 30 days. Fish (28.18 ± 1.34 g) of the 1st and 2nd groups fed the control diet, while the 3rd and 4th groups fed BG at 0.5 g/kg and the 2nd and 4th groups were exposed to DLM (15 μg/L) in rearing water. DLM-treated fish displayed a considerable increase in blood biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea and bilirubin) as well as hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST and ALT) (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). Blood total protein, globulin, albumin, WBCs, RBCs, Hb, phagocytic index, phagocytic and lysozyme activities were significantly decreased in fish subjected to DLM (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). Fish fed BG showed significantly the lowest cortisol and glucose levels, while fish exposed to DLM without feeding BG showed the highest cortisol and glucose levels (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05) after 15 and 30 days. Additionally, DLM toxicity caused downregulation in antioxidant (〈em〉CAT〈/em〉 and 〈em〉GPx〈/em〉) and immune (〈em〉IL-1β〈/em〉 and 〈em〉IL-8〈/em〉) related gene expressions, while and 〈em〉IFN-γ〈/em〉, 〈em〉HSP70〈/em〉 and 〈em〉CASP3〈/em〉 were upregulated. The histopathological examination of Nile tilapia exposed to DLM revealed damage in gills, intestine, spleen and liver which confirmed the toxic effects. Conversely, BG presented protective effects and restored the above-mentioned parameters when fish exposed to DLM and fed BG. Thus, BG supplementation exhibited defensive effects against DLM toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving blood biochemical responses, immune, and antioxidant related gene expressions as well as histopathological effects.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gang Sun, Xiaoyan Liu, Junhui Gong, Ling Gao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Background and objectives〈/h6〉 〈p〉Fluorescein angiography (FA) is widely used in ophthalmology for examining retinal hemodynamics and vascular morphology. Artery-venous classification is an important step in FA image processing for measurement of feature parameters, such as arterio-venous passage time (AVP) and arterio-venous width ratio (AVR) that are proven useful in clinical assessment of circulation disturbance and vessel abnormalities. However, manual artery-venous classification needs expertise and is rather time consuming, and little effort has been devoted to develop automatic classification methods. In order to solve this problem, we propose a novel artery-venous classification method using region growing strategy with sequential and structural features (RGSS).〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Methods〈/h6〉 〈p〉The main procedures of our proposed RGSS method include: (i) registration of FA image sequence by mutual-information method; (ii) extraction of sequential features of the dye perfusion process from the registrated FA images; (iii) extraction of vessel structural features from vascular centerline map; (iv) based on the obtained features, seeds of arteries and veins within initial growing region (here optic disk) are generated and then propagated in the entire vessel network using region growing strategy. The RGSS method was tested on our own dataset and public Duke dataset, and its performance was evaluated quantitatively.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Results〈/h6〉 〈p〉Tests show that RGSS method is able to classify arteries and veins from the complicated vessel network in FA images, with high classification accuracy of 0.91±0.04 on Duke dataset and 0.92±0.03 on our dataset. The employed sequential and structural features are demonstrated to be effective in classifying thin arteries and veins at vessel crossings.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Conclusions〈/h6〉 〈p〉Automatic artery-venous classification can be accomplished using our proposed RGSS method with high accuracy. The RGSS method not only emancipates ophthalmologists from hard work of manual marking of arteries and veins, but also helps in measuring important parameters (such as AVP and AVR) for clinical assessment of circulation disturbance and vessel abnormalities.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mohammed A. Al-masni, Dong-Hyun Kim, Tae-Seong Kim〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Background and objective〈/h6〉 〈p〉: Computer automated diagnosis of various skin lesions through medical dermoscopy images remains a challenging task.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Methods〈/h6〉 〈p〉: In this work, we propose an integrated diagnostic framework that combines a skin lesion boundary segmentation stage and a multiple skin lesions classification stage. Firstly, we segment the skin lesion boundaries from the entire dermoscopy images using deep learning full resolution convolutional network (FrCN). Then, a convolutional neural network classifier (i.e., Inception-v3, ResNet-50, Inception-ResNet-v2, and DenseNet-201) is applied on the segmented skin lesions for classification. The former stage is a critical prerequisite step for skin lesion diagnosis since it extracts prominent features of various types of skin lesions. A promising classifier is selected by testing well-established classification convolutional neural networks. The proposed integrated deep learning model has been evaluated using three independent datasets (i.e., International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2016, 2017, and 2018, which contain two, three, and seven types of skin lesions, respectively) with proper balancing, segmentation, and augmentation.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Results〈/h6〉 〈p〉: In the integrated diagnostic system, segmented lesions improve the classification performance of Inception-ResNet-v2 by 2.72% and 4.71% in terms of the F1-score for benign and malignant cases of the ISIC 2016 test dataset, respectively. The classifiers of Inception-v3, ResNet-50, Inception-ResNet-v2, and DenseNet-201 exhibit their capability with overall weighted prediction accuracies of 77.04%, 79.95%, 81.79%, and 81.27% for two classes of ISIC 2016, 81.29%, 81.57%, 81.34%, and 73.44% for three classes of ISIC 2017, and 88.05%, 89.28%, 87.74%, and 88.70% for seven classes of ISIC 2018, respectively, demonstrating the superior performance of ResNet-50.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈div〉 〈h6〉Conclusions〈/h6〉 〈p〉: The proposed integrated diagnostic networks could be used to support and aid dermatologists for further improvement in skin cancer diagnosis.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0169260719321698-fx1.jpg" width="301" alt="Image, graphical abstract" title="Image, graphical abstract"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): W.A. Khan, M. Waqas, S. Kadry, Z. Asghar, S.Z. Abbas, M. Irfan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Background and objective〈/strong〉〈/p〉 〈p〉The scrutiny of nonlinear convected flow aspect has continuously appealed researchers attention because of its ample demands in processes like heat exchangers, building insulation, crystal growth, insulation of nuclear reactor, food processing, solar energy and electronic element chilling etc. Taking into consideration the aforesaid utilizations, we modeled differential type (second-grade) nanoliquid considering non-linear mixed convection. The considered differential type nonlinear model elaborates viscoelasticity (elastic and viscous) characteristics. Furthermore the thermal systems emphases on transportation of heat and irreversibility reduction. Especially, evaluating the systems via thermodynamic second relation is essential with the purpose of finding a standard communication between power input prerequisite and heat transference augmentation.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Method〈/strong〉〈/p〉 〈p〉Formulated non-dimensional problem is non-linear subject to the assumptions (i.e., Non-linear mixed convection, magnetic field, viscous dissipation, double stratification, Joule heating and convective conditions). Analytic simulations for modeled non-linear systems is not possible. Hence we considered bvp4c scheme for non-linear analysis.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈strong〉Conclusions〈/strong〉〈/p〉 〈p〉Velocity 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉(〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mi〉f〈/mi〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈mo〉′〈/mo〉〈/msup〉〈/msup〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉(〈/mo〉〈mi〉η〈/mi〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 of second grade (non-Newtonian) fluid intensifies for larger estimations of 〈em〉R〈/em〉* and 〈em〉λ〈/em〉* whereas it dwindles for 〈em〉M〈/em〉. Temperature of nanoliquid deteriorates with 〈em〉S〈/em〉〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 while (〈em〉θ〈/em〉(〈em〉η〈/em〉)) rises against 〈em〉Ec〈/em〉. Entropy generation (EG) and (BN) (Bejan number) significantly affected by physical parameters 〈em〉M, α〈/em〉〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and 〈em〉Br〈/em〉.〈/p〉 〈/div〉