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  • Articles  (3,007)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3,007)
  • Springer  (3,007)
  • American Institute of Physics
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  • 1989  (1,506)
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  • Articles  (3,007)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989  (1,506)
  • 1975-1979  (1,501)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of FIR filters with reduced computations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a symmetric nonrecursive filter can be improved by multiple use of the same filter. The method is based on an Amplitude Change Function (ACF). An approach to the design of nonrecursive filters using an ACF is discussed in this paper. The prototype filter chosen is a Recursive Running Sum (RRS) filter which does not require any multipliers for its implementation. The required filter specifications are met by multiple use of the RRS filters. The overall filter requires a much smaller number of multiplications and adders than the one designed using the conventional method. It is shown that this method provides reduced noise due to coefficient quantization and product quantization compared with the conventional design technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598743
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical analysis of two nonlinear least-squares estimators of sine-wave parameters in the colored-noise case (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper establishes the large-sample accuracy properties of two nonlinear least-squares estimators (NLSE) of sine-wave parameters: the basic NLSE, which ignores the possible correlation of the noise, and the optimal NLSE, which, besides the sine-wave parameters, also estimates the noise correlation (appropriately parametrized). It is shown that these two NLS estimators have thesame accuracy in large samples. This result provides complete justification for preferring the computationally less expensive basic NLSE over the “optimal” NLSE. Both estimators are shown to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) as the sample size increases. A simple explicit expression for the CRB matrix is provided, which should be useful in studying the performance of sine-wave parameter estimators designed to work in the colored-noise case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598742
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of two-dimensional losslessm-Ports with prescribed scattering matrix (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 97-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Multidimensional lossless networks are of special interest for use as reference structures for multidimensional wave digital filters [l]–[3]. The starting point of the presented synthesis procedure for two-dimensional representatives of the networks mentioned is a scattering matrix description of the desired multiport. This given matrix is assumed to have those properties which have turned out to be necessary [9], [10] for any scattering matrix of a multidimensional lossless network. The method presented for the synthesis of 2-D reactancem-ports is based mainly on known properties of block-companion matrices and the factorization of a univariable rational matrix which is discrete para-Hermitian and nonnegative definite on the unit circle. The resulting network always contains only a minimal number of frequency-dependent building elements. No restrictions are made concerning the coefficients of the rational entries of the scattering matrix; they may be either real or complex, so as to include even complex networks which are of special interest for multi-dimensional wave digital filters [3].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598747
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systems which possessg- andh- Representations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 145-162 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Examples are given concerning the range of applicability of recent representation results that provide a means of studying the input-output properties of nonlinear systems in terms of the familiar impulse-response concept, and which extend the concept of integral transformation to nonlinear maps. We show that such representations, which we call “g-” and “h-representations,” exist for important classes of systems governed by nonlinear integral equations. In particular, it is proved that a large class of maps that have Volterra series representations also have these representations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599935
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pseudorandom sequence of arrays (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 133-144 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pseudorandom (or maximal length) sequences and arrays have been known for a long time, and have been reported by several authors. Pseudorandom volumes have also been mentioned. This paper presents a different type of sequence of arrays in which the arrays share many properties with the pseudorandom arrays of the literature, and the sequence (or group) of arrays has many properties in common with the pseudorandom sequences. It is proposed that this set of arrays be called a “pseudorandom sequence of arrays,” or PRSAs. Some interesting properties of the PRSA as well as its practical (hardware) implementation have been mentioned. It has also been shown that our result is a special case of the generalN(3)/D(3) case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599934
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A recursive parameter estimator yielding exponential convergence under sufficient excitation (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 207-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract For linear time-invariant discrete-time systems, an exponentially convergent recursive parameter identification scheme is derived requiring only that the regression vector be sufficiently exciting, that is the sum of the outer products of the regression vector is eventually positive definite. The algorithm produces a parameter estimate that converges to the batch-form (nonrecursive) least-squares estimate without requiring a persistent excitation. The rate of convergence can be selected as a design parameter. If the regression vector is persistently exciting, it is shown that a forgetting factor can be added to the formulation in such a way that the magnitude of the forgetting factor and the rate of exponential convergence can be set separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599938
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image modeling and restoration: A new approach (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 229-229 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599939
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some circuits and systems applications of semistate theory (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 235-260 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The semistate theory of circuits and systems is reviewed with regard to its applications. Among these latter discussed are electronic circuit design and analysis, hysteresis, knot generation, neural networks, and constrained robot characterizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598413
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    On Hautus-type conditions for controllability of implicit linear discrete-time systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 289-298 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Four notions of controllability for general (i.e., possibly nonregular) implicit linear discrete-time systems are considered. Relationships between them are studied. A Hautus-type characterization of all of these notions is also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598416
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  • 10
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    Strategies for finite-time control in singular systems in open- and closed-loop configurations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 299-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new concept of system equivalence which allows the establishment of a formal relation between singular and regular systems has been introduced. By applying this concept, an open-loop strategy for finite-time control of a given solvable singular system, which is simple for both computation and implementation, is developed. A strategy for finite-time output feedback control is considered for a continuous singular system. It is shown that provided the system is observable, a desired polynomial command for finite-time control can be determined from a finite sequence of output measurements sampled at discrete instants of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598417
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Reachability, observability, and minimality for shift-invariant two-point boundary-value descriptor systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 313-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study the system-theoretic properties of two related classes of shift-invariant two-point boundary-value descriptor systems (TPBVDSs), namelydisplacement systems for which Green's function is shift-invariant, andstationary systems for which the input-output map is stationary. For such systems it is possible to obtain detailed characterizations of the properties of weak reachability and observability introduced in [16] and of minimality as well. An important difference, that has also been noted before in a different context [9], is that there is a certain level of nonuniqueness in minimal realizations. Another property that is studied in this paper is that of extendibility, i.e., the concept of considering a TPBVDS as being defined on a sequence of intervals of increasing length. Necessary and sufficient conditions for extendibility are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598418
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Call for papers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598422
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Signal scaling in cascade digital filters (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 421-426 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Scaling of filter variables is central to fixed-point implementation of digital filters. A simple method of scaling based on scaling constants of individual sections of a cascade digital filter is presented. The proposed method saves much computational labor in the implementation of higher-order digital filters. Maximal amplitude expressions of second-order filter transfer functions are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599763
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Zero-input limit cycles and stability in second-order fixed-point digital filters with two magnitude truncation quantizers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 427-433 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of second-order direct-form digital filters with two magnitude truncation quantizers. Zero-input stability is proved for the parameter regions where no conclusion can be drawn using the methods previously suggested in the literature. The areas of the parameter plane in which only limit cycles of period 1 or 2 exist, are determined and related to the cycle amplitudes. Finally, a transition graph is suggested to study the convergence patterns of the filter output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599764
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Analysis of a digital PLL Markov model (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 467-486 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The work of digital PLL is analysed. For this analysis a Markov model is used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599768
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-multiplier adaptive lattice algorithm for recursive filters (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 455-466 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The formulation of one-multiplier lattice structures of the Gray-Markel type forinfinite impulse response filters is reviewed. Several special cases of this formulation — including the well-known Gray-Markel normalized lattice—are presented as scaled polynomial versions of the two-multiplier lattice. A new adaptive algorithm is presented for updating the parameters of one-multiplier lattice structured recursive filters. The LMS-based algorithm requires fewer computations than earlier reported algorithms [1]–[4].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599767
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  • 17
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    Computation of minimal-order realizations of generalized state-space systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 49-70 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider the problem of obtaining minimal-order representations of generalized state-space systems described by equations of the formE x(t)=A x(t)+B u(t),y(t)=C x(t)+D u(t) withE singular and det(sE−A)≠0. The underlying principle is that of removal of impulsive and exponential uncontrollable and unobservable modes. When this is followed by the removal of the remaining impulsive modes, we get a minimal-order generalized or standard state-space representation. Simple reduction procedures and numerical algorithms based on these principles are developed and illustrated by means of two numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598745
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation for boundary-value descriptor systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 25-48 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider models for noncausal processes consisting of discrete-time descriptor dynamics and boundary conditions on the values of the process at the two ends of the interval on which the process is defined. We discuss the general solution and well-posedness of systems of this type and then apply the method of complementary processes to obtain a specification of the optimal smoother in terms of a boundary-value descriptor Hamiltonian system. We then study the implementation of the optimal smoother. Motivated by the Hamiltonian diagonalization results for nondescriptor systems, we show how the descriptor Hamiltonian dynamics can be transformed to two lower-order systems by the use of transformation matrices involving the solution of two generalized Riccati equations. We present several examples illustrating our results and the nature of the smoothing solution and also present equations for covariance analysis of boundary-value descriptor processes including the smoothing error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598744
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Call for papers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598748
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  • 20
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    On the reducibility of centrosymmetric matrices — Applications in engineering problems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 71-96 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The structure inherent to the centrosymmetric matrices is exploited to obtain factorization results leading to significant computational savings in many engineering applications. Several interesting properties of the matrices are discussed with a view toward algorithm computational complexity. It is shown that the multiplicative complexity involved in the process of principal component (eigen-value/eigenvector) extraction, and in the evaluation of the determinant and inverse of such matrices, can be reduced by nearly 75% by employing the results presented here. The theory presented hereunifies andgeneralizes previous computationally efficient results onseveral specialized generalized centrosymmetric matrices; for example, the class of symmetric centrosymmetric (or doubly symmetric) matrices is shown to be a special case of the class of centrosymmetric matrices, and since the results obtained here are applicable over the field of complex numbers, the factorization results available for centrosymmetric matrices are readilyextended to the complex field. The centrosymmetric matrices play an important role in a number of areas such as pattern recognition, antenna theory, mechanical and electrical systems, and quantum physics. Specific examples of pattern recognition feature selection, a uniform linear antenna array, vibration in structures, and the quantummechanical oscillator are discussed to demonstrate that the theory developed here has a wide range of applications. In addition, certain specialized cases of the centrosymmetric matrices have, in the past, proved their indisputable usefulness in the areas of communication theory, digital filters, linear systems, linear prediction, and speech analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598746
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  • 21
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    Stability tests for singular cases of discrete systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 123-132 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The well-known Jury and Blanchard's stability test for discrete systems is with an array of (2n−3) rows of elements. Raible simplified Jury and Blanchard's array to (n+1) rows by introducing an additional element at the end of each row. Chen and Chan recently derived a Liapunov function through Schwarz' transform to prove the criterion directly and to produce a very compact form. The purpose of this paper is to explore the various singular cases by using the newly established Chen-Chan criterion. Some existing methods for studying singular cases are re-examined under the light shed by Chen and Chan. A by-product is to define and to determine the relative stability of discrete systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599933
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  • 22
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    Investigation of the mathematical properties of a new negative resistance oscillator model (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 187-205 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new negative resistance oscillator model was proposed by Walker and Connelly. We investigate the mathematical properties of the associated nonlinear differential equation for a single-mode LCR network oscillator. In particular, we prove that under suitable conditions, small-amplitude stable limit-cycle oscillations can occur. The method of harmonic balance is used to calculate an analytic approximation to the limit-cycle parameters. Also, the general properties of trajectories in phase-space are presented. These predictions are compared with the results obtained by numerical integration of the differential equation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599937
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  • 23
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    Block decomposition structures for the fast modular implementation of two-dimensional digital filters (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 163-185 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A general structure is presented for the block realization of two-dimensional infinite impulse response digital filters, which is based on the two-dimensional matrix convolution equations and the decomposition of their associated transfer function matrices. The proposed decomposition may be considered as an extension of the scalar decomposition technique, which has already been used for the realization of two-dimensional digital filters associated with two-variable polynomials. The decomposition structure is considered in two different forms, which correspond to the direct forms I and II. It is shown that if a given two-dimensional single-input, single-output filter is realizable, then realizable block decomposition structures may be always selected. The proposed approach is general and applies without any restriction for the block implementation of any two-dimensional filter. The resulting structures are characterized by high inherent parallelism, modularity, regularity, reconfigurability, local interconnections, and very high sampling and throughput rates. Thus they are well suited for VLSI implementation and implementation via multiprocessor systems and array processors, such as systolic and wavefront arrays.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599936
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  • 24
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    Call for papers (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01599940
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  • 25
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    Editorial (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 231-231 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598411
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  • 26
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    Editorial: A new vocabulary for system theory? (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 233-234 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598412
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  • 27
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    Distributional convergence of BDF approximations to solutions of descriptor systems (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 261-265 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract It has been observed that the backward differentiation approximation to the solutions ofEx′+Fx =f can fail to converge even pointwise in an initial boundary layer. This paper shows that the approximations converge in a distributional sense even if the exact solution is also distributional.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598414
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  • 28
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    Stability analysis of singular systems (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 267-287 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with a refined qualitative analysis of motions of a broad class of continuous time-varying nonlinear singular differential systems. These systems consist of a finite number of first-order differential equations that cannot be set into the normal form. Some novel qualitative concepts, convenient for the description of solutions of singular systems, are introduced and analyzed. These concepts involve some inherent properties of singular systems. General sufficient conditions for these concepts are derived in terms of the existence of a suitable Lyapunov function. Also, for the subclass of singular systems considered, the construction of a Lyapunov function candidate that can be effectively applied in the analysis is proposed. The results obtained generalize some known results in stability theory.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598415
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  • 29
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    Fundamental matrix of discrete singular systems (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 341-355 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this paper is to make clear the fundamental importance of thefundamental matrix ϕ k in the analysis of linear discrete-time singular systems. We relateϕ k to the coefficientsR k of the adjoint matrix (zE-A)−1, find an autoregressive recursion for theϕ k , and give the solution of the singular semistate equation in terms ofϕ k . Also discussed are thesemistatetransition matrix and the singular systemTschirnhausen polynomials. We close by giving a stable numerical technique for the computation of the sequenceϕ k that is based on first taking the pencilzE-A to triangular form.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01598419
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  • 30
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    Infinite elementary divisors of polynomial matrices and impulsive solutions of linear homogeneous matrix differential equations (1989)
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 357-373 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Impulsive solutions of linear homogeneous matrix differential equations are re-examined in the light of the theory of Jordan chains that correspond to infinite elementary divisors of the associated polynomial matrix. Infinite elementary divisors of general polynomial matrices are defined and their relation to the pole-zero structure of polynomial matrices at infinity is examined. It is shown that impulsive solutions are due to Jordan chains of a “dual” polynomial matrix that correspond to infinite elementary divisors that are associated with the orders of “zeros at infinity” of the original matrix.
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    Geometric theory and feedback invariants of generalized linear systems: A matrix pencil approach (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 375-397 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Generalized linear systems are classified according to their algebraic structure and their regularizability and normalizability properties under generalized state feedback are investigated. New feedback invariants are introduced in terms of the input-space restriction pencil and the Plücker matrix of the system. It is shown that the classification of subspaces of the state space of generalized linear systems is reduced to an equivalent problem of classifying the subspacesV of the domain of an ordered pair (F, G), F, Gεℝm×n. The set of strict equivalence invariants of the restriction pencil (F, G)/V provides a complete, basis-free algebraic characterization and leads to the definition of notions of geometric invariance. The key geometric notions that emerge are those of (F, G)-, (G, F)-, complete-(F, G)-, partitioned(F, G)-, cyclic-, and semicyclic-invariant subspaces. A complete set of geometric algorithms leading to the computation of the above families is also given. The above families of invariant subspaces are characterized in terms of the invariants of (F, G)/V, and this provides the links with their dynamic characterization. These results provide an “open-loop” or “feedback-free” unifying treatment of spaces of generalized systems, which for the case of proper systems is reduced to the standard geometric theory results.
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    Fast prime factor decomposition algorithms for a family of discrete trigonometric transforms (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 401-419 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper develops a set of fast prime factor decomposition algorithms (PFDAs) for a family of discrete trigonometric transforms of sizeN, whereN is a product of two relatively prime integers. Relevant equations for the PFDAs are derived. Computational procedures are presented followed by a specific example forN= 12. The input and output index mappings necessary for the algorithm are obtained and the computational complexity is briefly outlined.
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    The difference between regularity and irregularity in singular systems (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 435-444 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the studies of singular systems regularity is often presumed although it may not be satisfied in some real cases. Therefore, natural questions are: What is the difference between regularity and irregularity? How far can we go from regularity to irregularity in the studies of singular systems? This paper partially answers these questions. The results show that the concepts of reachability, controllability, and observability for regular systems can be easily extended to irregular cases. There is minor difference between regular and irregular singular systems. Thus the assumption of regularity is reasonable.
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    Modified design of high-order 1-D all-pass recursive digital filters (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 445-453 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract An optimization method is proposed for the design of high-order all-pass delay equalizers for a prescribed group-delay characteristic by using the cascade form realization of digital filters. Unlike other methods, in the proposed method stability is guaranteed by imposing certain mild constraints on the filter coefficients so that the unconstrained optimization technique of Fletcher and Powell is used. To reduce the function minimization time, design values of the parameters of the delay equalizers, obtained by Bernhardt's simplified method, are used as the initial vector in the optimization technique of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method for the design of optimal delay equalizers results in all classes of equalizers with real and complex poles and approximates the prescribed group delay more accurately.
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    Call for papers (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. I 
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    Realizations of nonlinear systems (1989)
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    Circuits, systems and signal processing 8 (1989), S. 487-506 
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    ISSN: 1531-5878
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Given the Volterra series representation of a single input, single output nonlinear system, we examine conditions on the Volterra kernels that determine if the system is in some sense equivalent to a linear system. The systems considered herein are known as “feedback linearizable” systems. Feedback linearizable systems are usually discussed in terms of their state-space representations. A key result relates the Volterra series description of a feedback linearizable system to its state-space description.
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    Tunnelling rays in graded-index fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 83-93 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the role of tunnelling rays in pulse propagation in graded-index fibres is presented. Tunnelling ray attenuation is handled by using the generalized parameter technique which allows attenuation coefficients to be dispensed with and relevant families of tunnelling rays to be identified. Results are given for impulse response pulse widths and shapes. Incorporation of tunnelling ray pulse contributions into the formalism for determining optimum refractive-index profiles is presented. For most cases, tunnelling ray effects are small, but significant corrections may be necessary when measurements are made on short lengths of fibre.
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    Efficient fifth order non-linear process by focused beam in metal vapour (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 131-138 
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    Notes: Abstract Fifth order non-linear processes produced by a focused beam in metal vapour have been investigated experimentally. Evidence of saturation of fifth harmonic generation by picosecond laser pulses is reported.
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    Theory of power coupling between multimode optical fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 107-117 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper power coupling between two multimode optical fibres is investigated. A formalism (based on a geometrical approach) suitable for analysing any coupling configuration between fibres with any index profile and any radiance distribution is presented. The model is applied to obtain coupling losses both in uniformly excited parabolic- and step-index fibres, in the presence of all kinds of coupling errors. Numerical results of extensive utility are shown and useful asymptotic expressions of coupling efficiency, valid for small values of coupling error parameters, are derived together with some practical rules for error combination. Mention is also made of some experimental results we have obtained, which corroborate some previous assertions. The work can supply a useful tool in the design of joints and connectors between single fibres or optical cables.
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    Anomalous polarization dependence of the photon drag and optical rectification fields inn-type gallium phosphide (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 153-161 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photon drag and optical rectification response fromn-type gallium phosphide containing 2.4×1016 electrons cm−3 has been studied using laser sources at 10.61 and 2.83μm. By using different contact configurations, the existence of an additional electric field term in the propagation direction has been deduced. This field is shown to arise from the spatial derivatives of the photon drag and optical rectification field components caused by absorption of the radiation. The importance of this effect in detector design is considered.
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    Diffraction efficiency of sequentially stored gratings in reflection volume holograms (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 171-178 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of the theory of coupled waves the amplitudes of the first-order diffracted waves and the diffraction efficiency is calculated for sequentially superposed phase gratings stored in dielectric reflection holograms. The investigations are restricted to the case of a fixed reference wave during recording and Bragg-angle incidence. By analogy to the transmission volume grating the coupling effects which appear between incident beams and diffracted waves give the possibility of building up beam-couplers and -splitters with certain coupling parameters determined by the recording process. Moreover, reflection gratings allow a favourable combination between coupling and reflecting properties and avoid the diffraction efficiency oscillations that are characteristic of transmission gratings. The performance of the reconstruction process with several waves simultaneously allows the tuning of the intensities of diffracted waves with dependence on amplitude or phase differences between incident beams.
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    Reversible mirror for real-time holographic interferometry (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 181-183 
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    Structural design for polarization-insensitive travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S47 
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    Notes: Abstract Optimum structures of travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifiers (TWAs) are analysed theoretically from the viewpoints of low-polarization-sensitive signal gain, high-saturation output and low-noise characteristics. The signal gain differences between TE and TM modes, saturation output powers, noise figures and operating currents are investigated as functions of the active-layer thickness and device length. These characteristics are compared among the conventional double-heterostructure (DH), asymmetric separate-confinement-heterostructure (SCH) and symmetric SCH structures. The symmetric SCH is shown to be the optimum structure for a polarization-insensitive TWA maintaining high-saturation output power and low-noise characteristics at low injection current density. The conventional DH TWA with a thick, short active layer is preferable for achieving the most isotropic signal gain while maintaining a high-saturation output power and a small noise figure, even though it suffers from higher operating current density than the symmetric SCH TWA.
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    Three-dimensional flow visualization system by holographic interferometry (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 409-414 
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    Notes: Abstract A holographic system has been developed to visualize a three-dimensional fluid flow. The system consists principally of a thermoplastic film, a monochrome video camera, a microcomputer with image-processing capability and a printer. The system makes it possible to measure a slow flow. Two examples of such, the bimodal and mixed-mode convection flows within a Bénard cell, are presented.
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    Theory of two-section laser amplifiers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S15 
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    Notes: Abstract A new theory of two-section amplifiers has been developed in order to account explicitly for dispersive effects arising from the carrier dependence of the refractive index. It has been found that non-linear and bistable effects in two-section devices, which are conventionally attributed to saturable absorption, contain a stong component of dispersive non-linearity. The implication is that the advantages claimed for two-section amplifiers over single-section devices may not be as great as had hitherto been thought.
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    Performance of a dual-stage semiconductor laser amplifier for optical transmission repeater system (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S75 
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    Notes: Abstract The performance of a dual-stage semiconductor laser amplifier consisting of a preamplifier and a power amplifier is evaluated theoretically and experimentally. The dual-stage optical amplifier can offer high-gain amplification with low noise figure by using a low-noise amplifier as a preamplifier. Using the dual-stage amplifier, 2.4 Gbits−1 193 km optical fibre transmission was demonstrated. In addition, by applying an automatic power control system to the dual-stage amplifier, output power stabilization with wide dynamic range was obtained.
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    Fibre raman amplifier properties for applications to long-distance optical communications (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S89 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews recent theoretical and experimental studies on optical amplification by stimulated Raman scattering (Raman amplification) in single-mode optical fibres, and discusses its possible applications to long-distance optical communications. The fibre Raman amplifier can be used as an in-line optical amplifier in both repeaterless and non-regenerative all-optical repeater configurations. In the former application, signal transmission of over 400 km has been predicted theoretically, although high-power pump sources are considered to be required. In the latter configuration, in which optical fibre losses are compensated for by Raman gains, it has been shown that extremely long-distance transmission over more than 1000 km is feasible in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, where the distance achievable is mainly limited by the accumulation of Raman noise. Recent experimental demonstrations including bit-error rate measurements on the Raman amplified signal, and laser-diode pumped amplification, etc., are also reviewed. The results confirm the effectiveness of fibre Raman amplifiers in future long-haul systems.
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    Centroid shift of power flow in gently bent circular hollow or dielectric waveguide (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 73-75 
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    Notes: Abstract We show that the centroid of power flow in gently bentcircular waveguides does not necessarily shift towards the outward direction of bending.
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    Research on laser theory (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 77-77 
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    Announcement (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 86-86 
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    The analysis of volume reflection gratings using optical thin-film techniques (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 93-107 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper the use of thin-film techniques to model volume reflection grating structures is described and analysed. The results obtained using this technique for the uniform refractive index modulation case are compared with those obtained using the more familiar coupled-wave theory. The shape of the resultant spectral profile may be modified by the introduction of swelling or shrinkage, absorption or non-uniform index modulation within the volume of the grating structure. Results showing the effect of each are presented. Finally, the performance of experimental thick (〉100 μm) volume gratings in dichromated gelatin is discussed and the most recent improvements in the resultant spectral profiles are described. These results show that the thin-film modelling technique is useful for the modelling of volume reflection grating structures.
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    Theoretical investigation of wavelength-flattened fused coupler (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 123-129 
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    Notes: Abstract A fused coupler made of dissimilar fibres is studied theoretically. Two different types of such couplers are analysed. The first type is featured by a strongly fused uniform waist of long length, whereas the second type has a fused uniform waist with tapers at its ends. Theoretical analysis reveals that the former is much less wavelength-dependent. For the latter, our results agree with the available experimental data. A fabrication process to make the first type of coupler is suggested.
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    Laser optical fibre heterodyne interferometer with frequency indicating of the phase shift of a light signal in an optical waveguide (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 423-427 
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    Notes: Abstract Self-sustained oscillations in a laser optical fibre heterodyne interferometer are discussed; oscillations were produced by closing into a loop the single-mode optical fibres of the interferometer. Such oscillatory systems are shown to feature high-frequency stability. It is proposed to use this oscillating interferometer as a high-sensitivity sensor of external factors affecting the optical waveguide.
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    Book reviews (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 435-440 
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    Exciton enhancement of optical non-linearity in low-dimensional crystals (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 441-450 
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    Notes: Abstract Excitons are shown to enhance third-order optical susceptibilityx (3) and shorten its response timeT 1 in suitable low-dimensional crystals; for example, a system of semiconductor microcrystallites and a natural and artificial quantum-well system. Some experimental evidence of enhancedx (3) and shortenedT 1 is also introduced.
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    Two-photon optical bistability of polar molecules inserted in a solid matrix: Phonon effects (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 471-479 
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    Notes: Abstract Single-beam two-photon optical bistability in a Fabry-Perot cavity filled with molecules which change permanent dipole moment upon electronic excitation is analysed under the mean-field and plane-wave approximations. One-photon resonances are discarded. These molecules are assumed to be in a solid matrix. Phonon effects are then taken into account. The Bloch equations of the system are further coupled by a term that is dependent on the electron-phonon interaction, leading to shifts in the switching thresholds which modify the optical bistability character. Such a term becomes irrelevant when the difference between the dipole moments is much greater than the transition dipole moment.
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    Optically induced index change in GaAs by laser diode: Measurement method and analysis to realize an all-optical switch (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 499-505 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper the possibility to realize an all-optical switch on GaAs, using a semiconductor laser as a pump beam, is investigated. An estimate for the mean value of the refractive index change (Δn) of the material is calculated as a function of the pump power. A method for the measurement of Δn is proposed, based on the mathematical relationships between the propagation characteristics of the guided mode and the refractive index change.
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    Design considerations for an active feedback optical system (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 9-15 
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    Notes: Abstract The optical processor proposed here consists basically of a coherent light source and two liquid crystal light valves, of which the first converts incoherent input patterns into coherent ones; the second operates entirely on coherent signals. It is shown that, if the valve operating point is correctly chosen and its transfer characteristic linearized, negative feedback is implemented around the second valve. The valves perform as active system components, because they modulate the source power by their driving signals. The linear dynamic range, modulation transfer function, and time transient behaviour of the system are briefly studied.
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    Propagation in radially-inhomogeneous single-mode fibre (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 31-40 
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    Notes: Abstract The propagation of electromagnetic waves along a radially-inhomogeneous single-mode optical fibre with small index difference between core and cladding is studied. As in the case of the step-index fibre the propagation modes are weakly guided and their transverse fields are essentially polarized in one direction. The simple field descriptions and characteristic equation obtained here enable mode spot size and bending loss to be determined and are useful for practical design work of radially-inhomogeneous single-mode optical fibres.
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    The cladded parabolic-index profile waveguide: analysis and application to stripe-geometry lasers (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 17-29 
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    Notes: Abstract A two-dimensional real waveguide having a parabolic distribution of dielectric permittivity in the core region, flanked by cladding layers of constant refractive index is proposed as a model for a class of stripe-geometry injection lasers. The model is analysed by a series-solution method and results are given in terms of plots of normalized propagation constant, near-field filling factor, and far-field half-angle, all versus normalized frequency. These results are compared with those for the alternative models of (a) a homogeneous core waveguide, and (b) a medium whose dielectric permittivity varies quadratically with position throughout the whole of space. Apart from the series-solution method which was employed, a survey is included of other techniques available for analysing this waveguide model. These include perturbation theory, variational analysis, an exact solution of the scalar wave equation, and the WKB approximation.
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    Ray theory of the impulse response of randomly bent multimode fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 53-60 
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    Notes: Abstract A ray theory based on the time-independent Fokker-Planck equation and the integration of time along ray trajectories provides analytical expressions for the average arrival time and spread of optical pulses propagating in randomly distorted, multimode, optical fibres. A clear physical picture emerges from the theory. The analytical expressions obtained for 〈t〉 and 〈t 2〉 coincide with the ones obtained by Olshansky from coupled-mode theory. The 〈t 3〉 and 〈t 4〉 moments of the impulse response are also calculated. Simple closed-form formulae are given for the step-index slab. The coupling between all modes is effectively taken into account in our ray theory.
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    The collection of diffuse light onto an extended absorber (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 61-82 
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    Notes: Abstract If light comes from a fixed direction and is to be collected onto an absorbing body which is approximately a point or a straight line, it is well known that a mirror of parabolic profile serves the purpose efficiently. If the light is diffuse, or its direction of incidence variable, or if the absorber is not approximately a point or a straight line, the parabola is less useful. This paper describes various particular collecting problems of this more general sort, together with efficient solutions for them, mainly by means of mirrors. The subject represents a corner of geometric optics little explored until recently, in which the notion of image formation scarcely appears. A unifying principle is the invariance of the ‘Lagrange-Helmholtz’ invariant, which is related to Liouville's theorem of Hamiltonian mechanics, and there is a unifying method of construction of the mirror profiles by means of string.
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    Comparative analysis of a laser frequency stabilization method using a mobile and a fixed Lorentzian (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 119-129 
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    Notes: Abstract Frequency stabilization using ‘mobile’ resonances is compared with that employing frequency modulation. Analogy with radio-frequency experiments leads to an optimization of the error signal. Offsets occuring in each case are discussed and additional offsets due to asymmetry are evaluated.
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    The influence of bulk losses and bulk dispersion on the propagation properties of surface waves in a radially inhomogeneous optical waveguide (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 95-106 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of bulk losses and bulk dispersion on the propagation properties of surface waves in a radially inhomogeneous optical fibre is investigated numerically. The fibre is assumed to consist of a homogeneous cladding of either infinite or finite extent and a radially inhomogeneous core of higher permittivity. Bulk losses and dispersion in the core and cladding materials are presented by frequency-dependent complex permittivities. Power series expansions for the electromagnetic field quantities in the core have been used and the attenuation and the phase coefficients for the lower order modes have been calculated numerically. Results are presented for two different permittivity profiles, viz. the parabolic profile and the cubic spline profile, the cladding being of infinite extent in this case. Also, the influence of a finite cladding diameter on the numerical results is discussed.
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    Theory of intracavity absorption spectroscopy (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 139-151 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple model for the description of intracavity measurements of narrow absorption lines, developed in a previous paper [5], is generalized to include the effect of an inhomogeneous, in addition to the homogeneous, contribution to the laser line. Moreover, the standing wave effect which was previously treated only near threshold, is now properly studied well above threshold. It is shown that mode competition increases strongly, in the case of a large number of standing waves falling within the homogeneous laser line width, when one passes from the near threshold region to a high excitation level. The enhancement factor, however, is nearly independent of the intensity. Consideration is also given to the case of running waves.
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    Silica-based binary glass systems: wavelength dispersive properties and composition in optical fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 163-170 
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    Notes: Abstract A composition-dependent single Sellmeier oscillator model, developed for predicting the refractive index against composition behaviour for the three binary glass systems, SiO2-B2O3, SiO2-P2O5 and SiO2-GeO2, is extended to a double Sellmeier oscillator model. The inclusion of both composition-dependent u.v. and i.r. terms in the Sellmeier equation has enabled the wavelength dispersive properties of optical glass fibres; refractive index, material dispersion and profile dispersion, to be computed for any composition, in any one of these three binary glasses. Theoretical calculations, for particular compositions, of material and profile dispersions are compared with experimental measurements on fibres of the same compositions, fabricated by chemical vapour deposition.
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    The effect of phase angle on the resolution of two coherently illuminated points (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 179-180 
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    Geometrical optics of multimode light-guides with variable diameters (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 184-185 
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    Resonant reflectors: a survey of two-element designs (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 186-187 
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    The influence of phase fluctuations and phase modulation on two-photon fluorescence (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 195-203 
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    Notes: Abstract In the present paper the two-photon fluorescence (TPF) quenching produced by ruby lasers in dye is calculated on the basis of an electronic energy level system adapted for the special conditions of Rhodamine 6G. The model used here takes into consideration the action of competing one-photon processes. It will be shown that the reversed profile of TPF quenching in the overlap region is produced by the superposition of pulses with a time-dependent fluctuating phase as well as with a determinate quadratically time-dependent phase.
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    A simplified approach to digital optical receiver design (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 211-221 
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    Notes: Abstract A simplified theory for the performance of a digital optical receiver is developed. The receiver sensitivity is calculated in terms of circuit parameters, received and equalized pulse shapes, photodiode parameters and bit-rate. An excellent agreement between this theory and a more complicated analysis by Personick [4] is demonstrated. It is shown that the receiver sensitivity may be improved by launching reduced-width pulses into the fibre, particularly if fibre bandwidth is a significant limitation. Reduced-width pulses bring benefits in source power consumption and lifetime, and in timing recovery.
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    Theoretical analysis of spectral modulation behaviour of semiconductor injection lasers (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 233-242 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of the spectral width on the modulation behaviour of semiconductor injection lasers has been investigated theoretically on the basis of multimode rate equations. Analytical expressions are derived yielding an effective rate of spontaneous emission for a suitable description of dynamic characteristics of injection lasers. This effective emission rate may drastically exceed the total rate of spontaneous emission into the lasing modes. In the case of large signal modulation it has been shown that a large modulation depth as required for PCM-transmission also yields a considerable spectral broadening.
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    Single-beam atmospheric transverse velocity measurement (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 270-272 
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    Active and passive mode-locking of long Nd-YAG-laser resonators (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 273-276 
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    Digital optical receiver design for non-zero extinction ratio using a simplified approach (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 279-282 
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    Mode selection in a spectrally homogeneously broadened CW laser due to spatially inhomogeneously saturable absorption (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 283-291 
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    Notes: Abstract A novel method is proposed for selecting a single longitudinal mode in lasers with homogeneously broadened gain medium. Mode selection is achieved by the interaction of the standing cavity wave between the gain medium and a spatially saturated absorber. The theory is treated in detail for various geometric configurations including examples of important laser systems under continuous-wave operation, such as dye lasers.
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    Coupling length due to random bending in multimode optical fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 323-330 
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    Notes: Abstract Mode coupling coefficients and coupling lengths are determined for multimode fibres with general index distributions in the case where random bending is the main cause of mode coupling. It is shown that the product of the coupling length and the coupling-induced loss is determined only by the shape of the index distribution, and that the coupling length of the focusing fibre is about four times longer than that of the step-index fibre when the coupling-induced losses of both fibres are equal.
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    A universal tunnelling coefficient for step- and graded-index multimode fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 341-351 
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    Notes: Abstract A single expression is presented for the power transmission coefficient of both step- and graded-index fibres, which is uniformly valid for all weakly tunnelling and refracting rays. Its accuracy is demonstrated in a comparison of the corresponding power attenuation coefficient for the step-index fibre with solutions to the electromagnetic boundary value problem.
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    Incoherent feedback optical system (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 361-363 
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    Pico-femtosecond electron-optical photography (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 367-381 
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    Notes: Abstract The progress of ultra high-speed photography using electron-optical devices is surveyed with special reference to recent work in the USSR. In some applications time resolutions of better than 1 ps are obtainable. The ultimate limits of streak camera techniques are discussed. Finally, systems for X-ray chronography are described.
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    Analysis of an inhomogeneous symmetric cladded slab optical waveguide (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 353-360 
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    Notes: Abstract A detailed analysis of a symmetric cladded slab waveguide having a parabolic refractive-index profile in the core is carried out. Two techniques, one based on the step-index approximation and the other on the WKB approximation, are used to obtain the dispersion curves and the field plots for both the even and odd TE and TM-modes. An example of the practical relevance of the structure studied is given.
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    Effects of pulse modulation on multistep laser excitation (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 331-340 
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    Notes: Abstract Through numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation we illustrate the influence of laser modulation upon the excitation of anN-level system irradiated by simultaneous laser pulses. We show that amplitude modulation, applied to a Gaussian statistical distribution of detunings, creates a sideband structure to the excitation-reaction profile which can enhance the excitation over that for monochromatic excitation.
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    The statistics of fluctuating speckle patterns produced by a mixture of moving and stationary scatterers (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 364-366 
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    Exploitation of an optical coding method in scene analysis (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 441-444 
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    Perturbation theory of optical fibres with power-law core profile (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 475-482 
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    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of graded-index optical fibres with power-law core profile and homogeneous cladding have been studied using perturbation theory. Analytical expressions are derived for the cut-off frequency, propagation constant and, in the case of leaky modes, the attenuation coefficient of an arbitrary mode on such a fibre. For the case of monomode fibres, excellent agreement is found with existing theoretical results for the propagation constant of the HE11 mode and cut-off frequency of the TE01 mode.
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    Detailed field model for DH stripe lasers (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 459-474 
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    Notes: Abstract The field problem for DH stripe lasers is solved, using a two-dimensional model; the field variation perpendicular to the junction plane is found from a slab model, whereas the transverse variation is calculated using a method applicable to any complex permittivity profile. The origin of transverse variations in the permittivity is described by including current spreading, temperature variations and the carrier profile. The permittivity is used directly and not fitted by a parabola or a step. The fact that a large fraction of the intensity may be propagating in then-andp-layers, is taken into account by introduction of an effective permittivity. The model is applied to a practical example, and the threshold current is found as a function of active-layer thickness and stripe width. It is described how the model can be used both below and above the threshold.
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    Spatial modulation of Gaussian laser beams (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 483-493 
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    Notes: Abstract A technique is described for obtaining deep spatial modulation of laser beams. A phase modulator at one plane in the beam path can yield amplitude modulation at a later plane with little loss in power. Explicit formulae are derived for the field distributions of the modulated beams, and applications are considered.
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    Editorial (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. iii 
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    Fundamentals of optical amplifiers (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. S1 
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    Notes: Abstract The minimum noise figure of linear phase-insensitive amplifiers is 3 dB, according to the constraint of the uncertainty principle. Laser amplifiers, parametric amplifiers and Raman amplifiers obey the general quantum limit in an ideal case. A degenerate parametric amplifier is a phase-sensitive linear amplifier, and thus is a noiseless amplifier with a noise figure of 0 dB. The noise figure degradation in a practical amplifier and the signal-to-noise ratio design of an optical amplifier system are presented. Several other amplifier characteristics, such as signal gain, frequency bandwidth and saturation output power, are also discussed.
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    Some focusing properties of chirped gratings (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 17-33 
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    Notes: Abstract In the past the focusing properties of chirped grating structures have been investigated in various disciplines including optics, acousto-optics and acoustics. In this paper we present the results of a detailed theoretical and experimental study of one such amplitude grating structure, namely the chirped optical diffraction grating, although many of the conclusions are of more general validity. We derive some useful fundamental properties of such focusing gratings, and show that to first order their behaviour is similar to that of various other classical components such as focusing lenses, grating spectrometers and matched filters for chirped waveforms. However, we also describe a range of second-order differences in behaviour, for example concerning the physical location of the multiple foci, and the sidelobe structures within and perpendicular to the focal plane. For devices of large numerical aperture we demonstrate the advantages of using a non-linear grating structure — for example, for sidelobe suppression in the focal plane - and point out that surface acoustic wave (SAW) techniques can be used to generate the non-linear chirp waveforms necessary to implement such gratings in acousto-optic devices.
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    Circularly birefringent optical fibres: new proposals (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 35-46 
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    Notes: Abstract A new family of azimuthally inhomogeneous fibres is proposed and analysed theoretically. In contrast with previous similar structures, in these fibres one can find exact analytical expressions for the guided fields. Such modes could also be used as zeroorder approximations in analysisng other waveguides. This paper presents the basic theory and several examples illustrating how the main parameters (radii, number and width of the sectors, and refractive indices) affect the field profiles. We also present introductory, qualitative arguments on how this improved control over the field could be exploited in order to get either high circular birefringence or good matching of the guided modes to TEM00 or LP01 exciting fields.
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    Saturating refractive non-linearities and optical bistability: implications for excitonic switching (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 81-85 
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    Notes: Abstract We examine the operation of a refractive Fabry-Perot bistable device and consider the importance of saturation of the non-linear refraction using a simple model. A condition is formally derived which determines whether a particular material with a limited refractive index change may be used to make an all-optical bistable switch. This is evaluated for the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well system by comparison with four-wave mixing measurements of the non-linear refraction associated with the exciton feature.
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    Mode equation and its solution for dielectric waveguide with parabolic cross-section (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 117-122 
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    Notes: Abstract The mode equation for the dielectric waveguide with parabolic cross-section is derived using both the effective index method and WKB theory, and the expression of the mode propagation constant or effective index is solved directly from this mode equation, so that the mode-propagation properties of this kind of waveguide can be analysed conveniently with comparative accuracy.
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    Application of back-action evading amplifier to optical network communications (1989)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 131-136 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper shows applications of the back-action evading amplifier, which amplifies a signal without degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), to optical decoupling systems and clarifies the effects of the number of branches and the amplitude gain to SNR. As a result, it is shown that this concept provides an ideal optical system for networks with optical branches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190078
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  • 95
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    Optical beam deflection using dynamic volume reflection gratings (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a scheme for optical beam deflection using dynamic volume reflection gratings. Since the direction change of the diffracted beam with the recording wavelength is much larger for a reflection grating a passive beam-tilting element may not be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190081
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Double-beam two-photon optical bistability in a Fabry-Perot cavity with polar molecules (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical bistability in a micrometre-sized Fabry-Perot cavity, filled with appropriate polar molecules, is analysed after two incident beams (with frequenciesgw 1 andgw 2) produce in the system a two-photon resonance at frequencygw 1 +gw 2. One-photon resonances at the frequenciesgw 1 andgw 2 are discarded. It was not necessary to assume a particular relationship betweengw 1 andgw 2, and the single-beam two-photon optical bistability whengw 1 andgw 2 are of the same order or equal is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028184
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical and experimental study of the colliding-pulse method for solid-state lasers (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 481-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of ultrashort pulses with a two-level saturable absorber is considered in the colliding-pulse regime. The shortening of the Gaussian pulse duration is investigated for a wide range of absorber and pulse parameters and compared with typical contacting-absorber and non-contacting-absorber methods. The analysis of the maximum pulse dynamics taking into account the noise radiation in the context of the fluctuation model shows that in addition to the well-known advantages realized in dye lasers, the colliding-pulse method results in the achievement of shorter durations of the peak pulses in the train near the second threshold. This advantage is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to be greater for faster the relaxation of the absorber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189128
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple computer solution of coupled power equations (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A numerical method for solution of the coupled power equations in multimode optical fibres is presented. The method is based on the assumption that the contribution of weak mode coupling can be concentrated into discrete points along the fibre. The matrix form of the solution is derived, the accuracy of the method is briefly discussed and an example of practical results is also shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189132
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximate analysis of mode dispersion in diffused-channel waveguides (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose an approximate mode analysis using the effective index method for calculating mode dispersion in diffused channel waveguides. The method uses the minimum computing time and gives good agreement with other published results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189134
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Float-glass: An industrial substrate for integrated optics (1989)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 21 (1989), S. 307-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Low-loss single-mode waveguides form at the surface of glass in contact with liquid tin during the float process. Theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that float-glass can serve as an industrial substrate for integrated optics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027301
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