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  • Articles  (1,578)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,578)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (1,578)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1950-1954
  • 1982  (796)
  • 1980  (782)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (1,578)
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  • Articles  (1,578)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (1,578)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative performance of polynomial signal extraction (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic approximation problem for polynomic operators is formulated. The performance of polynomic operators of various degrees is compared. The effect of causality constraints is also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600036
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  • 2
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    Feedback system design: The single-variate case — Part I (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 137-169 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A recently developed algebraic approach to the feedback system design problem is reviewed via the derivation of the theory in the single-variate case. This allows the simple algebraic nature of the theory to be brought to the fore while simultaneously minimizing the complexities of the presentation. Rather than simply giving a single solution to the prescribed design problem we endeavor to give a complete parameterization of the set of compensators which meet specifications. Although this might at first seem to complicate our theory it, in fact, opens the way for a sequential approach to the design problem in which one parameterizes the subset of those compensators which meet the second specification...etc. Specific problems investigated include feedback system stabilization, the tracking and disturbance rejection problem, robust design, transfer function design, pole placement, simultaneous stabilization, and stable stabilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600050
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  • 3
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    Editorial (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 267-268 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599010
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  • 4
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    Rational approximation via selective modal analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 433-445 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We describe a recently developed framework for exploring the structure of linear time-invariant models of large systems, and for constructing interpretable or physically-based, reduced-order models that reproduce selected modes of the original systems to a desired accuracy. Application of this framework to constructing lumped approximations for interconnections of lumped and distributed systems is briefly explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599022
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    The asymptotic behavior of Hermite-Padé polynomials (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 305-309 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present speculations on the asymptotic behavior of Hermite-Padé polynomials of type I constructed from a set of functions with common branch points. The proposed form is consistent with all known results and numerical work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599014
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  • 6
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    Nested-feedback-loops realization of 2-D systems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 321-343 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Algorithms are derived for representation of double power series by branched continued fractions. Some properties of the branched continued fractions are given. Two new alternative structures for realization of a two-dimensional, zero memory nonlinear transfer characteristic are proposed. These structures permit the design of 2-D systems with relatively low sensitivity of the transfer function to coefficient errors. Generalized equivalence transformations of branched continued fractions are also presented. Illustrative examples are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Port properties of nonlinear reciprocal networks (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 77-92 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Time-invariantn-port networks are considered which are constructed from linear resistors and transformers, and nonlinear inductors and capacitors. A port property is sought which is analogous to the symmetry of the impedance matrix obtained in the linear case. Such a property is found using a stochastic characterization: with all resistors assumed to be at the one temperature and modelled to include the usual thermal noise, a fluctuating noise voltage will be observed at the ports of the networks. With some reasonable restrictions on the nature of the nonlinearities in the reactive elements, the vector of such noise voltages is shown to constitute what is known as a reversible stochastic process; in the linear case, reversibility holds if and only if the impedance matrix is symmetric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600035
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  • 8
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    Continuation algorithms for the eigenvalue problems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 123-134 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Three algorithms for the solution of the eigenvalue problem for a continuously parameterized family of sparse matrices are presented; a continuousLU (orLR) algorithm, a continuousQR algorithm, and a continuous Hessenberg algorithm. Each of the three algorithms may be implemented recursively and the sparsity of the given matrices is preserved throughout the numerical process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600038
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  • 9
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    Stability analysis of complex dynamical systems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 171-202 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present two new algorithms to estimate the domain of attraction of the equilibriumx=0 of a nonlinear systemx=f(x). One of these algorithms utilizes quadratic Lyapunov functions while the second algorithm makes use of norm Lyapunov functions. Both of these procedures yield estimates for the domain of attraction which are comparable to those obtained by existing methods; however, the present algorithms appear to be significantly more efficient than existing algorithms. We also show how sometimes the applicability of the above results can be extended to high order systems by invoking the comparison principle. In doing so, we establish some results for the comparison principle which are of interest in their own right. Specifically, we relate the domain of attraction of a low order comparison system to the domain of attraction of a higher order system and we give an interpretation of the comparison principle in terms of stability preserving maps. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the present results, and in order to compare the present results with existing results, several specific examples are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600051
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  • 10
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    A block matrix representation of permutation networks (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 251-266 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This work provides a mathematical framework for topologically-independent analysis of permutation networks. First, a structure-dependent representation is provided using matrices whose entries are switching expressions. Then, a transformation is presented which maps these matrices into structure-independent representations which are matrices whose entries are 0/1 matrices. Algebraic tools for manipulating the second type of matrices are also provided. Notions such as permutations realizable by a network, the rearrangeability property, and series and parallel connections of networks are defined and discussed with regard to the proposed representations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600055
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  • 11
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    Toeplitz equations and Kronecker's algorithm (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 289-304 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A reliable algorithm, similar to the modifed Kronecker algorithm, is provided for the solution of the Polish polynomial approximation problem. Implicit in this solution is an efficient and reliable method for the algebraic solution of Toeplitz equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599013
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  • 12
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    Stieltjes series and soliton interaction (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 311-320 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract TheKdV andMkdV multisoliton solutions are found to be generated by rational Stieltjes functions of the non-linearity parameter, each pole of which can be associated with a soliton. The well-known asymptotic emergence of the separate solitons follows at once from the motion of the poles. Successive (n-1/n) Padé approximants to theN-soliton series are considered to show how the solitons are reconstructed from an increasing number of perturbation terms (n ≤N). Their asymptotic behaviour is particularly striking: as time increases the behaviour of then th approximation becomes that of an actualn-soliton solution, constituted by then leading solitons. Furthermore, it turns out that each such Padé approximation satisfies a conservation law: the mass of the approximated solution, equal to that of then solitons included, is conserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599015
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  • 13
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    A remark on the numerics of rational approximation and the rate of convergence of equally spaced interpolation of ¦x ¦ (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 367-377 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this note we review the technique for rational Chebyshev approximation as given by the generalization of the Remes algorithm and point out its connection to the generalized eigenvalue problem for symmetric Hankel matrices. By a classical example and some recent work it can be shown that interpolation with rational functions (even) on equidistant knots may lead to results that are superior to Chebyshev approximation by means of polynomials for comparable numerical work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599018
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  • 14
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    Optimal Hankel-norm approximation of continuous-time linear systems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 407-431 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A problem on optimal approximation of continuous-time linear systems is studied. The performance measure (error) is chosen to be the spectral norm of the difference between the Hankel operators associated with the original system and the approximant. It is shown that the Hankel operators associated with continuous-time systems and the Hankel matrices associated with discrete-time systems are related by an interesting correspondence property via bilinear transforms. This fact is then used to derive the continuous-time results (theory and algorithms) from the established discrete-time ones. Some simple examples are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599021
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  • 15
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    Scattering theory and matrix orthogonal polynomials on the real line (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 471-495 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The techniques of scattering and inverse scattering theory are used to investigate the properties of matrix orthogonal polynomials. The discrete matrix analog of the Jost function is introduced and its properties investigated. The matrix distribution function with respect to which the polynomials are orthonormal is constructed. The discrete matrix analog of the Marchenko equation is derived and used to obtain further results on the matrix Jost function and the distribution function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599024
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  • 16
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    An efficient large systems analysis method using system dynamic behavior (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 57-76 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents our unified approach to the solution of large system analysis problems. The macromodular behavioral technique combines multiple-logic function macromodeling, functional latency and nested macromodel. We take advantage of the dynamic behavior and the repetitive modular structure of a system to improve the computational efficiency during system analysis. Several Bipolar and MOSFET electronic networks are used to demonstrate the merits of the macromodular behavioral method for large system analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600034
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  • 17
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    Design of FIR digital filters using tapped cascaded FIR Subfilters (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 43-56 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper considers the design of an FIR digital filter by interconnecting a number of identical FIR subfilters with the aid of a few additional multipliers and adders. The overall structure is in the form of a tapped cascaded FIR subfilters. A composite method to determine the tapping coefficients along with the coefficients of the subfilter to approximate overall frequency response characteristic is proposed. Several numerical examples illustrating the proposed method are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600033
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  • 18
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    A general theory of broadband matching of an active load (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 105-122 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Given a passive frequency-dependent source impedance and an active or passive load and a preassigned transducer power-gain characteristic, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a lossless reciprocal equalizer which, when operating between the given source and the given load, yields the desired transducer power-gain characteristic. The significance of the present approach is that the realization of the equalizer involves only driving-point synthesis by the Darlington theory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600037
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  • 19
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    Editorial (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 135-135 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600049
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  • 20
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    Semistate design theory (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 203-216 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Using semistate theory forward and reverse binary hysteresis operators are defined from which design equations result for relevant circuits. Through variation of the design parameters swept hysteresis is introduced and experimental results presented on it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600052
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  • 21
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    Minimum round-off noise realization of block-state recursive digital filters (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 217-231 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The development of a block-state structure with minimum round-off noise subject to ℓ2-norm dynamic range constraint is outlined. The pertinent equations for scaling and for round-off noise analysis of block-state structures implemented using fixed-point arithmetic are first derived. Next, a lower bound and the global minimum of the output noise due to the round-off of the block-state-variables are derived. A method of deriving the minimum round-off noise block state-structure is outlined. A numerical example is included. With regard to computational complexity and overall noise performance, the block-state realization of recursive digital filters is shown to be superior.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600053
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  • 22
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    Solvability and error bounds for nonlinear circuits containing operational amplifiers (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 233-249 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Although an operational amplifier is a nonlinear device, the existing methods of analysis of circuits with operational amplifiers view it as a linear element which possibly has an infinite gain. As a result, it is not clear to what extent the results thus obtained hold. In this paper we construct a general model of a (nonlinear) circuit containing operational amplifiers. Viewing such a network as an interconnection of a multiport withn operational amplifiers, we give conditions for solvability (i.e., for the existence of an input-output operator), and establish estimates for the error incurred by replacing such a system by an idealized system whose operational amplifiers have infinite gain. In this way we determine ranges for variables within which the traditional linear analysis gives results that fulfill given accuracy requirements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600054
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  • 23
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    Generalisations of Padé approximants (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 279-287 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A brief account is given of a number of generalisations of Padé approximants defined and studied over the past twenty years. These generalisations include multi-point approximants, approximants based upon differential equations, multivalued approximants, multivariate approximants, and approximants defined from series of orthogonal functions. The general class of Hermite-Padé approximants is discussed, and various applications are noted.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599012
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  • 24
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    Moment problems and low rank Toeplitz approximations (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 345-366 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recent signal processing research suggests that a theory of moments for finite Toeplitz matrices and forms would help in understanding and solving certain model approximation problems. Such a theory is developed in this paper and it is shown how these moment parameterizations can make approximating by low rank Toeplitz matrices tractable. In the case of Toeplitz forms, this moment representation gives a simple solution to the extendibility problem for finite sections of a Toeplitz form.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599017
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  • 25
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    Estimation of structure by minimum description length (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 395-406 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A theorem is proved which demonstrates that an earlier derived minimum description length estimation criterion is capable of distinguishing between structures in linear models for vector processes. A fairly simple algorithm is described for the estimation of the best model, including its structure and the number of its parameters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599020
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  • 26
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    Singular value analysis of deformable systems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 447-470 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Singular value analysis, balancing, and approximation of a class of deformable systems are investigated. The deformable systems considered herein include several important cases of flexible aerospace vehicles and are characterized by countably infinitely many poles and zeros on the imaginary axis. The analysis relies completely on the so-called asymptotic singular value decompositon of the Hankel operator associated with the impulse response of the system. A parametric study of a six-dimensional single-input single-output case is performed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599023
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  • 27
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    Editorial (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 1-2 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600031
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  • 28
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    System identification techniques for adaptive signal processing (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 3-41 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many problems in adaptive filtering can be approached from the point of view of system identification. The close interconnection between these two disciplines is explored in some detail. This approach makes it possible to apply recursive parameter estimation algorithms to adaptive signal processing. Several examples are discussed including: adaptive line enhancement, generalized adaptive noise cancelling, adaptive deconvolution and adaptive TDOA estimation. It is shown how the recursive maximum likelihood algorithm can be used for both FIR and IIR filtering, and some preliminary results are presented. Several alternative algorithms are briefly discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600032
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  • 29
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    Special issue on rational approximations for systems (1982)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 269-278 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Conclusions To conclude our discussion we can only confess to our shortcomings as organizers and editors. We have been incomplete, we have been biased, and, worst of all, we have not been able to produce the most essential connections in any firm way. Perhaps our major achievement — if we may say so — has been to point the way to many possible new results and to new research. The field discussed here seemed at first very conventional. May we have convinced the reader that it is not. That the major problems have not been solved. That here lies an open field for system engineers, numerical analysts, and mathematicians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599011
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  • 30
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    Contractive intertwining dilations and norm approximation techniques (1982)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 1 (1982), S. 379-394 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recent results in labelling all contractive intertwining dilations and in studying connections between labellings are presented. These facts are used to describe the general solution of the Carathéodory-Fejér extrapolation problem. This turns out to be useful for some numerical problems such as: computation of the norm of an analytic Toeplitz matrix, an algorithm for detecting reflection coefficients in seismic exploration, and a model for controlling the errors in Wiener prediction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599019
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  • 31
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    The backscattering technique: its field of applicability in fibre diagnostics and attenuation measurements (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 17-22 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The evaluation of power decay along the fibre by means of the backscattering technique may be altered by the presence of unknown irregularities. In the present paper the effects of such imperfections are estimated; it is demonstrated that mainly local inhomogeneities and numerical aperture fluctuations influence backscattered power. Finally an efficient and simple method for the separation of the power decay contribution from the irregularity contribution is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625494
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  • 32
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    Scattering characteristics of a beam mode in a dielectric-slab optical waveguide. Part II (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 23-33 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The radiated power of scattered light caused by refractive-index inhomogeneities and waveguide wall irregularities in an asymmetric slab waveguide is investigated by using the stationary phase method on the basis of a first-order perturbation theory. The correlation between both imperfections of the refractive index and the waveguide wall is taken into consideration. It is found that the correlation between both imperfections hardly affects the radiated power caused by air radiation modes while it modifies the radiated power caused by substrate radiation modes.
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    Influence of coherence and misalignment on the complex amplitude addition and subtraction by holographic Fourier transformation (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 217-223 
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    Notes: Abstract General results are given for the influence of coherence and misalignment on the complex amplitude addition and subtraction by holographic Fourier transformation. For the method of Gaboret al. we have investigated the effects of longitudinal and transverse misalignment of the recording material between the first and second exposure. A method for complex addition and subtraction of Fourier transforms is investigated also.
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    Spatially inhomogeneous carrier concentration dependence of the reflectivity of semiconductors (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 245-251 
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    Notes: Abstract The excite-and-probe technique was used to study the optically induced charge carrier concentration dependence of the reflectivity of semiconductors, both experimentally and theoretically, in the case of an exponential carrier distribution. The second harmonic of an Nd : YAG laser (pulse duration 25 ps) was used as the exciting beam; the fundamental wave served as the probe beam. At a carrier concentration of about 2.5×1021 cm−3 a minimum reflectivity was obtained if the angle of incidence was greater than 40°. For increasing absorption constants of the semiconductor at the exciting frequency, this minimum value of the reflectivity was shown to increase. The dependence of the reflectivity on the exponentially distributed carrier concentration was studied experimentally for thin amorphous silicon films produced by the glow-discharge technique. For an absorption constant of 6×105 cm−1 at 532 nm, good agreement was found between the numerical calculations and the experimental results.
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    Application du contrôle de l'autofocalisation dans CS2 au raccourcissement d'impulsions laser picoseconde (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 253-261 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract This paper deals with self-focusing of picosecond laser pulses due to the optical Kerr effect in CS2. It describes experimental techniques by which the self-focusing process can be controlled with a good degree of spatial and temporal reproducibility. It includes applications to the frequency modulation of light pulses. Appropriate combination of this modulation with linear amplitude filtering results in pulse shortening of a 30 ps pulse by a factor of 30.
    Notes: Résumé Nous décrivons plusieurs techniques expérimentales qui permettent de maîtriser le phénomène d'autofocalisation d'un faisceau laser ‘picoseconde’ dans un matériau présentant l'effet Kerr optique. Sous certaines conditions, ce phénomène est suffisamment prévisible et reproductible dans le temps et dans l'espace pour produire des impulsions picoseconde présentant certaines lois contrôlées de modulation de fréquences temporelles. Enfin, nous montrons comment des impulsions laser de durée initiale 30 ps modulées convenablement en fréquence par autofocalisation contrôlée dans CS2 peuvent être raccourcies d'un facteur 30 environ par filtrage passif d'amplitude.
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    Analytical continuation of LP0n modes beyond cut-off in optical fibres (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 280-282 
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    Semiconductor laser bistable operation with an adjustable trigger (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 321-326 
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    Notes: Abstract Hysteresis is demonstrated in the light output versus current characteristics of twin-stripe injection lasers subject to optical injection. The sensitivity of the device to optical injection is adjustable and allows an adjustable switch for bistable operation to be defined.
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    Radiative and nonradiative recombination times in semiconducting films (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 331-338 
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    Notes: Abstract The radiation emitted spontaneously by a semiconductor which has been excited for a very short time decays exponentially with a time constant that depends on the recombination rate of electrons and holes. This recombination rate is the combination of radiative and nonradiative transition rates between conduction and valence bands of the semiconductor. The radiative recombination rate depends on the density of states of the electromagnetic field, which can be made to be dependent on the geometry. In this paper, we report on the dependence of the fluorescence lifetime upon the thickness of active thin films. For systems in which the radiative recombination rate is dominant over the nonradiative ones, the total recombination time can be changed by suitable modifications of the thickness of the film. In this situation, the nonradiative rate can be evaluated. We present experimental results for the case of cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films.
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    Two-wavelength and power-balanced oscillation of a CO2 laser for application to differential absorption measurements (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 339-346 
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    Notes: Abstract A new technique of alternate two-wavelength oscillation of a CO2 laser is discussed for application to various differential absorption spectroscopic measurements. Power-balanced, two-adjacent branch oscillation using a single CO2 laser was achieved by modulating the angle of a mirror inside the laser cavity and adjusting automatically the cavity length. The two-wavelength modulation frequency was extended up to about 1.2 kHz. Line tuning and power modulation characteristics were studied. The laser was used in long-path differential absorption measurements of ethylene air pollution molecules to demonstrate the capability of this power-balanced, two-wavelength oscillation method. The minimum detectable absorption was nearly 1×10−3 in a short-path cell experiment and 3×10−3 in a long-path experiment.
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    Polarization states in twisted optical fibres (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 371-374 
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    A microprocessor-controlled apparatus for the measurement of pulsed spectra (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 193-197 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple and relatively inexpensive microprocessor-controlled apparatus to measure pulsed spectra has been developed. The system enables the average for a given number of pulses to be taken at each data point. Spectra of a mercury lamp are presented as an example.
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    X-ray production by a laser plasma in a strong electric field (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 231-235 
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    Notes: Abstract The X-ray emission of a laser plasma from metal targets in a 26 kV cm−1 electric field is investigated experimentally. A substructure of the X-ray pulse, corresponding to the laser pulse train period is found. The spectrum of the radiation in the range 2–25 keV is measured.
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    A geometrical optics treatment of differential mode delay (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 253-257 
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    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of expressing the index of the refraction profile of a graded-index fibre or planar waveguide in terms of the results of differential mode delay measurements. We develop a perturbative solution to this problem within the context of geometrical optics by assuming that only meridional rays contribute experimentally.
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    Statistical and coherence effects in nonlinear optical parametric up conversion. I. Coherent interaction (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 425-431 
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    Notes: Abstract The distinction between coherent and incoherent nonlinear optical interactions is established at the beginning of the paper. In the first part parametric up conversion (PUC) by coherent nonlinear optical mixing of the strong pumping radiation with weak input radiation is treated with respect to statistical properties of generating radiations. The efficiency of PUC is calculated by means of the conserved statistics method. It is shown that the efficiency of PUC depends upon the photon statistics of the strong pumping radiation only, namely, it decreases with increasing fluctuation level in the pumping radiation. The fourth-order statistics of generated sum-frequency radiation is calculated in the first approximation of the iterative solution. The statistics of both generating radiations are projected into the statistical distribution of the resulting sum-frequency radiation in the same way at the beginning of the process.
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    Commentaires sur la détermination de la loi de luminance L(P,θ) d'une source semi-conductrice en champ proche (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 445-451 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the application of the near field technique to the measure of radiance of light emitting diodes and laser diodes. We have shown the possibilities and the limitations of this technique.
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    Transverse mode oscillations at GHz frequencies in stripe-geometry lasers (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 465-466 
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    Equivalent step-index profile for graded W-fibres: application to TE01 mode cut-off (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 483-499 
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    Notes: Abstract Snyder's equivalent step-index method is extended to the case of graded profiles with a depressed cladding. This method is then used to determine the limit of monomode operation. Comparison with the results obtained by an exact numerical technique is made for a large variety of simulated profiles, including those with ripples in the cladding. Conclusions are drawn concerning the sensitivity of various profile-shapes to such ripple structure. The method is applied also to measured profiles, reconstructed by a well-known tomographic procedure. In this latter case a comparison is made with experimentally determined values.
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    A new theory of rectangular optical waveguides (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 525-537 
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    Notes: Abstract A new theoretical treatment of the dispersion theory for rectangular optical waveguides is presented. The theoretical basis of the effective dielectric constant method is investigated, and it shows how corrections can be calculated systematically. The result is a new set of eigenvalue equations, simple in form, and which provide very accurate values for the propagation constant.
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    Energy transfer between two beams in writing a reflection volume hologram in a dynamic medium (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 547-556 
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical study is presented of the stationary energy transfer between two beams in the writing of a reflection hologram in a dynamic medium. The intensities of the two beams both inside the medium and at the surfaces are determined as a function of absorption coefficient, the effective coupling constant, the initial intensity ratio and the thickness of the medium. Numerical results obtained from the computer calculations are presented in graphical form.
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    Formation of laser speckles under extra-axial aberrations (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 519-524 
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    Comments on ‘modes in weakly guiding elliptical optical fibres’ (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 529-532 
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    Représentation paramétrique suivant les polynômes de Legendre de l'intensité lumineuse émise par une DEL et une extrémité de fibre optique (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 77-80 
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    Variation in the diameter of an optical fibre: a simple experiment (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 89-91 
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    Optical tuning of a tellurium cavity: optical modulation and bistability in the infrared region at room temperature (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 157-167 
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    Notes: Abstract A new optical-optical modulator for the infrared region (4μm 〈λ 〈 11μm) is described. It is based on the tuning of the transmission of a plane parallel tellurium slab by free carriers created by multiphoton absorption of 10.6μm and 5.3μm radiation at room temperature. The operation of this device is described by a simple theory using the plane-wave approximation and the Drude-Zehner model. The assumptions of this theory were fulfilled by the experimental conditions, permitting a quantitative analysis of the registered modulations. Under certain working conditions pulse shortening (170 ns pulses ofλ=5.3μm were shortened by up to 20 ns) and fast switch-on of the device (switch-on time ⩽2 ns) were observed. Moreover, the modulator exhibits limiter action and optical bistability which, for the first time, is observed in an intrinsic semiconductor device at room temperature.
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    A high-speed optical receiver (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 61-66 
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    Notes: Abstract The design and performance of a high-speed optical receiver for the 1.3μm and 1.5μm wavelength regions is described. The receiver comprises an InGaAs PIN photodiode feeding into a bipolar transimpedance preamplifier. Measured receiver characteristics are found to compare favourably with theoretical predictions.
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    Modified near-field intensity scanning of step-index fibres (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 73-76 
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    Fabrication of efficient phase gratings using deep u. v. lithography (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 85-88 
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    Components and systems for long-wavelength monomode fibre transmission (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 95-143 
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    Notes: Abstract This review discusses the requirements and constraints on components for long-wavelength monomode systems. In particular it critically reviews the current status of fibre, splicing, cabling, laser, detector, receiver and systems research; emphasis is placed on practical achievements rather than just speculative possibilities. The review concludes with a brief assessment of the future role of guided-wave optical devices.
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    Beam propagation in elliptical fibres (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 225-236 
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    Notes: Abstract We apply an operator method, based on the scalar wave equation, to study the propagation of a Gaussian light beam in an optical fibre with an arbitrary, elliptically symmetric refractive-index profile. We discover that ray optical results, while not capable of predicting the rapid distortion of an optical beam in a non-ideal refractive-index profile, successfully simulate the general form of the optical power distributions, even in non-ideal profiles. We find that the propagation patterns for elliptical fibres with and without a strongly scattering central index dip show several unexpected similarities.
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    A multipole formalism for describing radiative pulse evolution in degenerate transitions of gaseous media (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 201-215 
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    Notes: Abstract A general method is introduced for modelling coherent radiative and propagational processes at optical and near-optical frequencies in degenerate transitions of gaseous atomic and molecular systems. A ‘Blochtensorial’ expansion is used to describe the coherent behaviour of the system, and is applicable to P-, Q- and R-type transitions. Time-dependent solutions of the high-order multipole Maxwell-Bloch equations are obtained for irradiation of the systems by both linearly polarized and circularly polarized incident fields. These lead to important predictions of pulse evolution behaviour in degenerate amplifier and absorber systems.
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    Single longitudinal and transverse mode operation of a hybrid unstable resonator TE CO2 laser (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 237-243 
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    Notes: Abstract Single-mode operation of an atmospheric-pressure TE CO2 laser is reported. Single longitudinal mode emission has been achieved by incorporating a low-pressure, transversely excited gain section in the same laser cavity as the atmospheric-pressure section. The effects of different resonator configurations on the system modal behaviour have been investigated and it is shown that unstable resonators are particularly suitable for controlling the transverse mode structure with a complete coverage of the excited medium. With an unstable resonator configuration, formed by a metallic convex mirror and a plane diffraction grating, single longitudinal and single transverse mode output pulses with energy up to 2 J have been produced on more than 40 lines of both the 9.4μ m and 10.4μ m bands. This technique can easily be scaled to larger aperture devices at higher extracted energies.
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    Bistable operation of a GaAs-AlGaAs diode laser coupled to an external resonator of narrow spectral bandwidth (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 375-389 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of an external dispersive resonator on the emission properties of a double heterostructure semiconductor laser operating at room temperature has been investigated. The proper design of the external resonator (frequency selectivity and efficient back-coupling of the radiation leaving the diode) demonstrates that a laser with optical feedback can show bistability and hysteresis phenomena. The dispersive bistability has its origin in the dependence of the refractive index on carrier density, temperature and optical power. Hysteresis curves have been measured by changing the injection current or by tuning the dispersive element. We have found a threshold in the injection current for the onset of the hysteretic behaviour. Moreover, a theoretical model has been established to explain the essential features of the experimental results. Hysteresis cycles for different experiments have been calculated.
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    Tunable large angular aperture TeO2 acousto-optic filters for use in the 1.0–1.6 μm region (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 413-417 
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    Notes: Abstract The design of tunable large angular aperture TeO2 noncollinear acousto-optic filters for use in the 1.0–1.6μm region is discussed. It is shown that it is possible to maximize the angular aperture of such a filter by the correct choice of the direction for the acoustic wave vector and that this required direction is independent of the operating wavelength in the range 1.0–1.6μm. The theoretical model adopted is verified by comparison with experimentally measured filter characteristics and the design of filters with narrow bandwidths and low power requirements is discussed.
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    Statistical and coherence effects in nonlinear optical parametric up conversion. II. Incoherent interaction (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 433-444 
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    Notes: Abstract Parametric up conversion (PUC) by incoherent nonlinear optical mixing of second-order coherent strong pumping radiation and another weak chaotic input radiation with a finite spectral width is treated in the second part of this paper. The efficiency of PUC is calculated in the second approximation of the iterative method. It is shown that in the case of perfect phase matching the efficiency of PUC decreases with increase of both the spectral width of the input radiation and the dispersion of medium, whilst at considerable values of phase mismatch the reverse effect appears. The spectral distribution of the resulting sum-frequency radiation is calculated in the first approximation of the iterative method. There is a general tendency to narrowing of the spectral distribution of the generated radiation in the course of PUC. Moreover, when there is a phase mismatch present, a spectral shift of the central maximum of generated radiation towards the blue or red region, according to the signs of the phase mismatch and the typical dispersion coefficient, appears in the later phases of the PUC.
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    Second harmonic generation with noncollinear focusing (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 467-474 
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    Notes: Abstract The propagation of off-axis Gaussian beams through an optical system is described in the paraxial approximation. The formulae for the second harmonic power for stationary focused noncollinear SHG is given. Numerical results and analytical approximations for limiting cases are provided. The theory is applied to the problem of background of noncollinear SHG in pulse duration measurement techniques.
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    Ion aging effects on the dissociative-attachment instability in CO2 lasers (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 501-513 
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    Notes: Abstract Onset of the dissociative-attachment instability requires that the rate coefficient for electron detachment (k d) from negative ions be below a critical value. The predominant negative and positive ions in a CO2∶N2∶He gas-discharge plasma are known to change with time. As secondary by-products form and the predominant negative-ion species changes from CO 3 − to NO 2 − , a decrease ink d occurs destabilizing the discharge. Since NO 2 − and NO 3 − are largely unreactive with respect to associative detachment,k d depends in a sensitive fashion on the concentration of certain minority negative ions (O−, O 2 − ) and neutrals (CO, O, N). The sufficient conditions for the dissociative-attachment instability are much less sensitive to changes in the electron-ion and ion-ion recombination rate coefficients resulting from the ion aging process.
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    Simultaneous diffraction of two waves at a reflection volume hologram (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 539-546 
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    Notes: Abstract Based on the theory of coupled waves the simultaneous diffraction of two waves at a plane dielectric reflection volume hologram is described. By analogy to the transmission volume grating the intensities of the output beams strongly depend on the phase shift between the incident waves and the phase shift of the grating with respect to the interference structure of the read-out waves. This gives the possibility of transferring the incident energy from one wave into the other and can be used for the modulation or deflection of the reconstructed beams. The separate determination of the different kinds of phase shifts by intensity or phase measurements is discussed.
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    Spectral properties of dye lasers (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 393-411 
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    Notes: Abstract Starting from conventional rate equations describing the multimode operation of a laser with a broad homogeneous emission line, a system of approximately valid equations, suitable for both analytical and numerical studies of the spectral properties of laser radiation not too far from threshold, has been derived by introducing equations of motion for the spatial Fourier components of the inversion densityN(z, t), thus replacing the equation of motion forN(z, t) itself. Analytical solutions for steady-state operation were found and physically discussed in the following cases: (a) ring laser, (b) jet-stream laser with the active medium positioned either near one of the (Fabry-Perot) resonator mirrors or in the centre of the resonator, and (c) laser with a Fabry-Perot resonator completely filled with the active medium. The spectra thus calculated indicate that spatial hole burning is most efficient in providing mode co-existence in configuration (c), where it gives rise to a significant bandwidth. It is of minor importance, however, in case (b), where the spectrum differs only slightly from that of a ring laser, which is clearly free from hole-burning effects.
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    The third-order electric susceptibilities of NaCl and KCl monocrystals (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 443-447 
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    Notes: Abstract The dispersion of the third-order electric susceptibilitiesχ(ω; ω, ω, −ω) andχ(ω; ω, 0, 0) of NaCl and KCl monocrystals has been calculated by means of experimental data on the electro-optic Kerr effect. The result has been obtained by using semi-classical models of anharmonic oscillators. An ionic contribution to the electro-optic coefficients has been presented. From the result obtained it follows that the third-order electric susceptibilities are of the order of 10−22 m2 V−2.
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    Optical beam and pulse propagation in inhomogeneous media. Application to multimode parabolic-index waveguides (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 463-475 
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    Notes: Abstract The integrals-of-motion method, the coherent states method, the method of the dynamical symmetry group, as well as the density matrix formalism, are used for the description of paraxial optical beam and pulse propagation in a weakly inhomogeneous medium. The formalism developed is then applied to a parabolic-index medium with bent axis of symmetry in which the index distribution varies along the direction of propagation. Expressions for beam trajectory and width as well as for r.m.s. pulse width are obtained. It is shown that certain particular longitudinal dependences of the index distribution function do not influence beam parameters. This phenomenon is used to achieve matching when two different parabolic-index waveguides are to be butt-joined. The connection of two parabolic-index waveguides with axis displacement is also discussed as an example and comparison between theoretical results and experimental data is made.
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    Phase-conjugate reflection through degenerate four-wave mixing in gallium phosphide (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 81-84 
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    High-order comb spectrum from stimulated raman scattering in a silica-core fibre (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 92-93 
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    On the influence of spatial hole-burning on mode selection and mode synchronization in a CW laser (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 145-155 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of spatial saturation modulation of both the amplifier and absorber in a laser with a Fabry-Perot resonator, and of the associated Bragg-reflection, on the frequency-dependent losses necessary for single-frequency operation, as well as on the frequency synchronization of three modes, has been examined. Conditions for mode selection and mode synchronization are given. To achieve single-frequency operation in a laser with a Fabry-Perot resonator the loss difference between the mode to be selected and modes to be quenched has to be proportional to the Bragg losses of the selected mode suffered by its self-induced grating. The proportionality factor depends on the length and position of the amplifier in the cavity. In the case of a short amplifier and a short absorber inside the resonator, the discussion of conditions for synchronization of three modes shows that the synchronization regime is also determined by the position of the absorber.
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    Simple dispersion measurement of a long-span, single-mode fibre using the longitudinal mode spacing of a semiconductor laser (1982)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 183-187 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple method for measuring dispersion in long-span single-mode fibre, by using directly modulated multi-longitudinal mode semiconductor lasers, is proposed. Experimental values for single-mode fibre dispersion over a 44.3km span at 1.1 and 1.5μm are 19 and 17 ps km−1 nm−1, respectively, and are in good agreement with Gloge's theory. The zero-dispersion wavelength estimated from the experimental results is about 1.28μm, 8 nm shorter than the theoretical value.
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    Analyse perturbative des caractéristiques de propagation des fibres optiques à gradient d'indice quasi-parabolique (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 41-49 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple perturbation theory, based on the scalar wave analysis, has been used to study the propagation characteristics of radially inhomogeneous lossless fibres. The formalism has been developed with a truncated parabolic-index profile as the zero-order solution and the perturbation approach is valid for azimuthally symmetric or anti-symmetric modes near cut-off as well as far from cut-off. In addition, numerical calculations have been carried out forα-profiles and have been found to be in good agreement with more rigorous calculations reported by previous authors.
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    Bend radiation of optical fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 1-7 
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    Notes: Abstract Theoretical and experimental investigations of the radiation far field from a curved optical fibre have been carried out for the lowest order LP-modes. The investigations concern the characteristics of pure bend loss radiation in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the bend. Possible applications involving the bend radiation are briefly discussed.
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    On the generation of picosecond light continua depending on various nonlinear processes (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 9-15 
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    Notes: Abstract The generation of picosecond light continua depends on various nonlinear processes such as parametric four-photon interaction, self-phase modulation, self-focusing, and avalanche ionization. In order to systematize the influence of these processes we have indicated both the threshold for continuum generation measured by various authors and the threshold for the nonlinear processes in a power diameter diagram characterizing the laser beam. The result is that all the thresholds for continuum measured under very different experimental conditions are situated nearly on one curve given by the nonlinear process with the lowest threshold. We have carried out measurements on the spectral energy distribution and on the angular distribution of the continuum generated in water and alkali halides by a mode-locked single-pulse Nd-glass laser. Under our experimental conditions both self-phase modulation and parametric four-photon interaction contribute to continuum generation.
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    Distinction of the competing processes in nonlinear resonant frequency mixing in atoms (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 35-40 
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    Notes: Abstract A coherent transient response technique is applied, for the first time, to distinguish between the influence of competing processes such as saturation of atomic transition and effects due to laser-induced nonlinear polarization on nonlinear resonant mixing. Experimental research is performed for the 3s–5s two-photon transition in sodium vapour. Delaying the probe picosecond pulse after the exciting one, variations of efficiency and phase-matched ratio upon incident intensity and exciting wavelength are investigated.
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    Perturbation analysis of clad parabolic-index waveguides (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 51-56 
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    Notes: Abstract A first-order perturbation technique is used to obtain the eigenfunction correction due to the cladding in a square-law dielectric waveguide. Regions both near to and far from cut-off are considered separately. It is shown that far from cut-off the fractional power carried by the guide core increases over that in the homogeneous case but that near cut-off the power in the core is less than in a homogeneous guide. Thus the stability of the modal power with variation of wavelength is increased over that in a homogeneous guide.
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    Influence of fluctuations of a laser pump on the intensity correlation of resonance fluorescence radiation (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 65-76 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of fluctuations of a relatively weak laser pump on the intensity correlation of resonance fluorescence radiation is studied for a laser acting both below and above the threshold. Below the threshold the radiation of the laser is characterized by Gaussian properties causing non-factorization of the intensity correlation function. Above the threshold the laser shows non-linear filter properties and, therefore, the deviation of the exact intensity correlation function from its factorized value is small.
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    Effects of thin film overlays on the mode properties of ion-exchanged guide (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 80-83 
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    Fibre switch of 1*93: an experimental trial (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 87-90 
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    On-line codes for digital optical communications (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 91-93 
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    Phenomenological rules for the computation of magneto-electric susceptibilities (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 103-107 
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    Notes: Abstract Applying the model of the anharmonic oscillator, phenomenological expressions were derived, allowing calculation of the components of tensors describing non-linear magneto-electric susceptibilities. Detailed calculations were carried out for the pseudo-tensor of fourth order ηeeem in terms of which magneto-optical birefringence and rotation are expressed for the monocrystals KDP, DKDP, ADP, KDA, LiNbO3, LiTaO3 and NaClO3. From the results obtained it follows that non-linear magneto-electric susceptibilities, which are described by the pseudo-tensor ηeeem are of the order of 10−16 m V−1T−1.
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    Pulse propagation in optical fibres with index profiles slowly varying along their length (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 281-290 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the formalism for calculating the effect of profile variations along the fibre on transit times and path parameters for rays in multimode fibres. The ideal case of power-law profiles is considered in detail and it is shown that when the exponentq is given byq=q 0+εf (z), the fibre may be described by an equivalent exponentq e. Simple formulae forq e in terms of the average properties off(z) are given. The ray parameter $$\tilde \beta $$ varies and this is shown to have only a minor effect on transit time, but does imply that some rays suffer an attenuation whenε≠0. If the amount of dopant in any crosssection is assumed constant, the fibre radius must vary whenq varies and profiles with this attribute are examined and shown to have ray behaviour similar to that described above.
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    An optimized technique for backscatter attenuation measurements in optical fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 169-178 
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    Notes: Abstract A technique which gives maximum range and sensitivity for estimating fibre attenuation from the backscattered light has been evolved. With this technique stability problems in the source and receiver are overcome by taking two different time samples for each pulse launched into the fibre, the attenuation being derived from the ratio of the two samples. An analysis indicates that an optimum operating strategy exists in terms of the choice of system parameters such that the range over which attenuation can be measured is maximized. Results indicate that local loss measurements can be performed on fibre sections which are remote from the source by a distance corresponding to a fibre attenuation of 27 dB. Furthermore, preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability of the technique.
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    Optical waveguide theory (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 187-191 
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    Notes: Abstract This report summarizes the activites at the 4th International Workshop on Optical Waveguide Theory, held at Leuwenhorst Holland on 13–16 September 1979.
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    Intrinsic noise of semiconductor lasers in optical communication systems (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 207-219 
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    Notes: Abstract The upper limit of the achievable signal-to-noise ratio in optical communication systems is determined by the intrinsic laser noise due to quantum fluctuations inside the laser cavity. This achievable signal-to-noise ratio depends on the way in which different lasing modes are detected; wavelength filtering and material dispersion may yield a significant deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio. It is concluded from theoretical calculations and from measurements on V-groove lasers that a d.c. signal-to-noise ratio of about 70 dB may be achieved for a noise bandwidth of 10 MHz.
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    Theory of electric field-induced optical second harmonic generation in semiconductors (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 199-205 
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    Notes: Abstract The nonlinear optical coefficientd ij(kl) (2ω, 0,ω, ω) for electric field-induced optical second harmonic generation in semiconductors is calculated by means of a perturbation treatment. The result is given directly as a Brillouin zone integral over a resonant energy denominator. A simplified energy band structure model is used to carry out the Brillouin zone integral. The analytic closed-form expression ford ij(kl) (2ω, 0,ω, ω) thus obtained permits the calculation of the absolute value of its spectrum from available energy band parameters. The dispersion ofd 11(11) (2ω, 0,ω, ω) of Ge is numerically calculated, second harmonic photon energies being close to theE 0 andE 1 gaps. The results show pronounced resonant behaviours.
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    A ray approach to scattering in optical fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 221-230 
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    Notes: Abstract The problem of scattering in optical fibres is approached by means of a ray theory and by considering both the parameters that characterize each ray congruence. Starting from a general transport equation a two-variable diffusion equation is derived and its field of validity is discussed. Preliminary results (steadystate power distribution among ray congruences; steady-state attenuation and steady-state length) are given in some simple but common cases. These results permit interesting comparisons with other theories.
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    Wide-band optical fibre local distribution systems (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 353-381 
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    Notes: Abstract The concept of a wide-band optical local network is presented and the technical aspects are discussed in detail. The types of service are outlined and grouped according to the requirements for transmission capacity. The components available and their characteristics are presented. The modulation characteristics of the semiconductor laser are scrutinized and show that the laser is unfit for high-quality analogue intensity modulation. The aspects of digital and analogue transmission of television are examined and compared. Analogue transmission can provide transmission of only a few TV channels at the present level of quality whereas digital transmission can provide improved quality with a comfortable system margin. However, none of the schemes are suited for simultaneous transmission of many TV channels, which shows that the direct optical equivalent of a conventional CATV network cannot yet be constructed. The concepts of central switching and customer switching are outlined together with the options for multiplexing and network structure. Finally a review is made of known activities. The review covers eleven studied, planned and implemented experimental networks. Nearly all of the networks employ central switching. The older experiments use exclusively analogue transmission whereas there is a growing tendency to use digital transmission in recently planned networks.
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    An acousto-optic modulator for a CO2 laser rangefinder using heterodyne detection (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 419-426 
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    Notes: Abstract The ability to superimpose arbitrary modulation waveforms on a CW laser beam makes the acoustooptic modulator suitable for an important task: to apply modern microwave radar electronic signalprocessing and signal-generation techniques to heterodyne CO2 laser radar systems. The fundamental constraints on modulator design are first presented graphically in a novel treatment. The fabrication of 50–70 MHz germanium-lithium niobate modulators for a CO2 laser radar is then described. Experimental measurements of efficiency (about 4% per electrical watt transducer input power) and rise time (∼ 40 ns) are finally presented.
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    Polarization filtering in strip-guides (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 427-433 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The application of the cut-off effect in the building of polarizers in strip-guides is investigated. Different structures, already realized in the case of slab-guides, are considered. The dispersion curves of ion-exchanged glass strip-guides were computed by the effective-index method and were then used to model the investigated structures. The results obtained show that a cut-off polarizer can be relatively easily constructed in a strip-guide with only one transverse mode. In the multimode case the application of the investigated structures is often complicated and sometimes impossible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620102
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  • 94
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    Polarization mode coupling in long single-mode fibres (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 449-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we look at the polarization state evolution of light propagating in long, birefringent, single-mode fibres in the presence of mode coupling. We show first that there always exist two orthogonal linear input polarizations which lead to linear output polarization for monochromatic light. The applicability of the coupled power equations is discussed and it is shown that they cannot be used with only two propagating modes. A more detailed analysis is then carried out for a uniform coupling and the effect of the spectral width of the source is investigated. Some insight into the time-dependent propagation is also given. Experimental results illustrate the theoretical considerations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619919
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  • 95
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    Kinetic modelling of a fast-axial-flow CO2 laser (1982)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 25-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A six-temperature Boltzmann-equilibrium kinetics model has been developed for simulating the performance of fast-axial-flow, longitudinal-discharge CO2 lasers. The model includes the effects of electrical excitation, VV and VT collisional relaxation, thermal energy transport, distributed optical losses, and coherent radiation extraction for a CO2/N2/He/H2O mixture. Numerical predictions from the model are compared with experimental results obtained with a 2.5 kW device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620907
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  • 96
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    Optically induced spatial instability in twin-stripe-geometry lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The use of light injection to modify the lateral gain profile in twin-stripe injection lasers is described and consequent movement of the lasing optical field is demonstrated. A method of quantifying the sensitivity of the device to light injection is described and used to examine the dependence of optical instability upon injection current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620370
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  • 97
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    A plane wave derivation of the Bragg acoustooptic equations and their application to the scattering of finite-width optical beams (1982)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The equations describing the interaction between an optical beam and an acoustic wave are derived using plane waves derived from elementary scattering sources. The results obtained are in good agreement with other well-known methods such as the differential difference equation approach. The equations are applied to the acousto-optic interaction in the weak and strong approximations and also to the scattering of finite-width optical beams with rectangular and Gaussian profiles. It is shown that in both cases the second or backscattered beam (A′ 0) produces a substantial modification in the through beam (A 0) resulting in an intensity null at some point in the beam profile. Equations are derived for the diffraction efficiency in finite-width beams and it is shown that in order to achieve maximum efficiencies it is essential to use small values of the parameter γ =Lθ B/W.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619599
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  • 98
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    Diffusion and waveguiding effects in twin-stripe injection lasers (1982)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of the twin-stripe injection laser are examined as functions of two parameters governing diffusion and waveguiding effects in the device. The carrier diffusion rate, as determined by the ambipolar diffusion coefficient,D, is shown to influence the current range over which lasing action is maintained. The curvature of the nonlinear portion of the light-current characteristic of the device is also changed asD is altered. It is found that the relative strengths of the guiding mechanisms acting upon the optical field further influence the characteristics of the structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620369
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  • 99
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    Anomalous absorption in volume gratings: a modal approach (1982)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 277-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619607
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  • 100
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    Dichromated gelatin for volume holographic recording with high sensitivity. Part I (1982)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 14 (1982), S. 311-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dichromated gelatin would be the most suitable irreversible medium for holographic recording but for its low sensitivity. The efficiency of the photoinduced reduction of the chromium ion increases considerably if superfine grains of silver halide crystals are present in the layer. The light sensitivity achieved is about 10 times better than that of dichromated gelatin layers, obtained and processed in the conventional way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619741
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