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  • Articles  (27)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (27)
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  • Springer  (27)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 171-172 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ethanolamines ; Ethylene glycols ; Wide-bore capillary column
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The GC separation of a mixture of three ethanolamines and four ethylene glycols without any preliminary derivatization, on a wide-bore capillary column coated with Carbowax 20M is described. These high-boiling and polar compounds elute giving simmetrical peaks and show good resolution. The analysis is completed in less than 14 minutes.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phase optimization ; Mobile phase optimization ; Column temperature optimization ; Multifactor optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A computer-assisted method is presented for the simultaneous multifactor optimization (stationary phase loading, column temperature and carrier gas flow rate) of the analytical conditions for the optimum separation of multicomponent samples in gas chromatography. The optimization of the separation over the experimental region is based on a special polynomial from twelve preliminary experiments using the resolution as the selection criterion. Computer scanning technique was used for optimum selection in three dimensions. Excellent agreement was obtained between the predicted data and the experimental results.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 193-205 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Silanol adsorption centres ; Strongly interacting adsorption sites ; Suppression of adsorption activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In this second part of the review heterogeneity of the silica surface is described and evidence is presented for the existence of a low population of strong adsorption sites. Methods of detection and determination of these strongly interacting sites are discussed. The last part of the review is devoted to the suppression of unwanted adsorption activity. Methods of blockage and special methods for the preparation of HPLC packings are described.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 243-246 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Principal component analysis ; Wool wax alcohols ; Sterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection has been applied to the separation of the components of wool wax alcohols. Twenty-six commercial and non-commercial (laboratory) samples were investigated. Twenty-eight components found in the samples were used as variables for further characterization by a chemometric procedure. Principal component analysis was applied to the differentiation of samples from different sources and obtained by different technologies.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Chemiluminescence detection ; Phosphine derivatives ; Headspace analysis ; Fluorine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Phosphine, alkylated phosphines and monophosphinate esters are detected with high sensitivity in capillary gas chromatography (GC) by their chemiluminescent reactions with molecular fluorine. Detection limits are estimated to be 1.3 pg, 0.5 pg, 8 pg, and 17 pg for phosphine, trimethyl phosphine, trimethyl phosphinate ester, and triethyl phosphine, respectively. As found earlier with alkylated sulfur, selenium and tellurium compounds, the detector exhibits a linear response. For triethyl phosphine, a linear range of greater than three orders of magnitude was demonstrated. Emission spectra were obtained for the trimethyl phosphine and triethyl phosphine systems. Chemiluminescence emitters include electronically excited HCF, vibrationally excited HF, and an unknown species in the trimethyl phosphine system. Banded emission from vibrationally excited HF and a broad continuum were observed for both trimethyl phosphine and triethyl phosphine; however, HCF emission was observed only for TMP. Under the conditions employed, the principal emitter is HCF for trimethyl phosphine and HF and the unknown emitter for triethyl phosphine. This detector may have important applications in investigations of the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Correlation chromatography ; Spark modulator injector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A spark modulator has been tested as an injection system for correlation gas chromatography. An air/hydrocarbon vapour mixture was used as the carrier gas. Single negative sample injections were performed using a single spark period. The experiments resulted in negative sample peaks and a positive product peak. The intensity of all peaks showed a characteristic dependence on the spark frequency and power used. Ghostpeaks were absent when a correlation experiment was performed with a high concentration of a test compound in pure air. The signal to noise ratio enhancement however, was lower than the theoretical value. More experiments are necessary to expalain this phenomenon.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 457-464 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Organoclay stationary phase ; Bentone ; Ethylbenzene and xylene isomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Several kinds of Bentones which have structures similar to Bentone 34 have been tested and compared for the purpose of improving the resolution of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers by gas chromatography. Bentone SD-3 was found to have higher selectivity toward these close-boiling compounds than the well known stationary phase Bentone 34. Modification effects of some conventional stationary phases which represent the whole range of polarity on the chromatographic property of Bentone SD-3 have been investigated and discussed. A number of new organoclays which have different structures of the organic cation in complexes have been synthesized and their properties evaluated for the separation of positional isomers. A simultaneously high selective organoclay for each component in the aromatic mixture of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers, without assistance of conventional stationary phases, has been described.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 453-456 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Organochlorine pesticides ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Solid phase extraction ; Mussels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A multi-residue method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in mussels (Mytilus sp.) is presented. After extraction with acetonitrile, pesticides and PCB's are separated from coextractives by liquid-liquid partition between acetonitrile and water/hexane. Further clean-up is performed using Sep-Pak Florisil cartridges eluting PCB's in the first eluate with hexane and organochlorine pesticides in the second eluate with 15% ethyl ether in hexane. Final determination is carried out by capillary gas chromatography with ECD. Detection limits for different pesticides and PCB's range from 0.02 to 0.3 μg kg−1 and recoveries from standards solutions treated in the same way as the samples averaged 91.5%.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 31 (1991), S. 500-504 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Amino acids ; Linearity ; Nitrogen-phosphorus detector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A significant curvature of the detector response was observed when a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector (NPD) was used for the gas chromatographic determination of amino acids. Five calibration standards, over a 16 fold concentration range, were used to calibrate the NPD. A calibration curve of form y=axb was found to be suitable, with coerelation coefficients (r)〉0,997 for all 17 amino acids. A t-test was used to prove that b≠1, i.e. there was significant curvature. This calibration curve reduced calibration errors to less than 6%, compared to more than 40% for linear calibration.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 32 (1991), S. 5-12 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Headspace sampling ; GC theory ; Influence of sample volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The role of the volume of the sample and the sample vial in equilibrium headspace-gas chromatography is discussed. A new term, thesample phase fraction (ΦS) is introduced. It is shown that if the value of ΦS is kept constant, the vial's volume has no influence on the “sensitivity” of the headspace analysis (which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the headspace). In a given headspace sampling system, concentration of the compound of interest in the headspace (c G * ) at equilibrium is related to the value of ΦS: a higher ΦS will increase c G * . However, the influence is important only in the case of low distribution coefficients: in the case of higher distribution coefficients this influence is negligible. This conclusion is also true for small changes in the sample volume in duplicate analyses: exact reproducibility of the sample volume is important only in the case of low distribution coefficient values.
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