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  • Articles  (24)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (24)
  • 74.60.Ge  (24)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (24)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1999  (2)
  • 1996  (22)
  • Physics  (24)
  • Sociology
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 74.25.Fy ; 74.20.De
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The c-axis resistivity,ϱ c (T, H, θ), of La1.86Sr0.14CuO4 is experimentally studied as a function of temperatureT, magnetic fieldH and angleθ betweenH andab-plane. It is argued that the experimental findings cannot be accounted for by previously considered mechanisms. By contrast; they can be explained by a phenomenological model, which is developed by replacingH in the dissipation model forH‖I‖c with the reduced fieldh = H (sin2 θ + cos2θ/γ2 1/2, where γ is the anisotropic parameter in magnetic fields. Based on this phenomenological model, it is shown that all the measuredϱ c (T, H, θ) curves could consistently map onto a single curve.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 03.40.Gc ; 47.37.+q ; 67.40.Vs ; 74.60.Ge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Poisson brackets for the Hamiltonian dynamics of vortices are discussed for 3 regimes, in which the dissipation can be neglected and the vortex dynamics is reversible: (i) The superclean regime, in which the spectral flow is suppressed. (ii) The regime in which the fermions are pinned by the crystal lattice. This includes the regime of extreme spectral flow of fermions in the vortex core: these fermions are effectively pinned by the normal component. (iii) The case when the vortices are strongly pinned by the normal component. All these limits are described by the single parameter C 0, the physical meaning of which is discussed for superconductors containing several bands of electrons and holes. The effect of the topology of the Fermi surface on the vortex dynamics is also discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.80.Bj ; 74.60.Ge ; 75.20.−g
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The trapped flux distribution in thin wafers of both polycrystalline and granular superconductors having large demagnetization and edge barriers of different heights is measured by means of polarized neutrons. It is shown that the nature of the critical state in polycrystalline wafers, unlike that in a ceramic wafer, is not described by the Bean model.
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  • 4
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    JETP letters 70 (1999), S. 609-614 
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.20.Mn ; 74.60.Ge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy levels of fermions bound to the vortex core are considered for the general case of chiral superconductors. There are two classes of chiral superconductivity: in the class I superconducting state the axisymmetric singly quantized vortex has the same energy spectrum of bound states as in an s-wave superconductor: E=(n+1/2)ω0, with integral n. In class II the corresponding spectrum is E=nω0 and thus contains a state with exactly zero energy. The effect of a single impurity on the spectrum of bound states is also considered. For class I the spectrum acquires the doubled period ΔE=2ω0 and consists of two equidistant sets of levels, in accordance with A. I. Larkin and Yu. N. Ovchinnikov, Phys. Rev. B 57, 5457 (1998). For the class II states the spectrum is not influenced by a single impurity if the same approximation is applied.
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  • 5
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 515-520 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ec ; 74.25.Ha ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.62.Bf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME), recently observed in high-Tc materials and also in Nb, can be succesfully explained by the persistence of the giant vortex state with the fixed orbital quantum number L. This state is formed in superconductors in the field cooled regime at the third critical field. The self-consistent numerical solution of the Ginzburg-Landau equations clearly shows that the compression of the flux trapped inside the giant vortex state results in the PME. The PME is suppressed, and the normal diamagnetic response is recovered, by increasing the applied field.
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  • 6
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 999-1004 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.−w ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.30.Ci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The four-CuO2-layer TlBa2Ca3Cu4O11−δ compound has a high superconducting transition temperature of 128 K and strong interlayer coupling. We have performed magnetic experiments on single crystals of TlBa2Ca3Cu4O11−δ, which include hysteresis loop, irreversibility line and time relaxation measurements. From these measurements, we observed the large critical current density, high irreversibility line and strongly temperature dependent flux creep rate in the TlBa2Ca3Cu4O11-gd single crystals.
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  • 7
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1733-1738 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 74.70.Kn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Local magnetization measurements using micro Hall probes were carried out on a quasi two-dimensional organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2. Peak structures in the local magnetization hysteresis loops were found at around 50 G. We ascribe this anomaly to the field-induced decomposition of vortex lines into pancake vortices, which is found in a high temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y. Mixed state phase diagram in κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 is compared with that in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 72.15.Lh ; 74.72.−h ; 72.15.Gd ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The “washboard frequency” ω of the moving vortex lattice in untwinned YBa2 Cu3 O6.93 may be observed through mode-locking to an externally applied ac current of frequency ωext. The interference between ω and ωext results in jumps in the dc current-voltage characteristics when ω and ωext are harmonically related1. The interference effect disappears in the vortex liquid state. The Hall conductivity σxy below Tc in YBCO contains contributions2 from a positive quasiparticle (qp) term (∼H) and a negative vortex term (∼1/H). The qp term is surprisingly large well below Tc and implies a large gap anisotropy and a long qp mean free path (mfp). The thermal Hall effect3 κxy is closely related to the qp σxy; κxy is produced by asymmetric scattering of qp by pinned vortices. The qp mfp at H = 0, extracted from σxy and extended to low T by κxy, increases remarkably from 90 Å at Tc to more than 0.5μm at 22 K.
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  • 9
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1697-1702 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.70.Kn ; 74.25.Ha ; 74.60.Ge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A magneto-oscillation of the susceptibility was observed in the organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br under magnetic field applied parallel to the two-dimensional plane. The oscillation is understood in terms of the successive transition of Josephson vortex ordering.
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  • 10
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1219-1224 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.40.+k ; 74.50.+r ; 74.60.Ge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The magnetic field dependent c-axis dissipation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y single crystals is shown to agree with that of a series stack of Josephson tunnel junctions. We extract the Josephson coupling energy Ej from the measured the c-axis resistance as a function of the angle θ between the c-axis and the magnetic field B using an extended Ambegaokar-Halperin model. For B 〉 0.5T, Ej increases continuously with both decreasing temperature and decreasing magnetic field. At T = 78K, Ej exhibits a B−0.5 behavior.
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  • 11
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1319-1324 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.80.Dm ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.50.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract YBa2Cu3O7−δ/(Y1−xPrx)Ba2Cu3O7−δ multilayers have been used to probe coupling through (Y1−x:Prx)Ba2Cu3O7−δ alloys. We observe that the coupling between ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7−δ layers, 12 or 24 Å thick, survives through several hundred Å of (Y1−xPrx)Ba2Cu3O7−δ with x=0.4 and 0.55. Tc versus the thickness of the spacer-alloy, and activation energies for flux motion, with fields parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis, have been used to probe this long range coupling. All these experiments point to an unusually large coupling length for these two alloy compositions. In the x=0.55 case this result is particularly surprising since the alloy material display a semiconducting behaviour for this composition. Tc measurements, activation energies, and a study of the vortex dynamics in these coupled multilayers is presented along with new results obtained on a series of multilayers built with a more insulating alloy, x=0.7.
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  • 12
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 509-514 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ec ; 74.25.Ha ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.62.Bf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME), in which the field-cooled-magnetization (FCM) of superconducting samples is positive below the superconducting transition temperature Tc, has been observed in certain ceramic and single-crystal samples of the high-Tc cuprate superconductors and more recently in disk-shaped Nb samples. Through systematic investigations of the conditions for observing the PME in Nb disks, various surface treatments to the Nb disks were found to change both the zero-field-cooled-magnetization (ZFCM) and the FCM, including the appearance of a positive FCM in samples previously not exhibiting the PME as well as the elimination of the PME through surface abrasion. These results suggest that the PME arises from the field distributions created by the flux pinning associated with microstructural defects on the surface layer of the disk.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 61.80Jh ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.76.Bz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isothermal current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of c-axis orientedYBa 2 CU 3 O 7−δ films taken in different external magnetic fields μoH, exhibit voltage jumps at a well defined current density J*(T, H) pointing to a specific instability of the vortex system. Interpreted as Larkin- Ovchinnikov (LO)-instability, this behavior allows to extract the inelastic scattering time Tin of quasiparticles. In the present work, the LO-analysis is applied to study the effect of additional defects on Tin. For this purpose,YBa 2 CU 3 O 7−δ films were irradiated at 77K with increasing fluences Φ of 350 ke V He+ ions. The I-V characteristics were determined in the temperature range 45K 〈 T 〈 80K and in magnetic fields up to 5 Tesla. While J* as well as the superconducting transition temperature Tc are significantly decreased by the ion bombardment, the critical vortex velocity as deduced from LO-theory is much less affected. If the temperature dependence of the extracted scattering times Γin is rescaled by plotting versus the reduced temperature t = T/Tc(Φ), the results for all ion fluences fall on one common curve within the error bars. This leads to the conclusion that a universal quasiparticle density nN(t) dominates the scattering rate 1/Tin.
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  • 14
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1189-1194 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ec ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Hs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the temperature dependence of the ab-plane resistivity on Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals with high sensitivity. A clear resistivity drop was observed when a relatively low magnetic field was applied, which is attributed to the melting transition of the flux line lattice. Three crystals with different carrier doping level were investigated and the phase diagrams are determined from the resistivity measurements. It is also shown that the phase transition temperature depends strongly on the angle between the magnetic field and the crystallographic c-axis direction, reflecting the large anisotropy of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy.
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  • 15
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1099-1104 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Bt ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High resolution adiabatic specific heat experiments on YBa2Cu3O7−δ (0≤δ≤0.05) are performed in magnetic fields from 0 to 14 T (B∥c and B⊥c). In a 0.3 gram, twinned crystal with strong pinning, a step is consistently observed at the melting temperature Tm of the vortex solid up to a critical point that depends on δ. The field Bm and step temperature Tm obey the relation Bm=Bmo(δ)(1−Tm/Tc)≈4/3. The anisotropy of Bm and that of the upper critical field Bc2 are found to be equal. Alternatively, in a 18 mg, twinned crystal of high purity with low pinning, first-order-like specific heat peaks are observed on the melting line from 8 to 14 T. The entropy under these peaks is ≈0.5 kB /vortex/bilayer. These characteristic features are attributed to the melting of a vortex glass in the former case and that of a vortex lattice in the latter case.
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  • 16
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1715-1720 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Nf ; 74.70.Kn ; 74.60.Ge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cavity perturbation technique is used to measure the magnetic-field dependence of surface impedance at 24 and 41 GHz in superconducting κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 single crystals. A peak structure in the surface resistance Rs(H) is observed (1) below Tc, (2) when microwave electric field is perpendicular to the superconducting layer, and (3) at higher magnetic field for the lower measurement frequency (anticyclotronic behavior). These observations are identified as the Josephson plasma mode. The peak field increases as the temperature is lowered even below the irreversibility line in contrast to the case of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y.
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  • 17
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1739-1744 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.70.Kn ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.25.Fy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hall effect measurements in the vortex state of the quasi two-dimensional (Q2D) organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 are reported. The sign of the Hall conductivity changes with field and temperature in the vortex state. The Hall conductivity is described as the sum of the two terms resulting from the quasiparticle (∝ H) and the vortex motion (∝ 1/H). The sign of the latter term depends on the current direction in Q2D plane. The behavior can be explained by the anisotropic motion of the charged vortex in the anisotropic Q2D plane.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Real part of the ac susceptibility X′1 of an untwinned YBa2 Cu3O7 single crystal jumps at the onset temperature in the narrow width (0.1 K in 0.7 T), suggesting the first-order melting transition. A sharp X′1 dip and a sharp X″ peak can be interpreted as synchronous trapping of vortices due to lattice softening prior to melting. At lower temperatures, the X′1-X″1 chart shows a single-parameter behavior while the melting occurs as a strong deviation from this.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Fy ; 74.40.+k ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pinning by point-like defects and twin boundaries in single-crystalline YBa2Cu3O7−δ has been investigated by measuring resistance and current-voltage characteristics in fields up to 5 T. A number of untwinned and twinned samples with different densities of point-like defects were studied. The experimental results are compared within the framework of vortex-entanglement.
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  • 20
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1207-1212 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Fc ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.60.Jg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The magnetisation behaviour M(H °) of ideal and non-ideal Type II superconductors in disc-geometry and in perpendicular applied field H ° is obtained by numerical calculation and is compared with experiment on niobium and BSCCO single crystal specimens.
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  • 21
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1201-1206 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.30.Ci ; 74.60.Ge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The second peak effect in magnetization curves for overdoped (La1−xSrx)CuO4−δ single crystals was examined by means of systematic variations of Sr content x and oxygen deficiency δ. Oxygen defect concentration was found to sensitively affect the critical temperature Tc and the macroscopic pinning force Fp, resulting in significant changes in magnetization hysteresis loops. Observations of δ dependence of ΔM and Fp at the same reduced temperature T/Tc yielded an insight into the role of oxygen defects: increasing δ results in increasing the pinning center density N. The second peak field B2pk seemed to be determined by the development of a percolating network of magnetically reversible regions from the observation that the temperature dependence of B2pk showed similar behavior to the irreversibility field Birr.
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  • 22
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1011-1016 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Hs ; 74.25.Ha
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Local magnetization (Bl-Ha) as a function of magnetic field (Ha) was measured by using micro Hall probes in high quality Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y .
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  • 23
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    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1129-1134 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 71.20.−b ; 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) measurements have been carried out on the high Tc superconductor (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO). Using very high quality single crystals as well as hard tips, we obtained differential conductance spectra which showed various conductance features in agreement with other spectroscopic techniques. The reproducibility of our spectra allowed us to map for the first time the vortex lattice on a HTS using a STS technique1. The vortices are arranged in a short range order oblique lattice, while the cores of the flux lines show an anisotropic shape. These observations can be related to the in-plane anisotropy of YBCO.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Fy ; 74.40.+k ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Magnetotransport measurements on a clean, untwinned YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal show that the vortex dynamics at temperatures just below the vortex lattice melting transition are highly dependent on the type of modulation of the probing current. While in the case of DC current the flux flow is disordered, the “shaking” of the vortex lattice by a square-wave current leads to a more uniform vortex motion. A small asymmetry (∼10%) in the durations of the positive and negative parts of the square-wave period induces periodical oscillations of the voltage response amplitude. The period of oscillations (∼100 s) is the same order of magnitude as the time needed for vortices to cross the sample (transit time). We relate the observed voltage oscillations to a periodically ordered vortex motion.
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