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  • Articles  (1,820)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,820)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (782)
  • 1975-1979  (1,038)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1980  (782)
  • 1976  (1,038)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (1,820)
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  • Articles  (1,820)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (782)
  • 1975-1979  (1,038)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The backscattering technique: its field of applicability in fibre diagnostics and attenuation measurements (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The evaluation of power decay along the fibre by means of the backscattering technique may be altered by the presence of unknown irregularities. In the present paper the effects of such imperfections are estimated; it is demonstrated that mainly local inhomogeneities and numerical aperture fluctuations influence backscattered power. Finally an efficient and simple method for the separation of the power decay contribution from the irregularity contribution is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625494
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering characteristics of a beam mode in a dielectric-slab optical waveguide. Part II (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The radiated power of scattered light caused by refractive-index inhomogeneities and waveguide wall irregularities in an asymmetric slab waveguide is investigated by using the stationary phase method on the basis of a first-order perturbation theory. The correlation between both imperfections of the refractive index and the waveguide wall is taken into consideration. It is found that the correlation between both imperfections hardly affects the radiated power caused by air radiation modes while it modifies the radiated power caused by substrate radiation modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625495
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microprocessor-controlled apparatus for the measurement of pulsed spectra (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple and relatively inexpensive microprocessor-controlled apparatus to measure pulsed spectra has been developed. The system enables the average for a given number of pulses to be taken at each data point. Spectra of a mercury lamp are presented as an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray production by a laser plasma in a strong electric field (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The X-ray emission of a laser plasma from metal targets in a 26 kV cm−1 electric field is investigated experimentally. A substructure of the X-ray pulse, corresponding to the laser pulse train period is found. The spectrum of the radiation in the range 2–25 keV is measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620040
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A geometrical optics treatment of differential mode delay (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of expressing the index of the refraction profile of a graded-index fibre or planar waveguide in terms of the results of differential mode delay measurements. We develop a perturbative solution to this problem within the context of geometrical optics by assuming that only meridional rays contribute experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620043
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of laser speckles under extra-axial aberrations (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619925
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on ‘modes in weakly guiding elliptical optical fibres’ (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 529-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619927
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface roughness measurements from coherent light scattering (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results are presented of surface roughness measurements obtained by applying Beckmann's theory on the scattering of electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces to the scattering of laser light from ground glass surfaces. Measurements of the variance of surface height obtained in several scattering geometries and also from stylus measurements are presented and shown to agree closely for each surface. Also results are presented which show that the usual assumption of a Gaussian form for the autocorrelation function of surface height does not apply to the surfaces being studied here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619545
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of film nonlinearities on the signal-to-ghost ratio of storage holograms (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 355-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theory of film nonlinearities relating to amplitude holograms and bleached phase holograms is developed which is adapted to the problem of the holographic storage of digital data. The amplitude transmittance characteristics are for this purpose expanded in power series. The odd higher-order terms of the expansion yield expressions defining ghost spots that impair image quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619549
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new characteristic of the neutron-irradiated silicon solar cells (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 367-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619550
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operation of a narrow-band CW tuneable dye-laser at 656 nm (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 371-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619551
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference announcements 1976 (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 373-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619552
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the double heterostructure laser: II. Waveguide model incorporating carrier concentration-dependent refractive index (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solutions to charge transport equations are used to illustrate the variation of the active region refractive index of the double-heterostructure GaAs laser. It is shown that a marked asymmetry can arise in the refractive index. In this paper, a suitable waveguide theory is developed to take account of this effect. The necessity for such a waveguide theory is demonstrated by comparing threshold current densities and far-field patterns calculated with this model to those calculated using a simpler waveguide model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624828
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The self-action of the electromagnetic field in a medium with considerable nonlinearity (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The propagation of the electromagnetic wave field in a nonlinear medium is discussed in the framework of generalized nonlinear geometrical optics. In this approach the nonlinearity of the medium and the angles between the rays and the general orientation of the wave's beam are not assumed to be small. The exact analytical solutions of the equations of this generalized nonlinear geometrical optics are constructed. These solutions show the possibility of a peculiar mechanism of space stratification of the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624830
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the double heterostructure laser: III. Self-consistent calculations of the electrical and optical characteristics (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Self-consistent calculations of the electrical and optical properties of the double-heterostructure laser have been made. Theoretical studies of both aspects of the device performance have been utilized in this work which describes the behaviour of the laser both below and at threshold. The interdependence of the electrical and optical properties of the device has been established and incorporated into a self-consistency scheme. A computer program has been developed to perform the calculations given the specification of device parameters. Within the program the transport equations are solved, the active region refractive index calculated and then used in the waveguide theory. From the solution to the waveguide equations a lasing frequency and threshold current for the specified cavity mode are obtained. A consistency criterion is applied between the transport and waveguide parts of the theory. The program allows the performance of the laser to be monitored providing such information asI–V characteristics, near and far field patterns for various cavity modes with their threshold currents and lasing frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624829
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A large coaxial lidar for elastic and inelastic scattering studies of the stratosphere (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 409-423 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A very powerful, fixed zenith laser radar system, based upon a liquid dye laser, is described in detail. The laser is a linear flashlamp pumped dye system capable of an average power output of 6W at a prf of 3 s−1 using rhodamine 6G dye and about 3W with the same prf using esculin monohydrate dye. The use of this laser as a transmitting source in the lidar system has permitted the detection of Stokes shifted vibration/rotation Raman back-scattered light from neutral nitrogen in the stratosphere and from these measurements, stratospheric temperature profiles have been derived. The lidar has also been used to study elastic backscattering from the stratosphere at two wavelengths and preliminary results of a new technique for studying stratospheric aerosol are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624832
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode conversion in dielectric waveguides (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the effect of weakz-dependence of the dielectric constant on the propagation of modes in SELFOC fibres. We have also used the Green's function technique to study mode conversion due to weak irregularities in a waveguide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624831
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate equation dynamics of passively mode-locked quasi-continuous lasers: pulse stability and dynamic pulse compression (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 425-431 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract New theoretical results connected with the stability of multiple pulsing in a passively mode-locked quasicontinuous laser in the rate equation approximation are presented. Together with earlier results, these allow the number of pulses per cavity transit to be predicted and a qualitative estimate made of the pulse duration for any combination of parameters. The results are illustrated by computer evolutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624833
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-photon coherent propagation, transmission of 90° phase-shifted pulses, and application to isotope separation (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 513-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Most single photon coherent propagation effects are shown to have their two-photon analogue. The case of zero-area pulse propagation (90° phase shifted in the two-photon situation), frequency shift with distance, and selective optical excitation for isotope separation are considered. Selective two-photon pumping is shown to occur even when the pulse spectrum overlaps the various isotope shifted lines. An application to radiation pressure isotope separation is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620142
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity measurement of a diffuse object by using time-varying speckles (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 523-529 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The relation between the velocity of a moving diffuse object and the mean number of integrated speckles in the certain time interval at the far-field plane of the object is obtained. By using this relation based on the first order statistics of integrated speckles, a new method of measuring the velocity of the diffuse object is proposed and experimentally verified. The first order probability density function of time-integrated speckles is also studied from which the validity of the present method is verified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620143
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulse propagation in multimode fibres (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 531-535 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Gloge model for mode-coupled pulse propagation in a step index fibre has been re-examined and a dynamic model proposed to explain the significance of the pulse-broadening regime in which the pulse widthτ varies as√L. This leads to the conclusion that the critical factor controlling such propagation is the existence of a particular distribution of power which is a function of space, time and angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620144
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase compensation of laser beam modes (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 537-544 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique is described for improving the propagation characteristics of high order laser beam modes. A thin phase plate inserted in the beam forces all portions of the wave front to oscillate in phase and yields a substantial improvement in the far field intensity distribution. Depending on the mode order, the peak intensity at a distant target may be readily increased by more than a factor of ten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620145
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral properties of dye lasers (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 393-411 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Starting from conventional rate equations describing the multimode operation of a laser with a broad homogeneous emission line, a system of approximately valid equations, suitable for both analytical and numerical studies of the spectral properties of laser radiation not too far from threshold, has been derived by introducing equations of motion for the spatial Fourier components of the inversion densityN(z, t), thus replacing the equation of motion forN(z, t) itself. Analytical solutions for steady-state operation were found and physically discussed in the following cases: (a) ring laser, (b) jet-stream laser with the active medium positioned either near one of the (Fabry-Perot) resonator mirrors or in the centre of the resonator, and (c) laser with a Fabry-Perot resonator completely filled with the active medium. The spectra thus calculated indicate that spatial hole burning is most efficient in providing mode co-existence in configuration (c), where it gives rise to a significant bandwidth. It is of minor importance, however, in case (b), where the spectrum differs only slightly from that of a ring laser, which is clearly free from hole-burning effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620099
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The third-order electric susceptibilities of NaCl and KCl monocrystals (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 443-447 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dispersion of the third-order electric susceptibilitiesχ(ω; ω, ω, −ω) andχ(ω; ω, 0, 0) of NaCl and KCl monocrystals has been calculated by means of experimental data on the electro-optic Kerr effect. The result has been obtained by using semi-classical models of anharmonic oscillators. An ionic contribution to the electro-optic coefficients has been presented. From the result obtained it follows that the third-order electric susceptibilities are of the order of 10−22 m2 V−2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619918
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical beam and pulse propagation in inhomogeneous media. Application to multimode parabolic-index waveguides (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 463-475 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The integrals-of-motion method, the coherent states method, the method of the dynamical symmetry group, as well as the density matrix formalism, are used for the description of paraxial optical beam and pulse propagation in a weakly inhomogeneous medium. The formalism developed is then applied to a parabolic-index medium with bent axis of symmetry in which the index distribution varies along the direction of propagation. Expressions for beam trajectory and width as well as for r.m.s. pulse width are obtained. It is shown that certain particular longitudinal dependences of the index distribution function do not influence beam parameters. This phenomenon is used to achieve matching when two different parabolic-index waveguides are to be butt-joined. The connection of two parabolic-index waveguides with axis displacement is also discussed as an example and comparison between theoretical results and experimental data is made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619920
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyse perturbative des caractéristiques de propagation des fibres optiques à gradient d'indice quasi-parabolique (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 41-49 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple perturbation theory, based on the scalar wave analysis, has been used to study the propagation characteristics of radially inhomogeneous lossless fibres. The formalism has been developed with a truncated parabolic-index profile as the zero-order solution and the perturbation approach is valid for azimuthally symmetric or anti-symmetric modes near cut-off as well as far from cut-off. In addition, numerical calculations have been carried out forα-profiles and have been found to be in good agreement with more rigorous calculations reported by previous authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625497
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bend radiation of optical fibres (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 1-7 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical and experimental investigations of the radiation far field from a curved optical fibre have been carried out for the lowest order LP-modes. The investigations concern the characteristics of pure bend loss radiation in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the bend. Possible applications involving the bend radiation are briefly discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625492
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the generation of picosecond light continua depending on various nonlinear processes (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 9-15 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The generation of picosecond light continua depends on various nonlinear processes such as parametric four-photon interaction, self-phase modulation, self-focusing, and avalanche ionization. In order to systematize the influence of these processes we have indicated both the threshold for continuum generation measured by various authors and the threshold for the nonlinear processes in a power diameter diagram characterizing the laser beam. The result is that all the thresholds for continuum measured under very different experimental conditions are situated nearly on one curve given by the nonlinear process with the lowest threshold. We have carried out measurements on the spectral energy distribution and on the angular distribution of the continuum generated in water and alkali halides by a mode-locked single-pulse Nd-glass laser. Under our experimental conditions both self-phase modulation and parametric four-photon interaction contribute to continuum generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625493
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinction of the competing processes in nonlinear resonant frequency mixing in atoms (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 35-40 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A coherent transient response technique is applied, for the first time, to distinguish between the influence of competing processes such as saturation of atomic transition and effects due to laser-induced nonlinear polarization on nonlinear resonant mixing. Experimental research is performed for the 3s–5s two-photon transition in sodium vapour. Delaying the probe picosecond pulse after the exciting one, variations of efficiency and phase-matched ratio upon incident intensity and exciting wavelength are investigated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625496
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perturbation analysis of clad parabolic-index waveguides (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 51-56 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A first-order perturbation technique is used to obtain the eigenfunction correction due to the cladding in a square-law dielectric waveguide. Regions both near to and far from cut-off are considered separately. It is shown that far from cut-off the fractional power carried by the guide core increases over that in the homogeneous case but that near cut-off the power in the core is less than in a homogeneous guide. Thus the stability of the modal power with variation of wavelength is increased over that in a homogeneous guide.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625498
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of fluctuations of a laser pump on the intensity correlation of resonance fluorescence radiation (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 65-76 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of fluctuations of a relatively weak laser pump on the intensity correlation of resonance fluorescence radiation is studied for a laser acting both below and above the threshold. Below the threshold the radiation of the laser is characterized by Gaussian properties causing non-factorization of the intensity correlation function. Above the threshold the laser shows non-linear filter properties and, therefore, the deviation of the exact intensity correlation function from its factorized value is small.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625500
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of thin film overlays on the mode properties of ion-exchanged guide (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 80-83 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
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    Fibre switch of 1*93: an experimental trial (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 87-90 
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    On-line codes for digital optical communications (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 91-93 
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    Phenomenological rules for the computation of magneto-electric susceptibilities (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 103-107 
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    Notes: Abstract Applying the model of the anharmonic oscillator, phenomenological expressions were derived, allowing calculation of the components of tensors describing non-linear magneto-electric susceptibilities. Detailed calculations were carried out for the pseudo-tensor of fourth order ηeeem in terms of which magneto-optical birefringence and rotation are expressed for the monocrystals KDP, DKDP, ADP, KDA, LiNbO3, LiTaO3 and NaClO3. From the results obtained it follows that non-linear magneto-electric susceptibilities, which are described by the pseudo-tensor ηeeem are of the order of 10−16 m V−1T−1.
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    Pulse propagation in optical fibres with index profiles slowly varying along their length (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 281-290 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the formalism for calculating the effect of profile variations along the fibre on transit times and path parameters for rays in multimode fibres. The ideal case of power-law profiles is considered in detail and it is shown that when the exponentq is given byq=q 0+εf (z), the fibre may be described by an equivalent exponentq e. Simple formulae forq e in terms of the average properties off(z) are given. The ray parameter $$\tilde \beta $$ varies and this is shown to have only a minor effect on transit time, but does imply that some rays suffer an attenuation whenε≠0. If the amount of dopant in any crosssection is assumed constant, the fibre radius must vary whenq varies and profiles with this attribute are examined and shown to have ray behaviour similar to that described above.
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    An optimized technique for backscatter attenuation measurements in optical fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 169-178 
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    Notes: Abstract A technique which gives maximum range and sensitivity for estimating fibre attenuation from the backscattered light has been evolved. With this technique stability problems in the source and receiver are overcome by taking two different time samples for each pulse launched into the fibre, the attenuation being derived from the ratio of the two samples. An analysis indicates that an optimum operating strategy exists in terms of the choice of system parameters such that the range over which attenuation can be measured is maximized. Results indicate that local loss measurements can be performed on fibre sections which are remote from the source by a distance corresponding to a fibre attenuation of 27 dB. Furthermore, preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability of the technique.
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    Optical waveguide theory (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 187-191 
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    Notes: Abstract This report summarizes the activites at the 4th International Workshop on Optical Waveguide Theory, held at Leuwenhorst Holland on 13–16 September 1979.
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    Intrinsic noise of semiconductor lasers in optical communication systems (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 207-219 
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    Notes: Abstract The upper limit of the achievable signal-to-noise ratio in optical communication systems is determined by the intrinsic laser noise due to quantum fluctuations inside the laser cavity. This achievable signal-to-noise ratio depends on the way in which different lasing modes are detected; wavelength filtering and material dispersion may yield a significant deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio. It is concluded from theoretical calculations and from measurements on V-groove lasers that a d.c. signal-to-noise ratio of about 70 dB may be achieved for a noise bandwidth of 10 MHz.
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    Theory of electric field-induced optical second harmonic generation in semiconductors (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 199-205 
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    Notes: Abstract The nonlinear optical coefficientd ij(kl) (2ω, 0,ω, ω) for electric field-induced optical second harmonic generation in semiconductors is calculated by means of a perturbation treatment. The result is given directly as a Brillouin zone integral over a resonant energy denominator. A simplified energy band structure model is used to carry out the Brillouin zone integral. The analytic closed-form expression ford ij(kl) (2ω, 0,ω, ω) thus obtained permits the calculation of the absolute value of its spectrum from available energy band parameters. The dispersion ofd 11(11) (2ω, 0,ω, ω) of Ge is numerically calculated, second harmonic photon energies being close to theE 0 andE 1 gaps. The results show pronounced resonant behaviours.
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    A ray approach to scattering in optical fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 221-230 
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    Notes: Abstract The problem of scattering in optical fibres is approached by means of a ray theory and by considering both the parameters that characterize each ray congruence. Starting from a general transport equation a two-variable diffusion equation is derived and its field of validity is discussed. Preliminary results (steadystate power distribution among ray congruences; steady-state attenuation and steady-state length) are given in some simple but common cases. These results permit interesting comparisons with other theories.
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    Wide-band optical fibre local distribution systems (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 353-381 
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    Notes: Abstract The concept of a wide-band optical local network is presented and the technical aspects are discussed in detail. The types of service are outlined and grouped according to the requirements for transmission capacity. The components available and their characteristics are presented. The modulation characteristics of the semiconductor laser are scrutinized and show that the laser is unfit for high-quality analogue intensity modulation. The aspects of digital and analogue transmission of television are examined and compared. Analogue transmission can provide transmission of only a few TV channels at the present level of quality whereas digital transmission can provide improved quality with a comfortable system margin. However, none of the schemes are suited for simultaneous transmission of many TV channels, which shows that the direct optical equivalent of a conventional CATV network cannot yet be constructed. The concepts of central switching and customer switching are outlined together with the options for multiplexing and network structure. Finally a review is made of known activities. The review covers eleven studied, planned and implemented experimental networks. Nearly all of the networks employ central switching. The older experiments use exclusively analogue transmission whereas there is a growing tendency to use digital transmission in recently planned networks.
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    An acousto-optic modulator for a CO2 laser rangefinder using heterodyne detection (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 419-426 
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    Notes: Abstract The ability to superimpose arbitrary modulation waveforms on a CW laser beam makes the acoustooptic modulator suitable for an important task: to apply modern microwave radar electronic signalprocessing and signal-generation techniques to heterodyne CO2 laser radar systems. The fundamental constraints on modulator design are first presented graphically in a novel treatment. The fabrication of 50–70 MHz germanium-lithium niobate modulators for a CO2 laser radar is then described. Experimental measurements of efficiency (about 4% per electrical watt transducer input power) and rise time (∼ 40 ns) are finally presented.
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    Polarization filtering in strip-guides (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 427-433 
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    Notes: Abstract The application of the cut-off effect in the building of polarizers in strip-guides is investigated. Different structures, already realized in the case of slab-guides, are considered. The dispersion curves of ion-exchanged glass strip-guides were computed by the effective-index method and were then used to model the investigated structures. The results obtained show that a cut-off polarizer can be relatively easily constructed in a strip-guide with only one transverse mode. In the multimode case the application of the investigated structures is often complicated and sometimes impossible.
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    Polarization mode coupling in long single-mode fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 449-461 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we look at the polarization state evolution of light propagating in long, birefringent, single-mode fibres in the presence of mode coupling. We show first that there always exist two orthogonal linear input polarizations which lead to linear output polarization for monochromatic light. The applicability of the coupled power equations is discussed and it is shown that they cannot be used with only two propagating modes. A more detailed analysis is then carried out for a uniform coupling and the effect of the spectral width of the source is investigated. Some insight into the time-dependent propagation is also given. Experimental results illustrate the theoretical considerations.
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    Transformation of Gaussian beams by spherical and cylindrical lenses: the scalar diffraction approach (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 207-211 
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    Notes: Abstract The transformation of a Gaussian beam by a lens has often been described in terms of geometrical optics by the formal application of the ABCD-matrix law of the lens to the complex beam parameter. In this paper we present as a wave optical method the scalar diffraction approach to the same problem. It is shown that the fresnel approximation yields results which are analytically identical to those obtained by the ABCD-law, if truncation effects of the lens can be neglected.
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    Nonlinear absorption measurements in proustite (Ag3AsS3) and CdSe (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 213-217 
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    Notes: Abstract Nonlinear absorption has been observed in proustite at 694 nm; however at 1.06μm, in contrast to previous results, no nonlinear absorption could be detected at intensities up to the damage threshold. Measurements on CdSe at 1.06μm and 1.32μm show that the nonlinear absorption mechanism is two photon absorption followed by absorption by the photo-induced carriers. The implications of this for nonlinear mixing applications are discussed.
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    Subnanosecond high-pressure iodine photodissociation laser oscillator (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 231-235 
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    Notes: Abstract A simultaneously Q-switched and acousto-optic mode-locked high-pressure iodine photodissociation (λ=1.315μm) oscillator system, capable of generating pulse-widths as short as 160 ps is described. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment for the pressure-dependence of the modelocked pulse-width. The results indicate that pulse-widths approaching 100ps should be obtainable with this type of system.
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    Nanosecond pulse propagation in a high power iodine laser amplifier (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 219-229 
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    Notes: Abstract Pulse propagation in a photochemical iodine laser amplifier is investigated both experimentally and by solving the Maxwell-Schrödinger equations by computer. Pulse shortening and pulse reshaping are observed in agreement with theory. For pulse durations approaching the dephasing time, it is found that a further decrease in duration by gain saturation is hard to obtain and requires high power levels or high initial inversion. The numerical analysis includes reservoir effects due to tightly coupled hyperfine levels in the iodine groundstate and phase modulation (chirping) of the input pulse. Comparison of the iodine parameters with those of Nd and CO2 lasers shows that for nanosecond pulses pulse shortening occurs more readily in the latter two systems in agreement with experiments.
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    Optical information processing by the Fabry-Perot resonator (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 237-240 
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    Notes: Abstract Properties of the Fabry-Perot resonator as a part of an optical imaging system are discussed from the point of view of optical information theory. Information capacity of the system is derived and expressed in terms of the number of degrees of freedom of the optical wave field at the output. It is pointed out that the Fabry-Perot resonator is well suited for processing of image signals having a periodic structure.
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    Linear electrooptic behaviour of ADP and its dispersion (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 255-257 
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    Molecular reorientational relaxation times in polar liquids (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 259-260 
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    Third-harmonic generation of Nd: YAG laser in lithium formate monohydrate (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 261-262 
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    Equal-phase-velocity propagation for the TE and TM modes of planar metal-clad optical waveguides (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 241-253 
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    Notes: Abstract An asymmetrical four-layered metal-clad dielectric optical waveguide can support the TEN and TMN modes forN⩾0 with the same phase-velocity if the core thickness,t 3, and the buffer layer thickness,t 2, are suitably chosen. Only metals that have a negative real part ∈′1 of their complex permittivity $$\hat \in _{\text{1}} = \in '_1 - j \in ''_1 $$ at optical frequencies are considered as the cladding material. It is shown that the application of a lossless approximation which set ∈″1=0 enables the development of a real expression which may be solved directly for the values oft 2 andt 3 that are required to achieve the equal-phase-velocity characteristic. Parametric plots for the guide dimensions are presented for representative waveguides and it is shown that an appropriate choice oft 2 andt 3 will reduce the absorption losses of the TE and TM modes to negligible levels. This property of the waveguide will find application in thin film optical devices such as polarization rotation modulators that require the simultaneous propagation of TE and TM polarized waves.
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    A strip-waveguide light-distribution structure made by ion implantation into fused quartz (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 263-266 
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    Conference announcements 1976 (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 267-267 
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    Erratum (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. ii 
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    Field deformation and polarization change in a step-index optical fibre due to bending (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 335-341 
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    Notes: Abstract The field distribution and polarization state of waveguide modes propagating around a curved dielectric optical fibre are investigated analytically by using a first-order perturbation theory. It is shown that the polarization direction of all modes except the HE1m modes changes due to bending. Field distributions are also deformed and the shift in the field maximum, which takes place in the plane of curvature, is clarified for the dominant HE11 mode.
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    Baseband equalization in fibre optic digital transmission (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 343-353 
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    Notes: Abstract The problem of baseband equalization in optical p.c.m. fibre systems is considered. Zero-forcing, minimum-mean-square error, and Kaiman equalizers are briefly reviewed and their relative merits discussed. The performance of the overall communication system is the average probability of error, which can be computed by means of the proposed method with high accuracy. A final section presents some diagrams that may be useful in designing the equalizer and in evaluating the degradation affecting the error probability with respect to ideal conditions. A presentation ofadaptive equalization results concludes the paper.
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    Ray theory and random mode coupling in an optical fibre waveguide. II (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 509-512 
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    Notes: Abstract Ray theory has been proved to work in Part I and is now applied to general graded fibres. A new approach to the time problem is described and a hidden effect of random distortion is analysed. It is concluded that the bandwidth of very well graded fibres may not be improved by random mode coupling.
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    Design of a reliable, high-power, nitrogen laser (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 565-566 
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    Erratum (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. ii 
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    Cavity-dumping a mode-locked TEA CO2 laser (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 347-349 
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    A comparison of the optical path and differential equation methods for optically thin phase gratings (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 383-391 
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the optical path method may lead to an approximate solution of the wave equation valid under a wide range of conditions for slanted phase gratings of arbitrary profile. Analytic solutions are given for sinusoidal and sawtooth gratings, and the accuracy of the approximations is checked by comparison with numerical solutions. The conditions under which sawtooth gratings may yield 100% efficiency are clarified.
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    Anomalous group delay in optical fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 511-517 
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown, by means of computation on a specific model, how pulse broadening in multimode gradedindex optical waveguides is significantly affected by the levels of excitation of the high-order modes. Pulse widths are computed as functions of the profile parameterα, under conditions of equal excitation, high-order mode suppression and GaAs laser excitation.
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    Space-time response of a cloud communication channel to an optical signal (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 499-509 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An optical signal,an impulse in space and step in time,is incident on a plane,parallel fixed,homogeneous cloud. The incident signal is modelled as a stream of photons, each of them executing a random walk. A Monte Carlo simulation technique is applied to obtain the space-time response of the channel when an optical receiver with a specified field of view is located at a specified distance below the cloud. The response is obtained as angular, spatial and temporal dispersions. Various simulation steps are described. For thin clouds two variance reduction techniques, i.e. Russian roulette and forced collision, are used. It is shown that the bottom of the cloud tends to diffuse uniformly and the 3 dB exit beam width saturates. The rise time in this channel is found to be of the order of several nanoseconds.
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    Theoretical analysis of the multi-rotational line TEA CO2 laser (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 245-251 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model for the multiline TEA CO2 laser has been developed which takes into account the overlap of the P(20) line of (0001) → (1000) regular band transition with the R(23) line of (0111) → (1110) hot band transition. The model is used for the study of the influence of different parameters like laser gas temperature, gas mixture and pump rates on laser intensities of different rotational lines. This study explains the experimental results of the high power multiline TEA CO2 laser very well.
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    Detuning effects of FM mode-locking in atmospheric CO2 lasers (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 259-268 
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    Notes: Abstract We describe a study of the detuning of the intracavity FM modulation of the homogeneously broadened laser applied to CO2 systems. The analysis is done by working in the frequency domain and by describing the field in terms of discrete amplitudes and phases. The coupled mode equations are solved for modulation frequencies near the axial mode-separation frequency. The asymmetry of the mode-locking behaviour due to the dispersive behaviour of the active medium is verified experimentally. We have measured both the pulse and the phase shift of the pulse with respect to the modulation signal as a function of detuning. The experimental results show clearly the asymmetry with detuning, in agreement with theory.
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    Economic evaluations and forecasts for optical fibre transmission systems at 1.2–1.5 μm (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 273-279 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Inherent characteristics of optical fibres make them suitable for telecommunication networks. This can become a matter of fact provided that costs of fibres and of related components make optical systems more convenient than copper cable ones. Economic evaluations of convenience limits, especially for systems operating at 1.2–1.5μm are given, as well as an estimate of the percentage of links in different areas of a typical network (in Italy) that can be realized without intermediate repeaters using optical fibres at 0.8–0.9μm or at 1.2–1.5μm.
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    Coherence effects in a multiply pumped spin-flip Raman laser (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 303-308 
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    Notes: Abstract A spin-flip Raman laser is fed simultaneously with two or more output frequencies of the CO pump laser. Not only are resonance effects seen when the magnetic field is tuned so that the Raman frequency equals the difference of two pump frequencies, but also when higher order resonances involving the sums and differences of CO lines equal the Raman frequency. The sign and intensity of these effects are briefly discussed and it is pointed out that the effects could be useful for calibration purposes.
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    Multiphoton detectors of laser radiation (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 291-301 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper is devoted to the problem of using multiphoton detectors to measure the statistical characteristics of multifrequency laser radiation affecting the nonlinear interaction between radiation and matter. Section 1 gives the characteristics of laser radiation determining the probability of power-type nonlinear interaction with a medium. Section 2 briefly characterizes multiphoton detectors. Sections 3–6 are devoted to the problems of measuring the so-called statistical radiation factor by means of multiphoton detectors and to the analysis of the corresponding experimental data. The possibility of using multiphoton detectors to measure other radiation characteristics is discussed in Sections 7 and 8.
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    On the spectra of resonant coherent Raman scattering (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 315-325 
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    Notes: Abstract The spectra of resonant coherent anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman scattering of excited molecules are calculated and discussed. The interaction of light and molecules is treated semi-classically. The energy level diagram of four energy levels describing the process is used in four modifications possible for excited molecules. It is shown that non-vibrational resonances give ‘extra’ maxima in some of the spectra. Comparison of the spectral structure in the Stokes and anti-Stokes components gives information on which of the four schemes the interaction is realized by. The influence of the pumping detuning on the Stokes component shape is pointed out.
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    Air pollution monitoring with a computer-controlled CO2-laser long-path absorption system (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 327-334 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A CO2-laser long-path absorption system has been developed. It is highly automated with computer-controlled laser-line selection and real-time data processing. The system has been used to monitor ethylene and vinyl chloride concentrations over a petrochemical factory area. The ethylene concentrations ranged from below 0.02 ppm to 45 ppm. The vinyl chloride concentrations were less than 0.05 ppm. Different path lengths from 20 m to 2800 m were used. The minimum detectable ethylene concentration was typically 15 ppm m.
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    Editorial (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 351-351 
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    Reduction of optical damage effects in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 495-498 
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    Notes: Abstract Optical damage effects in electro-optic crystals such as LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 result from light-induced refractive index changes which bring about decollimation and scattering of light beams. The origin of the index changes is discussed. Although it is currently impossible to avoid undesired optical damage completely, various possibilities are proposed to reduce the effects.
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    A double pole, double throw electro-optic switch with an N-type electrode (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 525-527 
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    A partially reflecting metal cladding: its effect on the modes of dielectric optical waveguides (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 433-452 
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    Notes: Abstract If the metal cladding of a dielectric optical waveguide is sufficiently thin to be only partially reflecting, then the waveguide modes differ from those of the conventional metal-clad waveguide. The TE modes are little affected by a variation in the metal thickness but the TM modes change considerably due to a coupling between the waveguide modes and the surface plasma waves supported by both the metal: dielectric interfaces and the metal film. It is the refractive index of the dielectric cladding which is remote from the guiding core that determines whether the lowest order TM mode is the TM0 or TM1 mode. This dielectric cladding also strongly influences the attenuation of the TM modes and, if the guide supports a TM0 mode, then the attenuation of the TM modes far from cut-off are an order of magnitude higher than that of the corresponding modes when the guide cannot support a TM0 mode. If the guide can support a TM0 mode then its dimensions can be chosen such that it will support the TEN and TMN modes with equal phase velocities. A lossless approximation is used to develop an expression which will specify the required guide dimensions directly and parametric plots of these dimensions are discussed.
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    Laser damage in silicon photodiodes (1976)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 453-458 
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    Notes: Abstract Thermal damage of silicon photodiodes exposed to intense optical radiation is investigated. Damage thresholds of Si photodiodes irradiated by 1.06μm laser pulses are reported for values of irradiation time,τ, ranging from 10−8 to 1s. Threshold laser irradiation produces visible microscopic damage and a permanent degradation in photoresponse. The loss of responsivity is associated with degradation of the detector diode characteristics due to laser-induced heating. The time and wavelength dependence agree with the predictions of a thermal model which treats a semi-infinite material irradiated by a Gaussian laser beam. The energy density thresholds are independent ofτ for short irradiation times and asymptotically approach a limiting behaviour which increases asτ for long times. They are given by the empirical relationE 0=65[1+217τ/tan−1(258τ)1/2] J cm−2 for 1.06μm radiation. The thresholds at short irradiation times of detectors damaged by 1.06μm radiation are about 25 times larger than those of detectors exposed to 0.6943μm radiation. The greater susceptibility at 0.6943μm is attributed to a larger optical absorption coefficient.
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    Intermodal dispersion measurements and interpretation in graded-index optical fibres (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 57-64 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe in this paper a frequency-domain measurement configuration allowing the determination of intermodal dispersion, differential mode attenuation and mode-coupling effects in graded-index optical fibres. Attention is mainly given to intermodal dispersion which is obtained with a resolution of 5 ps km−1 and a dynamic range of 15dB. Spatial (or modal) resolution is examined from both the theoretical and experimental point of view and the high degree of resolution of the experiment is illustrated. Interpretation of the results for deducing the index profile errors and correcting the preform manufacturing process shows the usefulness of the method for improving fibre quality.
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    A new simple method of 10 ns CO2 laser pulse generation (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 77-79 
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    Transmission technique for planar film index-profile measurements (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 84-86 
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    The non-linear Schrödinger equation and the non-stationary evolution of the intense localized wave field (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 95-102 
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    Notes: Abstract The possibility of the origin of the high intensity localized region near the wave pulse maximum is illustrated by means of exact solutions of the non-linear Schrödinger equation. The critical and supercritical regimes of wave pulse non-stationary evolution are illustrated. The tendencies of evolution depend essentially upon the initial profile of the pulse.
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    Pulse dispersion in a clad lens-like medium (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 109-118 
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    Notes: Abstract The effects of a homogeneous cladding on the dispersion of a square-law dielectric guide are investigated using a perturbation technique. Assuming a Gaussian, band-limited input it is shown that for single mode operation the waveguide dispersion is of the order of the material dispersion. For multimode operation the effect of the cladding on the uniformly polarized modes is examined and it is shown that a significant interaction occurs only for the two modes closest to cut-off. Comparison is made between theoretical and experimental results. The perturbation technique is used to analyse the optimum index profile proposed by Okamoto and Okoshi. It is shown that this variation reduces the dispersion to below that of the infinite medium approximation.
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    The calculation of average error probability in a digital fibre optical communication system (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 131-141 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with the problem of determining the average error probability in a digital fibre optical communication system, in the presence of message dependent inhomogeneous non-stationary shot noise, additive Gaussian noise and intersymbol interference. A zero-forcing equalization receiver filter is considered. Three techniques for error rate evaluation are compared. The Chernoff bound and the Gram-Charlier series expansion methods are compared to the characteristic function technique. The latter predicts a higher receiver sensitivity.
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    A mobile computerized laser radar system for observing rapidly varying meteorological phenomena (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 159-167 
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    Notes: Abstract A high repetition, mobile laser radar system with a computerized real-time data acquisition and display system is described. Signal-to-noise levels of the system are compared with theoretical values, and it is found that they are affected by the shot noise in the system. An example of a stack plume observation is also presented to show the performance of the system.
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    Two-photon resonant fifth harmonic generation in sodium vapour (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 183-186 
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    Calculation of error probability in an optical communication channel in the presence of intersymbol interference, using a characteristic function method (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 119-129 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper the error rate of an optical channel is calculated. The channel considered consists of a laser or light emitting diode as the optical source and a glass fibre as transmission medium. The transmitted optical pulses are spread in the fibre causing intersymbol interference. The receiver is assumed to be an avalanche photodiode which is considered as a p-n junction and a random multiplier whose electron probability distribution function is known, and a filter. In calculating the probability of error, their characteristic functions are multiplied and the probability density function of all the noises put together is truncated to a finite interval and described in a trigonometric series form. The total characteristic function is related to the Fourier coefficients of the periodic probability density function, resulting in an expression that is then used, for a given bit rate, to determine the worst case and average probability of error as functions of transmitted power or signal-to-noise ratio, for different amounts of intersymbol interference.
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    Radiation losses due to discontinuities in asymmetric three-layer optical waveguides (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 143-158 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the radiation losses caused by film thickness and refractive index discontinuities in asymmetric slab waveguides are examined theoretically. A technique developed by Mahmoud and Beal for dealing with the continuous part of the radiation spectrum is used. Several numerical examples which show the radiation loss for various waveguide configurations are presented and discussed and, where appropriate, comparisons with other related work made. In the case of asymmetric thickness steps, the radiation losses are found to be appreciably higher than those computed for symmetric guides. The radiation losses for guides having the same thickness were found to decrease as the guide thickness increased. Once the TE1 mode become guided, the losses decreased rapidly. However, if the two guides had different thickness then it was found that the losses exhibited a minimum.
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    Amorphous As2 S3 thin film waveguide with grating coupler (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 179-181 
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    Self-locked He-Ne ring laser (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 309-313 
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    Notes: Abstract Experimental conditions necessary for self-pulsing to occur in a He-Ne ring laser are reported. These results are compared with predictions that are based upon theoretical models that have been presented in the literature. Good qualitative agreement is found in that theory and experiment both show that self-pulsing will only occur over a range of excitation. Quantitative results differed enough to indicate that additional refinement is needed even though the models have identified many of the important parameters involved.
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    The reference range for differential absorption lidars (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 335-340 
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    Notes: Abstract The concept of reference range for lidars is extended to the case of differential absorption lidars. A method for determining the wavelengths of operation, optimal from the point of view of maximum reference range for uniform and non-uniform absorbant distribution, is presented.
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    Optical fibre profiling using a scanning optical microscope (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 341-345 
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    Notes: Abstract A scanning optical microscope is used to measure directly the refractive-index profile of an optical fibre. The effects of illuminating the fibre end with a highly convergent beam of light are considered.
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    Effect of coherence of generating radiations on optical parametric up-conversion (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 350-350 
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    Optical fibre attenuation measurement by the backscattering method: effect of noise (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 413-418 
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    Notes: Abstract The backscattering method is now a well-established technique for the measurement of attenuation in multimode optical fibres. In this paper the effect of noise is evaluated in order to optimize the precision of the measurement, its dynamic range and the time required to collect the data. An experimental set-up is described and the experimental results reported.
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    Parametric study of a u.v. preionized TEA CO2 laser (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 435-438 
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    Modal effects in the transmission method for index measurement in thick planar films (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 439-442 
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    First-order probability density function of the laser speckle phase (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 477-494 
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    Notes: Abstract An expression for the first-order probability density function of the laser speckle phase is analytically derived under the assumption that the speckle field obeys a non-circular, complex Gaussian, random process with a certain correlation between the real and imaginary parts of its complex amplitude. The probability density function of the speckle phase is actually evaluated for various cases and shown three-dimensionally as a function of the standard deviation of random object phase variations. The effect of random object phase variations on the probability density function is also investigated in detail.
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    Statistics of image plane speckle (1980)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 237-243 
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    Notes: Abstract We examine the statistical properties of speckle patterns produced at an arbitrary axial point of a telecentric imaging system having a soft and hard-edged aperture. Expressions for the contrast of the pattern ar derived and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620041
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Laser isotope separation of 129/2 (1980)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620045
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Laser wavelength measurements and the speed of light (1976)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 8 (1976), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Early determinations of the speed of light, based on astronomical observations or terrestrial time-of-flight experiments, were largely superseded in the 1940's by measurements of the frequency and wavelength of microwave radiation. The results were limited by the uncertainty in the wavelength measurements, and it was apparent that greater accuracy could be achieved by using radiation of shorter wavelength. It was, however, not until the development of lasers, and the nonlinear optical techniques made possible by their high output intensities, that frequency measurements could be extended towards the visible region of the spectrum. Stimulated by a demand for a more precise knowledge of the speed of light for application in space research, geodesy, and metrology, a new series of determinations has recently taken place. The measurements were made upon the radiations from a number of different stabilized-laser systems operating in the near infrared and visible spectral regions. Several different interferometric techniques were developed for the wavelength measurements. The results have led to a new recommended value for the speed of light, 299 792 458±1.2 m s−1, and to the possibility of re-defining the unit of length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620434
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