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  • Articles  (49)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (49)
  • 74.50.+r  (25)
  • 42.60  (24)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (49)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1999  (6)
  • 1996  (43)
  • Physics  (49)
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  • Articles  (49)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (49)
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (49)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral investigation of cw rf-pumped atomic Xe laser with a slab geometry (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60 ; 52.90
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A radiofrequency excited atomic Xe slab laser with an active volume of 2 × 10 × 300 mm3 using a quartz envelope containing the laser-gas mixture shows a stable cw performance with an output power of almost 1 W. The free-running system oscillates, depending on gas composition and density, on several lines between 1.73 and 3.51 μm. Line competition phenomena are observed. Single-line oscillation yields more than 500 mW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081241
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the unexcited vapour region inside a heatpipe on the observation of UV diffuse bands in 337.1 nm excitation of Na2 (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.90
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on some interesting aspects of the strong influence of the unexcited vapour zone inside a heatpipe on the observation of 366.6 and 380.0 nm UV diffuse bands of sodium. For a smaller unexcited sodium vapor zone, only the 366.6 nm band is observed, while for larger unexcited volumes, both 366.6 and 380.0 nm bands can be identified. Partial reabsorption of the 366.6 nm band leading to Stokes emission as 380.0 nm band appears most likely. Reduced power dependences observed for the 366.6 nm band, an indication of the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) nature of the emission, support this analysis. A simple kinetic for the system is discussed. The results are quite general and suggest some caution in the interpretation of the data from a number of Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) experiments currently being reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080963
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the pulse width of synchronously pumped lasers (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The pulse width of a synchronously pumped laser chiefly depends on the available cavity bandwidth and the pump-pulse duration. A functional form of this dependence was suggested in the literature. We present an alternate relation which is supported by analytical and numerical results, as well as by experimental results, obtained by us and by others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081199
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic study of gated saturable absorbers (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The capability of gated saturable absorbers for single-pulse selection is studied theoretically using the classical space-time-dependent rate-equation model. The dynamics of operation is followed experimentally by the well-known pump—probe technique. Comparing the theoretical and experimental results, it is found that gated saturable absorbers can efficiently be used for pulse forming and pulse selection of pulses longer than picosecond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081200
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-order Zeeman effect of theX−B transition in molecular iodine (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 07.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Saturated absorption spectroscopy was applied to study the line shape of the molecular iodineX(ν″ = 0,J″ = 13,15) →B(ν′ = 43,J′ = 12, 16) transition (λ = 514.5 nm) in a transversal magnetic field as high as 0.51 T. The Zeeman structure of several hyperfine structure (hfs) components was completely resolved and a detailed study of the second-order Zeeman shift and splitting was made. The anisotropic Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) of the molecular iodine both in theB(43) (X′ = 7.3 ± 1 × 10−34 J/Oe2) and theX(0) [χ″ = (0.6 ± 1) × 10−34 J/Oe2] states as well as the isotropic MS difference [χ′0 −χ″o = (2 ± 0.2) × 10−34 J/Oe2] was measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance studies of a pulsed HF laser with a sliding discharge plasma cathode (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The plasma electrode design concept is applied for the first time to an HF laser. The discharge along the surface of a dielectric (sliding discharge) is used as a plasma cathode for the main laser discharge. The laser operates at atmospheric pressure with a gas mixture of He/SF6/C3H8. Details are presented on the efficiency of energy transfer, the dependence of laser performance on circuit parameters, gas mixture, relative energy loading and time delay between the plasma electrode and main discharges. The F atom production rate is estimated from the linear dependence of the output energy on the electric charge passed through the discharge. Output energies of 600 mJ were obtained at 1.6% efficiency from a small active discharge of 108 cm3 volume and 38 cm length, while the maximum specific input and output energies were 370 J/1 and 5.7 J/1, respectively. These values compare favourably with those reported in the literature for non-chain-reaction-type gas mixtures at 1 atm pressure and demonstrate that the plasma electrode design is a powerful scheme for developing gas-discharge lasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081197
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent thermal lensing and Kerr nonlinearity in CS2 with CO2-laser radiation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on optical limiting and z-scan in CS2 as a function of the pulse duration of 10 µm TEA CO2-laser radiation. We present a comprehensive and simple model for the shape of a laser pulse transmitted through this limiting device. For the first time, we propose the use of an optical limiting device for beam shaping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081046
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of spectral narrowing of a pulsed Ti:Sapphire laser using pulsed and CW injection seeding (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report a comparative study of a pulsed as well as continuous-wave (cw) injection seeding of a Ti:Sapphire laser pumped by aQ-switched frequency-doubled Nd3+:YAG laser for achieving narrow spectral bandwidth. The results have indicated that the Ti:Sapphire laser using either a pulsed or a cw injection seeding could achieve efficient energy extraction in a narrow spectral bandwidth. In the case of pulsed injection seeding, the injection energy required for the complete injection seeding critically depended upon the timing of the Ti:Sapphire laser with respect to the delayed onset of the slave laser. On the other hand, in the case of cw injection seeding, the spectral bandwidth of the Ti:Sapphire laser was efficiently narrowed down to approximately 0.01 cm−1 with an injection power of less than 1 mW. In both types of injection seeding, characteristics observed experimentally were compared with those obtained by a numerical simulation code based on the one-dimensional rate-equation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081247
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy in resolution of pressure and modulation broadened spectra (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical and experimental results for modulation absorption spectroscopy (with simultaneous amplitude and wavelength modulations) are given, with particular emphasis on the effects of pressure and modulation broadening. As expected, such broadening effects result in a loss of resolution of nearly overlapping lines, whether these are from one or more absorbing species. The effects of phase-sensitive detection at harmonics greater than the commonly used second are investigated. It is shown that when detection is performed at higher harmonics, one is able to counter the loss of resolution due to pressure and modulation broadening. Applications in measurements of congested spectra, and in the simultaneous measurement of more than one species, are discussed. Other general characteristics of signals obtained by using higher-harmonic detection are also discussed, together with corresponding applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833798
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuously tunable long-wavelength cw IR source for high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 7.65 ; 33.00 ; 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new widely tunable source in the infrared for use in high-resolution spectroscopy and trace-gas detection is described. This spectroscopic source is based on Difference Frequency Generation (DFG) in gallium selenide (GaSe) and is continuously tunable in the 8.8–15.0 μm wavelength region. Such a DFG source operates at room temperature which makes it a useful alternative to a lead-salt diode-laser- based detection system that requires cryogenic temperatures and numerous individual diode lasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828938
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The absorption of pulsed CO2-laser radiation by tetrafluorosilane at various wavenumbers, fluences, pulse durations, temperatures, optical path lengths and pressures of absorbing and non-absorbing gases (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.80 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The absorption of three linesP(30) (1037.4 cm−1),P(36) (1031.5 cm−1) andP(40) (1027.4cm−1) of the pulsed CO2 laser (0001–0200 transition) by SiF4 was examined at various pulse energies, pulse durations, temperatures, optical path lengths and pressures of this compound and several non-absorbing gases. In addition, the low-intensity infrared absorption spectrum of tetrafluorosilane was compared with high-intensity absorption data for all lines of the laser. The experimental dependences demonstrate nonlinear features of the absorption phenomena originating from the high power of the incident radiation and collisions of absorbing molecules with surroundings. These effects are included in the analytical formula, being an extended form of the Lambert-Beer law. which reasonably approximates all experimental data. The importance of the results obtained for understanding general features of multiphoton absorption and for revealing potential applications of SiF4 as a sensitizer for the infrared region is presented in brief.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081123
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of pump-beam quality and conversion efficiency in the Raman downward conversion (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.65 ; 78.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the full conversion of pump power to the Stokes waves in stimulated Raman scattering with a single-pass cell, unconverted pump energies have been analyzed in detail in relation to the first Stokes, second Stokes and first anti-Stokes energies. Adoption of a long focusing configuration with a high-pressure cell was found to be effective but insufficient to suppress the four-wave mixing effect, because a small amount of pump energy always remained undepleted. Comparison of the results using pump beams of various spectral and spatial mode characteristics from alexandrite and Nd:YAG lasers revealed that the spatial mode quality was the most critical parameter for full depletion of a pump pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081248
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency control of a dual-pulse-pumped dye laser by combination of external injection and intracavity self-injection of radiation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique is proposed for injection-seeding control of tunable lasers. It is based on a combination of successive external injection and intracavity self-injection of radiation when the active medium is pumped by dual-step pulses. The technique is tested both experimentally (in the case of Nd:YAG-laser-pumped pulsed dye lasers) and numerically, using a model developed by us. Full conversion of the broadband spectrum into the injected line is achieved for an output energy greater by a factor of about 50 than that managed by means of the traditional injection-seeding technique under identical conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081254
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operation of KrF and ArF tunable excimer lasers without Cassegrain optics (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A commercial tunable excimer laser consists of an oscillator-amplifier combination. The oscillator produces high-quality light that is sent to the amplifier and is distributed throughout the amplifier cavity via Cassegrain optics. We describe here two alternative approaches, a “single-pass” configuration for use with KrF and a “triple-pass” configuration with ArF, both of which do away with the Cassegrain optics. In each approach, the beam energy is the same as with Cassegrain optics. For KrF, the changes provide better locking, a higher degree of linear polarization, and a better spatial beam homogeneity, but a poorer beam divergence. For ArF, there is also better beam homogeneity, but the locking efficiency and divergence are not as good as with Cassegrain optics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080951
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive density-fluctuation measurements using wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with high-order-harmonic detection (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.60 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss experimental and theoretical results which show that when wavelength-modulation spectroscopy is used to monitor concentration fluctuations of gaseous species, greater sensitivity may be obtained if one uses high-order detection. We also show that, depending on the ambient concentration being monitored, there are regions in which the commonly used second derivative would show a negligible variation of signal magnitude with concentration fluctuations, whereas measurement with a higher harmonic would result in a much improved signal. Theoretical results for the measurements of any transition that can be described by the Voigt profile are given. The technique discussed is illustrated by presenting the results of measurements of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy of lines in the oxygenA band. Different detection harmonic orders are suitable for different ambient concentrations, and a related criterion that helps in the determination of a suitable detection harmonic order is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01080955
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high average power rotating hollow cylinder Nd : glass laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rotating hollow cylinder glass laser is one of the approaches for the generation of high average output powers scaling to kilowatt levels from solid-state laser materials. An analytical solution of the heat conduction equation is presented for a thin wall, infinitely long glass medium, with boundary conditions given by Newton's law of cooling. The theoretical result is applied to predict thermal effects of this geometry which ultimately limit the laser performance, and the design of such a laser. A flashlamp pumped rotating Nd-doped phosphate glass hollow cylinder laser has been demonstrated. An average power output of 300 W has been achieved at 3.8% slope efficiency and 2.6% overall efficiency. Our investigation shows that the development of a kilowatt average power rotating cylinder laser is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830997
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of intensities of ∼ 1019 W/cm2 by a table-top KrF laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 463-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 42.55.Mv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on the generation of intensities of 1019 W/cm−2 by focusing the output beam of a table-top hybrid dye-excimer laser system operating at 248 nm. The laser system uses a pulsed dye laser and a single, commercially available excimer gain module. Considerations and optical arrangements for the optimization of the phase-front and the beam homogeneity of ultraviolet excimer amplifiers are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828941
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vector phase conjugation in Cr4+:YAG by four-wave mixing with linearly-polarized pump beams (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 537-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We experimentally demonstrate vector phase conjugation in Cr4+:YAG saturable absorber at 1.06μm with nanosecond pulses using degenerate four-wave mixing with linearly-polarized pump beams of arbitrary strengths. The experimental results show that the phase conjugate wave produced by this method can correct depolarisation induced by a birefringent medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01828953
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diode-pumped colour-centre lasers tunable in the 1.5 µm range (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Under pumping with a 990 nm, 1 W laser diode, continuous-wave (cw) tunable laser emission in the 1.5 µm wavelength range was obtained from two different colour centres: Tl0(1) in NaCl:Tl+ and (F 2 + )H in NaCl:OH−. The results are compared to those recently obtained with a similar apparatus and Tl0(1) centres in KCl:Tl+. The highest output power (30 mW) and the broadest tuning range (1.48–1.68 µm) were achieved with (F 2 + )H centres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081041
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optodynamic analysis of direct laser writing of graduation lines (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 81.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The direct laser writing of graduation lines in Cr thin films on glass substrates has been investigated. The Nd-YAG laser and the astigmatic optical system have been used to write rectangular holes in the Cr film. The optimal writing parameters: the laser pulse energy, the Cr layer thickness and the substrate-objective distance were determined using the optoacoustic probe beam deflection method to detect the evaporation of the material. The evaporation is concluded to be the essential process in the laser writing of graduation lines. The rims formed by the surface tension gradient at the hole edges indicate that the laser writing of graduation lines is a typical two-phase removal process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01568091
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of laser-induced surface melting and oxide removal in single-crystalline Ge (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 91.60 ; 82.40 ; 42.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The process of oxide removal in crystalline Ge using a pulsed ultraviolet laser has been studied by means of real-time reflectivity measurements with nanosecond resolution. The interaction of laser radiation with a clean, oxide-free surface has been characterized and the inhomogeneous and homogeneous energy density melting thresholds of c-Ge for 193 nm radiation have been determined. The values are 180 and 370 mJ/cm2, respectively. We have demonstrated that it is possible to remove an oxide overlayer by irradiation in vacuum and to produce a surface that shows the same response to laser radiation as a smooth, oxide-free, chemically cleaned surface. Under certain specific irradiation conditions it is even possible, after removing the oxide overlayer, to produce an enhanced crystalline quality in the near-surface region compared to that obtained upon chemical cleaning as evidenced by Rutherford backscattering/channeling measurements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575081
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Machining of submicron structures on metals and semiconductors by ultrashort UV-laser pulses (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 505-508 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 81.40Z ; 81.60Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ablation of submicron structures on copper and silicon by short ultraviolet laser pulses (0.5–50 ps, 248 nm) is presented. Features like periodic line structures with a line-spacing below 400 nm, and holes with characteristic sizes well below 1 µm are produced on the sample surface by single laser shot exposure. The structures are projection printed by a Schwarzschild-objective (N.A.=0.4) in air environment. The morphology of ablation sites made with different pulse durations (0.5 ps, 5 ps, 50 ps) is discussed in terms of thermal diffusion effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01571681
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-laser-induced surface topology changes in polyimide (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 81.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Surface topology changes in polyimide induced by single UV-laser pulses with pulse durations between 140 ns and 5 μs are investigated by means of atomic force microscopy. With increasing fluence three different regimes are found: (a) real material removal (ablation), (b) swelling of the irradiated area above the level of the untreated surface (hump formation) and (c) lowering of the irradiated area below the level of the untreated surface (dent formation). A detailed description of these topology changes is given and different formation processes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567323
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-shot UV-laser ablation of polyimide with variable pulse lengths (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 87-90 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 81.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single-shot laser ablation of polyimide has been investigated with UV-Ar+-laser radiation (λ = 270-315 nm) for pulse lengths between 140 ns and 5 µs. The irradiated polymer surface was studied with respect to its morphology and ablated depth by means of atomic force microscopy. The dependence of the ablation threshold on laser pulse-length and intensity can be tentatively interpreted on the basis of a thermal process and a (thermal or non-thermal) mechanism which diminishes the activation energy for the desorption of species from the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579750
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Detection of the proximity effect in Au/YBCO bilayers at 77 K with the aid of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (1996)
    Springer
    JETP letters 63 (1996), S. 1041-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.76.Bz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristic features of the conductance of a tunneling contact, formed by a microscope tip and an Au/YBCO sandwich, are investigated with the aid of a scanning tunneling microscope. It is shown that there exist three types of dependences of the conductance of the structure on the applied voltage, which are distinguished by the position of the characteristic features on the voltage axis. It is established that this difference is due to the local characteristics of the proximity effect in gold films on a high-T c superconductor surface. It is concluded that the transmittance of the YBCO/Au boundary is spatially strongly nonuniform.
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    On the applicability of the resonance tunneling model for describing conductivity anisotropy in TmBCO single crystals (1996)
    Springer
    JETP letters 64 (1996), S. 820-825 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Ny ; 74.72.Yg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependences of the anisotropy of the resistance in two single crystals of the system TmBa2Cu3Ox with oxygen indices x=6.71 and 6.47 are analyzed from the standpoint of the applicability of Abrikosov’s theory [Physica C 253, 53 (1996)]. It is shown that the agreement between theory and experiment improves substantially if in approximating the data, besides resonance tunneling, allowance is made for the contribution of the ordinary tunneling conductivity.
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    Thermal effect in the phase-periodic conductance of disordered mesoscopic N/S structures (1996)
    Springer
    JETP letters 64 (1996), S. 839-844 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.50.+r
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report measurements of the temperature dependence of the amplitude of phase-periodic conductance oscillations in disordered (diffusive) normal metal (Ag) structures attached to a superconducting (Pb) wire at two points. The oscillation amplitude exceeds the value of e 2/h by orders of magnitude and reaches its maximum at a temperature corresponding to the Thouless energy. The results support the recent theory of Nazarov and Stoof, [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 823 (1996)], which takes into account the characteristic energy dependence of the change in the diffusion coefficient of quasiparticles in a normal conductor due to Andreev reflections. The line shape of the oscillations as a function of the superconducting phase difference is found to be extremely sensitive to the quality of N/S interfaces and shows hysteretic behavior in interferometers with specially prepared clean interfaces.
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    Superconducting phase transitions in quantum dots (1996)
    Springer
    JETP letters 64 (1996), S. 664-669 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 85.30.Vw ; 74.25Dw ; 05.70.Fh ; 74.50.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In NdN and SdS nanostructures, anomalous ground states with a non-integer average number of electrons in the quantum dots d occur. These states correspond to pair or single-electron superconductivity and are separated from states with a definite (integer) number of electrons by, as a rule, second-order phase transitions. The characteristic features of the pair and single-electron superconducting Josephson current in SdS are discussed.
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    Dissipative Josephson effect in S/N/S structure with vanishingly weak Josephson coupling (1996)
    Springer
    JETP letters 64 (1996), S. 670-676 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.50.+r
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A mesoscopic S/N/S structure is studied theoretically. It is shown that a Josephson effect can occur in the structure even if the distance between the superconductors is much larger than the correlation length ξ N(T) and the Josephson coupling is negligibly weak. This effect arises if an additional current I flows along the normal conductor.
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    Erratum: Experimental evidence for Coulomb charging effects in submicron Bi-2212 stacks [JETP Lett. 69, No. 1 84–90 (10 January 1999)] (1999)
    Springer
    JETP letters 69 (1999), S. 640-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 85.25.Cp ; 74.50.+r ; 99.10.+g
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    Topics: Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.567973
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    Observation of a radiation-induced soliton resonance in a Josephson ring (1996)
    Springer
    JETP letters 64 (1996), S. 191-196 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 03.40.Kf ; 03.65.Pm ; 74.50.+r
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental study of single-soliton dynamics in a ring-shaped Josephson junction is reported. An externally applied magnetic field H forms a harmonic potential for a soliton in the ring. The revolution of the soliton in the junction leads to a potential-induced emission of plasma waves, which give rise to a resonance at a certain soliton velocity. This behavior agrees with numerical simulations, which indicate locking of the soliton to the radiation frequency. Good agreement between the experiment, kinematic model, and numerical simulations is found.
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    Cherenkov trapping of waves and discreteness of 6 π-kink motion in a long Josephson junction (1999)
    Springer
    JETP letters 69 (1999), S. 348-352 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 85.25.Cp
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The phenomenon of Cherenkov trapping of generalized Swihart waves by a moving vortex is established using an analytically solvable model. The quantization of the structure of the field of the trapped waves is manifested as quantization of the values of the velocity of the vortices.
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    Pair tunneling in the low-temperature conductivity of the Cd-Sb alloy high-resistance state near the superconductor-insulator transition (1996)
    Springer
    JETP letters 64 (1996), S. 767-773 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 71.30.+h ; 72.20.Fr ; 74.50.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report a study of the temperature dependence, down to 30 mK, of the magnetoresistance of Cd-Sb alloy in the insulating phase obtained by annealing the quenched metallic superconducting ( T c ≈4.5 K) phase of the alloy. Even though the sample in this state is no longer superconducting, the observed negative magnetoresistance points to single-particle tunneling in the presence of a superconducting gap in the spectrum. At magnetic fields B〈T the ratio α(T,B)=R(T,B)/R(T,B=4 T)is found to be maximum at a temperature of about 0.1 K. This behavior indicates a change of the conductivity mechanism from single-particle tunneling to incoherent two-particle tunneling as the temperature decreases.
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    Experimental evidence for Coulomb charging effects in submicron Bi-2212 stacks (1999)
    Springer
    JETP letters 69 (1999), S. 84-90 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 85.25.Cp ; 74.50.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Focused ion beam (FIB) and ion milling techniques are developed for the fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+1d (Bi-2212) stacked junctions with in-plane size L ab ranging from several microns down to the submicron scale without degradation of superconducting transition temperature T c. It is found that the behavior of submicron junctions (L ab〈1 µm) is quite different from that of larger ones. The critical current density is considerably suppressed, the hysteresis and multibranched structure of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are eliminated, and a periodic structure of current peaks appears reproducibly on the I-V curves at low temperatures. The period ΔV of the structure is consistent with the Coulomb charging energy of a single pair, ΔV=e/C, where C is the effective capacitance of the stack. It is considered that this behavior originates from the Coulomb blockade of the intrinsic Josephson tunneling in submicron Bi-2212 stacks.
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    Electromagnetic waves in the nonlocal Josephson electrodynamics of a thin film of a magnetic superconductor (1999)
    Springer
    JETP letters 69 (1999), S. 148-155 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.25.Nf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An integrodifferential equation describing the dynamics of the phase difference with spatial and temporal nonlocality is derived for a Josephson junction in a thin film of magnetic superconductor. It is shown that the magnetic subsystem renormalizes the spectrum of small-amplitude electromagnetic excitations and leads to their damping.
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    On the mechanism of dissipation in the internal Josephson effect in layered superconductors at low temperatures (1999)
    Springer
    JETP letters 70 (1999), S. 526-532 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Hs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The current-voltage characteristics (IVCs) of a layered superconductor with singlet d pairing at low temperatures are calculated in the internal Josephson effect (IJE) regime. Coherent electron tunneling between layers is assumed. A finite resistance of the superconductor in the resistive state arises because of quasiparticle transitions through the superconducting gap near nodes. Because of charge effects the interaction of the Josephson junctions formed by the layers does not lead to substantial differences in the shapes of different branches of the IVCs. The model describes the basic qualitative features of the effect in high-temperature superconductors for voltages which are low compared with the amplitude of the superconducting gap.
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    Characteristic features of the formation of the resistive state in a Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy crystal (1999)
    Springer
    JETP letters 70 (1999), S. 556-562 
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    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 74.72.Hs ; 74.50.+r
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a magnetic field H⊥(ab) on the transverse current-voltage characteristics (IVCs) of the mixed state of a single crystal of the layered superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (BSCCO) is investigated. It is established that in a wide range of temperatures and fields above the irreversibility line the initial part of the IVC is described by the law V∝I γ with γ≃1. As the current increases further, this law is replaced by a section where V∝exp(I). It is established that the multivalued, multibranch characteristics, interpreted as a manifestation of an internal Josephson effect, do not change appreciably when the crystal passes into a state with nonzero linear resistance. The character of the dependence of the characteristic switching current on the first resistive branch, I J (H,T), is determined.
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    Tunneling measurements of the superconductor Nd1.85C0.15CuO4−δ (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 563-568 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.72.−h
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report tunneling measurements of the electron-doped superconductor Nd1.85Ce0.15Cu04−gd using break junctions. The observed finest gap structure is well expressed by the BCS density of states with the energy gap of Δ = 6.1 meV and a very small broadening parameter, having the ratio 2Δ/kBTc = 8.2 with Tc = 17.3 K. These features are similar to our tunneling results for the hole-doped cuprate superconductors. Therefore we find no essential difference in the gap structure, in spite of a common believing of the pairingsymmetry difference between them.
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    Fluctuation-induced in-plane magnetoconductivity in bilayered superconductors (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 681-686 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Fy ; 74.25.Ha ; 74.40.+k ; 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Bk
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we summarize some of our theoretical results for the paraconductivity and for the fluctuation-induced in-plane magnetoconductivity in the weak magnetic field limit of layered superconductors with several interlayer separations. Also, we briefly discuss the existing experimental data obtained in untwinned Y Ba2Cu3O7-δ crystals.
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    Magnetic field dependence of the Josephson coupling energy along the c-axis in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1219-1224 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.40.+k ; 74.50.+r ; 74.60.Ge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The magnetic field dependent c-axis dissipation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y single crystals is shown to agree with that of a series stack of Josephson tunnel junctions. We extract the Josephson coupling energy Ej from the measured the c-axis resistance as a function of the angle θ between the c-axis and the magnetic field B using an extended Ambegaokar-Halperin model. For B 〉 0.5T, Ej increases continuously with both decreasing temperature and decreasing magnetic field. At T = 78K, Ej exhibits a B−0.5 behavior.
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    Long range coupling in YBa2Cu3O7−δ/Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ multilayers (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1319-1324 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.80.Dm ; 74.60.Ge ; 74.50.+r
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract YBa2Cu3O7−δ/(Y1−xPrx)Ba2Cu3O7−δ multilayers have been used to probe coupling through (Y1−x:Prx)Ba2Cu3O7−δ alloys. We observe that the coupling between ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7−δ layers, 12 or 24 Å thick, survives through several hundred Å of (Y1−xPrx)Ba2Cu3O7−δ with x=0.4 and 0.55. Tc versus the thickness of the spacer-alloy, and activation energies for flux motion, with fields parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis, have been used to probe this long range coupling. All these experiments point to an unusually large coupling length for these two alloy compositions. In the x=0.55 case this result is particularly surprising since the alloy material display a semiconducting behaviour for this composition. Tc measurements, activation energies, and a study of the vortex dynamics in these coupled multilayers is presented along with new results obtained on a series of multilayers built with a more insulating alloy, x=0.7.
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    Atomic-plane-selective STM imaging and STS on the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ cleaved surface (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 489-494 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 73.40.Gk ; 74.72.Hs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In STM experiments on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ .
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    Energy gap distribution of HgBa2CuO4+δ investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1243-1248 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 61.16.Ch ; 74.50.+r
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The superconducting energy gap distribution of poly crystalline HgBa2CuO4+δ samples of differing oxygen doping levels (Tc = 94 K and Tc = 96 K) is determined by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) using a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). From histograms of energy gap values the presence of two distinct energy gaps is inferred (Δ1=8.5±1.6meV and Δ2=15.1±1.4meV). We attribute the different gaps to different crystallographic faces, implying a non-BCS electron-electron pairing mechanism.
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    Oxygen doping and temperature dependence of the tunneling spectroscopy on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1083-1089 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.62.Dh ; 74.72.Hs
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present local probe tunneling spectroscopy of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ single crystals for different oxygen concentrations, from optimally doped (Tc=92.2 K) to highly overdoped (Tc=56.0 K) phases. With increasing oxygen overdoping, the superconducting gap (Δp) is reduced and the dip structure beyond Δp at negative sample bias1 shifts toward the Fermi energy. Apart from the shift in energy of these features, the generic shape of the tunneling spectra remains unchanged. The gap roughly scales with Tc, and 2Δp/kBTc stays large even in the highly overdoped phase. We also present preliminary results on the temperature dependence of the tunneling spectra. They are consistent with a gap that is largely independent on temperature up to the vicinity of Tc
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    Constraints on the pairing state of the cuprate superconductors (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 473-482 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.72.−h ; 74.50.+r
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The pairing state of the cuprate superconductors is a key issue in understanding experiments and in clarifying possible mechanisms. A wide range of experiments now show that the gap function is predominantly $$d_{x^2 - y^2 }$$ in character. Here we discuss the relevant experiments, especially focusing on those which provide constraints on possible mixed pairing states, such as s+d and s+id.
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    Scanning/friction force microscopy study of YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals grown in BaZrO3 crucibles (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1373-1378 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 61.16.Ch ; 74.50.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Very pure YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) single crystals grown in BaZrO3 crucibles are studied in the as-grown and the oxidized state by scanning force (SFM), friction force (FFM) and scanning tunneling microscopies (STM). The images show clean terraces with step-heights of one unit cell along YBCO(001), i.e. 1.2 nm. Only close to step edges is material contrast observed by FFM indicating traces af flux. Some crystal surfaces exhibit over-layer features, such as star-like, ribbon-like and checkerboard-like structures, which exhibit friction contrast implying the presence of different materials on the surface. Tunneling spectroscopy at 4.7 K in high vacuum reveals a superconducting energy gap of 2Δ ≈ 26 me V.
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    Scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies on YBa2Cu3O7−δ (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1129-1134 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.60.Ge ; 71.20.−b ; 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Bk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) measurements have been carried out on the high Tc superconductor (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO). Using very high quality single crystals as well as hard tips, we obtained differential conductance spectra which showed various conductance features in agreement with other spectroscopic techniques. The reproducibility of our spectra allowed us to map for the first time the vortex lattice on a HTS using a STS technique1. The vortices are arranged in a short range order oblique lattice, while the cores of the flux lines show an anisotropic shape. These observations can be related to the in-plane anisotropy of YBCO.
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    Phase sensitive measurements of the pairing state symmetries of cuprate superconductors using tricrystal microbridges (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 527-532 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.76.Bz ; 85.25.Cp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the field-modulated critical currents of cuprate thin film microbridges on tricrystal substrates are reported. Two central peaks of equal height are observed in the field-dependent critical currents of YBCO tricrystal microbridges. However, the critical current is nonvanishing at zero field for YBCO, consistent with an orthorhombically distorted d-wave order parameter. An ion-irradiated YBCO tricrystal microbridge has also been measured, and has been found to exhibit more ideal dx2−y2-like behavior with increasing irradiation dosage.
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    A new approach to the design of high-Tc superconductors: Metallised interlayers (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1379-1384 
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    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 74.25.Fy ; 74.25.Ha ; 74.50.+r ; 74.72.Gr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show from muon spin relaxation (μSR) studies on mercury HTS superconductors that a 50-fold increase in irreversibility field obtained by partial substitution of Re for Hg is due to metallisation of the Hg/Re layer. Induced superconductivity on this metallic layer doubles the overall superfluid density. This suggests a new approach to the design of high performance HTS materials: metallising one of the non-CuO2 interlayers and thereby greatly enhancing the superconducting properties.
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