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  • Articles  (51)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (51)
  • Animals
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
  • Oryza sativa
  • Solanum tuberosum
  • phosphorus
  • temperature
  • Springer  (51)
  • 1980-1984  (51)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (51)
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  • Springer  (51)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 5 (1984), S. 371-382 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; dry areas ; apparent recovery fraction ; fertilizer management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Agronomic efficiency (AE) is defined as the increase in economic yield of a crop per unit fertilizer applied. Components of AE are physiological efficiency and apparent recovery fraction. The latter can be further separated into uptake efficiency and availability index. Ways to increase the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in rainfed agriculture through fertilizer management are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 455-463 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium ; chrysanthemum ; temperature ; flowering ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The number of days to flowering and the number of flowers per plant were studied at 12, 13, 15 and 17 C night temperature in 79 F1 populations from 15 parents. Only a few F1 plants flowered earlier than their parents; the majority flowered at the same time, later or not at all. The number of flowers of the F1 plants was higher than that of the parents. Genetic analyses showed a broad sense heritability of 70% for days to flowering and flower number and a highly significant GCA effect for days to flowering. The progenies and parents that flowered early at one temperature were generally early at all temperatures.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; temperature ; leaf area ; epidermal cells ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An investigation was carried out into the genotypic variation in the response to temperature of leaf area in tomatoes. Differences between genotypes in the response of the area of a leaf to contrasting temperature regimes were found, and this was due to variation in the number of epidermal cells. The epidermal cell size showed little response to temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the potential for selection for improved leaf area and the development of a rapid screening test for cold tolerance.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 355-362 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; tomato ; temperature ; leaf area ; leaf initiation ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genotypic variation in the response to temperature of the rate of leaf production is reported. Leaf production was measured as the rate of successive leaves passing a specific length and by dissecting plants to obtain the rate of leaf initiation. These results together with the results of leaf size from the previous paper. are compared to the effect of temperature on the total leaf area. The use of information from these experiments in selecting for increased leaf area at low temperature is discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; protoplast ; somaclonal variation ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Striking similarities appear to exist between selected protoplast-derived variants (PD-clones) of the potato cultivar Russet Burbank, and commonly occurring somatic potato sports, called ‘bolters’. A limited survey of individuals involved in the certification of Russet Burbank, revealed that bolters do commonly occur in this variety, are highly variable, and sometimes occur at high frequency. It is therefore suggested that bolters and the more promising selected PD-clones of Russest Burbank may be one and the same, arising from the same type of macromutation. One selected PD-clone, three different Russet Burbank bolters, and two controls were analyzed for 15 isozymes in the hope of determining if bolters and promising PD-clones belong to the same class of variants. No isozyme variation between Russet Burbank and its subclones was observed. The breeding value of protoplast-derived variation is discussed in this light.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 2 (1984), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; tuberisation ; gibberellic acid ; starch accumulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The sensitivity of aerial and subterranean tuberisation to photoperiod was studied in potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Aracy). Although photoperiodic sensitivity varied with the position along the stem, all buds could be induced to develop tubers under SD. Gibberellic acid (GA3) applied to induced (30 short days) cuttings inhibited the photoperiodic effect. No tubers were formed and orthotropic shoots developed instead. The GA3 caused a reduction in starch content in induced buds, lowering it to the same level as found in long-day treated plants. However, α-amylase activity of buds of induced plants was not affected by GA3, suggesting that GA3 does not inhibit tuberisation by promotion of starch hydrolysis.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 26 (1983), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; berry production ; tuber production ; survival ; germination ; rotation ; volunteer plants ; groundkeepers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Anteil der schottischen Kartoffelfläche, der mit Sorten wie Maris Piper und Désirée bestellt ist, die grosse Zahlen an Beeren produzieren können, stieg seit 1970 deutlich an (Tab. 1). Solche Sorten können dem Boden grosse Mengen an Kartoffelsamen (TPS) zuführen (Tab. 2) und ernste Unkrautprobleme schaffen. TPS kann im Boden eine siebenjährige Kartoffelzuchtfolge überleben (Tab. 3), während die Knollen der Sämlinge zum traditionellen Problem der Durchwuchskartoffeln beitragen (Abb. 1). Die Einflüsse von TPS als Unkraut in Kartoffelfruchtfolgen werden in Bezug auf Daten über Samenproduktion und Überleben und über Knollenbildung durch Sämlinge im Feld unter schottischen Bedingungen diskutiert. Verbesserungen der Erntetechniken können die Populationen der Durchwuchskartoffeln verringern, aber Sämlinge können in jedem Teil der Fruchtfolge erscheinen und die Population der Durchwuchskartoffeln auffüllen solange lebensfähige Samen im Boden vorhanden sind. Die Sämlinge können Probleme schaffen als ‘unerwünschte Pflanzen’ in Pflanzkartoffelbeständen oder in Feldern, auf denen ausgewählte TPS-Linien wachsen.
    Abstract: Résumé En Ecosse, les surfaces de pommes de terre plantées avec des variétés produisant un nombre de baies important, telles que Maris-Piper et Désirée, ont nettement augmenté au cours des années 70 (tableau 1). Ces variétés peuvent apporter des quantités importantes de semences vraies dans le sol (tableau 2) et créer de sérieux problèmes d'adventices. Les semences de pommes de terre peuvent survivre dans le sol avec cette culture tous les 7 ans dans la rotation (tableau 3) alors que les tubercules issus de semences ajoutent un problème en plus à celui traditionnel des repousses (fig. 1). En Ecosse, les conséquences des semences de pommes de terre, en temps que mauvaises herbes dans une rotation de plants, sont analysées à partir de chiffres indiquant la production et la survie de semences et la production de tubercules dans le champ issus de semences. Les améliorations apportées à l'arrachage peuvent réduire les populations traditionnelles de repousses mais des plantules issues de semences peuvent apparaître dans toute culture de la rotation et rétablir ainsi une population de repousses aussi longtemps que des semences viables demeurent dans le sol. Les plantes issues de semences peuvent elles-mêmes présenter un problème au niveau de l'épuration dans les cultures de plants ou dans les champs de sélection de lignées de semences vraies.
    Notes: Summary The proportion of the Scottish potato area planted to cultivars such as Maris Piper and Désirée, which can produce large numbers of berries, increased markedly during the 1970s. Such cultivars may add large quantities of true potato seed (TPS) to the soil and create serious weed problems. TPS can survive in the soil through a 7-year potato rotation, whilst tubers from seedlings add to the traditional groundkeeper problem. The implications of TPS as weeds of seed potato rotations are discussed in relation to data presented on seed production and survival and on tuber production by seedlings in the field under Scottish conditions. Seedlings may also present problems as ‘rogues’ in fields where TPS selected lines are grown.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Dionne's method ; ploidy ; chimaera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Entsprechend der Dionne-Technik wurden dihaploide Pflanzen mit Kolchizin behandelt. Zwischen den Wirkungen von zwei verschiedenen Kolchizin-Lösungen (0,5 und 1%) und Behandlungszeiten (24 und 48 h) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Signifikante Unterschiede zeigten sich jedoch zwischen Dihaploiden hinsichtlich ihrer Bereitschaft zur Chromosomen-Verdopplung. Die Ploidie der histogenen Schichten L1, L2 und L3 in den Produkten wurde durch Chloroplasten-Zählung in stomatären Wächterzellen ermittelt, entsprechend durch Zählung der meiotischen Chromosomen in Pollenmutterzellen und der mitotischen Chromosomen in Zellen von Wurzelspitzen. Tabelle 1 zeigt die Frequenzen der Pflanzen mit Tetraploidie in jeder Schicht. Die zytologische Auswertung geschah wie folgt. Zuerst wurde L3-Ploidie ermittelt und die 2x-Pflanzen zurückgestellt. Der Rest wurde auf L1-Ploidie untersucht; Pflanzen, die auch in dieser Schicht tetraploid waren, wurden auf L2-Ploidie ausgelesen. Die Ploidie von L2 und L3 war für alle Pflanzen identisch, ausgenommen einer von 85 Pflanzen, die in beiden Schichten untersucht worden waren. Die L1-Ploidie war in den meisten Fällen von der von L2 und L3 unterschiedlich. Daraus wird geschlossen, dass subaxillare Meristeme bei Kartoffeln zwei funktional unabhängige histogene Schichten haben könnten, die L1- bzw. L2- und L3-Gewebe ergeben. Wenn sich L2 von L3 unterscheidet, könnte dies auf seltene periklinale Teilungen von L1 zurückzuführen sein. Periklinale Chimären erweisen sich bis zu drei Knollengenerationen generell als stabil. Aufteilung in komplettes 2x- oder 4x-Gewebe erfolgt generell in der ersten Knollengeneration von Pflanzen, die in der L3-Schicht mixoploid sind. Wenn doppelt Dihaploide für den Gebrauch als funktionale Tetraploide in der Züchtung erforderlich sind, könnten diese zur Zurückstellung identifiziert werden, indem vor der Blüte die L3-Ploidie ermittelt wird, welche sporadisch und unregelmässig sein kann.
    Abstract: Résumé Des plantes dihaploïdes ont été traitées à la colchicine selon la méthode de Dionne. Aucune différence significative n'a été trouvée quant à l'efficacité des solutions de colchicine (0,5 à 1%) et des temps de traitement (24 et 48 h). Cependant en utilisant cette méthode, on a observé des différences dans la sensibilité des dihaploïdes au doublement des chromosomes. Les ploïdies de types L1, L2 et L3 des assises ont été déterminées par comptage des chloroplastes situés dans les cellules de garde des stomates, les chromosomes méiotiques par comptage dans les cellules-mères du pollen et les chromosomes mitotiques par comptage dans les cellules de l'extrémité des racines. Le tableau 1 présente les fréquences de plantes tétraploïdes de chaque assise. Le screening cytologique a été établi de la manière suivante: les ploïdies L3 ont été déterminées en premier lieu et les plantes diploïdes conservées à part. Le reste a été trié pour la ploïdie L1 et les plantes qui étaient également tétraploïdes ont été séparées pour la ploïdie L2. Les ploïdies L2 et L3 étaient identiques en tous points sauf pour 85 plantes récupérées dans les deux types. La ploïdie L1 était souvent différente de L2 et L3. On en conclut que chez la pomme de terre les méristèmes subaxillaires peuvent avoir deux assises à fonctions indépendantes donnant respectivement des tissus de types L1 et L2+L3. Lorsque L2 est différent de L3 cela peut être dû à de rares divisions périclines des cellules de type L1. Les chimères périclines demeurent généralement stables après trois générations de tubercules. Des tissus intégralement 2x ou 4x se forment généralement à la première génération de tubercules chez les plantes mixoploïdes en L3. Dans le cas où des dihaploïdes doublés sont recherchés en tant que tétraploïdes pour des hybridations, ils peuvent être identifiés dans le tri de la ploïdie L3 avant la floraison qui peut être sporatique et peu fréquente.
    Notes: Summary Dihaploids were treated with colchicine by using Dionne's technique. Cytological screening of the products showed there were differences between dihaploids in their susceptibilities to chromosome doubling by this method. All except one plant out of 85 screened had the same ploidy in L2 and L3 tissues. The ploidy of L1 tissues was frequently different from that of the other two layers. It was concluded that two independent histogenic layers, L1 and L2+L3, may be present in subaxillary meristems of potatoes. Chromosome counts of root-tip cells (L3 tissue) could be made prior to flowering in order to ascertain which plants should be retained for use as functional tetraploid parents in breeding experiments.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; Phureja ; Stenotomum ; Tuberosum ; marker gene ; haploid ; herbicide sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method for screening populations of potato genotypes for sensitivity to metribuzin has been developed. Plants grown from both tubers and true seed were screened in the greenhouse by growing them in a metribuzin-containing nutrient solution. Sensitivity to metribuzin was found to be determined by a single recessive gene in several categories of cultivated diploid potatoes. The gene symbol me is proposed. The frequency of me in a population of Solanum tuberosum Groups Phureja and Stenotomum was estimated at 0.7. The me gene is a potentially useful marker gene in potato genetics. Some implications of breeding for herbicide tolerance and the use of agricultural chemicals in germ plasm material are discussed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Malus ; apple ; Pyrus ; pear ; double pollination ; pollination interval ; temperature ; pioneer pollen ; seed set first pollen ; seed set second pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Double pollinations of apple and pear may double the seed production, to which the second pollen can contribute 3 times as many seeds as the first (pioneer) pollen, when the interval between pollinations is long enough (48 h) at low (≃ 10°C) or short enough (7 h) at high (≃ 20°C) temperatures. With shorter or longer intervals, the contribution of the second pollen to seed production diminishes. The dominance of the second pollen was attributed to promotion by the first one, the second pollen probably being optimally stimulated when the tubes of the first have passed about 1/3rd of the style. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the pioneer pollen method to overcome incompatibility, depends on whether the interval between pollinations can be usefully adjusted to both the environmentally (temperature) and inherently determined rate of pollen tube growth of the species.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 151-154 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: phosphorus ; proportion ; mango ; whole tree ; leaves ; bark ; wood ; roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Quantities of phosphorus present in different component parts of mango trees were estimated from July 1977 to June 1978 at the Horticultural Farm of the Gujarat Agricultural University, India. Because of high variation in the dry weight of the trees it was not possible to assess annual requirement of P by the trees. Hence a measure of comparability between P present in different months was sought to be established by expressing the quantity of P in a part of the tree as percentage of that in the whole tree.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 155-164 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; fertilization ; Norway spruce ; quartz-porphyry site ; reforestation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth of young Norway spruce plantations on quartz-porphyry sites can be improved by applying phosphorus fertilizer as this acid parent rock is extremely poor in phosphorus. If fertilization is performed in connection with reforestation, the increment in height and volume of the developing crop increases for a period of about ten years. Additional liming prolongs the duration of the P-fertilization effect up to 20 years. Liming stabilizes phosphorus in an available form in the humus layer and upper soil horizon. Nitrogen deficiency occurs only 10 to 15 years after planting and N applied up to then has no positive effect on spruce growth.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 281-285 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: mango ; foliar spray ; orthophosphoric acid ; phosphorus ; urea ; utilisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Orthophosphoric acid (0.5%) was sprayed along with and without 2 per cent urea on the mango (Mangifera indica L) cv. Langra trees in the months of September, November or March as well as in all the three months. There was an improvement of fruit set in the sprayed treatments which was high after March sprays. Significantly higher yields were obtained in triple spray treatments along with urea. The percentage of phosphorus in the fruits was raised by the sprays. The yield of phosphorus in the fruits was highest in March spray treatment and progressively less in November and September spray treatments. It was concluded that the urea given along with phosphorus improved the utilisation of phosphorus in the fruits by providing a better balance of nutrients.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 3 (1982), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: cocoa ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; soil analysis ; Nigeria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract No extensive investigation on the effect of fertilizers on Amazon cocoa variety (Theobroma cacao L.) has been performed in Nigeria. Therefore eight fertilizer treatments involving nitrogen and phosphorus, replicated six times at four locations across southern Nigeria, were established in 1973. The four N levels (N0, N1, N2, N3) involved were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1 y−1, and the two P levels (P0, P1) were 0 and 67 kg ha−1 y−1. Results of the first 5 years of fertilizer application are reported. Response to P was observed at all locations, and the response was statistically significant at 2 of the locations. There was no response to the application of nitrogen. The data suggest, however, that there is only a response to phosphorus when nitrogen is applied.
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  • 15
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 3 (1982), S. 191-292 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: spinach ; NO3-content ; ionic balance ; plant age ; season of growth ; soil moisture ; soil pH ; Mo-spraying ; light intensity ; temperature ; K-dressing ; P-dressing ; varietal differences ; N-dressing ; plant-available N ; N-form ; NO3: NH4-ratio ; nitrification ; inhibitors ; type of N-carrier ; time of application of N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Environmental factors and cultural measures affecting the NO3-content in spinach were studied indoors, in water-, sand- and soil-culture experiments. In the field, the influences of variations in N-fertilizing practices and in spinach varieties were also tested. High NO3-contents in spinach were found with low light intensities, with low soil-moisture contents, and with high temperatures. NO3-contents increased with increasing K-dressing (less so with KCl than with K2SO4), but decreased with increasing soil pH. In pot experiments, positive results were obtained with sulphur-coated urea, with farmyard manure and with pigmanure slurry. Application of Mo as a spray onto spinach leaves, and variations in P-dressings and in soil P-status were found not to affect the NO3-content in spinach. In pot experiments, NO3-contents decreased with progressing plant age (in autumn less so than in spring). Within spinach plants, NO3-contents were highest in petioles and older leaves. Varietal differences in NO3-contents were observed in a pot- and a field experiment. In pot- and field experiments, partial or complete replacement of NO3-N by NH4-N in general caused the NO3-content in spinach to decrease. However, such a replacement was shown not always to result in lower NO3-contents. Additional factors involved are e.g. the use and effectiveness of nitrification inhibitors, the soil type and the amount of available N. The amount of N added and, in the field, the amount of N available in the soil before sowing, strongly affected the NO3-content in spinach. Under field conditions, nitrogen appeared to be taken up from the top 60 cm of the soil profile. The effects of variations in timing of nitrogen applications were absent in a pot experiment and not consistent in field experiments.
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  • 16
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    Potato research 25 (1982), S. 155-164 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; wound-healing ; sprout inhibition ; polyphenols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die möglichen Gründe für den gesteigerten mikrobiellen Abbau von Kartoffeln während der Lagerung unter tropischen Umweltbedingungen oder nach der Bestrahlung mit Röntgenstrahlen zur Keimhemmung aufzuklären, wurde der Einfluss von Temperatur und Bestrahlung auf die durch Verletzung induzierte Suberin-und Peridermentwicklung untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl die Suberinisierung als auch die Peridermentwicklung bei 25°C schneller verlaufen, während sie bei 10–15°C verlangsamt sind. Temperaturen über 35°C verhindern die Peridermbildung und verzögern die Suberinisierung (Tabelle 1). Das Ausmass der Polyphenolbildung war im 1 mm unter der Verletzung bei 20, 25 und 28–30°C ähnlich der bei 10°C und 15°C während es bei 35°C verringert war (Abb. 2). Histochemische Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Suberinisierung in unbestrahlten Knollen und in Knollen, die bis zu 100 Gy erhalten hatten, der optimalen Dosis für die Keimhemmung, im gleichen Ausmass erfolgte (Tabelle 2). Aus diesen Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, dass der Verdopplungsmechanismus der DNS auf Bestrahlung empfindlicher reagiert als die Suberinsynthese. Der Gehalt an Polyphenolen in den suberinisierten Zellschichten war in bestrahlten Knollen vergleichsweise höher (Tabelle 3). 20–30 Gy an Röntgenstrahlen reichten aus, um die Wundperidermbildung zu unterbinden (Tabelle 2 und Abb. 1), während für die Keimhemmung eine Minimaldosis von 50 Gy benötigt wurde. Das bedeutet, dass die Meristeme in den ruhenden Knospen auf die Bestrahlung weniger empfindlich reagieren als die Kerne in den potentiellen Peridermzellen. Die suberinisierten Zellschichten können von der Wundoberfläche unbestrahlter Knollenhälften leicht abgeschoben werden, während das bei Knollen, die einer Bestrahlung von 20 Gy und mehr ausgesetzt waren, nicht möglich ist. Dieser Unterschied könnte als Methode zur Identifizierung bestrahlter Knollen verwendet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Schädigung der Wundperidermentwicklung ein Hauptgrund für die gesteigerte mikrobielle Fäule von Kartoffelknollen während der Lagerung bei tropischen Temperaturen oder nach Bestrahlung zur Keimhemmung ist.
    Abstract: Résumé L'influence de la température et de l'irradiation sur la subérisation d'une blessure occasionnée et sur le développement du périderme a été étudiée, dans le but d'expliquer les déchets de pourritures microbiennes sur des tubercules mis en conservation sous des conditions de climat tropical ou à la suite d'une exposition aux rayons gamma en vue de l'inhibition de la germination. Le développement du périderme et la subérisation se sont effectués rapidement à 25°C mais les réactions ont été retardées à 10 ou 15°C. Une température de 35°C a empêché la formation de périderme et retardé la subérisation (tableau 1). Le taux de polyphénol dans la 1ère couche d'1 mm sous la blessure était sensiblement le même à 10, 15, 20, 25 et 28–30°C mais il avait diminué à 35°C (figure 2). Les résultats de l'analyse hystochimique ont montré que la subérisation avait progressé à vitesse égale pour des tubercules non-irradiés et des tubercules irradiés à plus de 100 Gy, dose optimale correspondant à l'inhibition de la germination. Ces résultats suggèrent que le mécanisme de réplication de l'ADN est plus sensible à la radiation que la biosynthèse de la subérine. Le niveau de polyphénols dans les couches cellulaires en voie de subérisation était plus élevé dans les tubercules irradiés que dans les tubercules non irradiés (tableau 3). 20 à 30 Gy de rayons gamma ont suffi pour empêcher la formation du périderme de cicatrisation (tableau 2 et figure 1) tandis que la dose minimale nécessaire à l'inhibition de la germination était de 50 Gy. Les méristèmes de germes en dormance seraient donc moins sensibles à l'irradiation que les noyaux des cellules du périderme potentiel. Les couches cellulaires subérisées peuvent facilement se détacher de la surface endommagée lorsqu'il s'agit de tubercules non irradiés, tandis qu'elles sont difficilement séparables dans le cas de tubercules exposés à 20 Gy ou plus. Cette différence peut conduire à une méthode d'identification des tubercules irradiés. La recrudescence des pourritures microbiennes sur tubercules mis en conservation à des températures tropicales ou exposés aux rayons gamma en vue d'inhibition de la germination, semble liée principalement au ralentisement du développement d'un périderme de cicatrisation.
    Notes: Summary Histochemical evaluation of the wound-induced suberization and periderm formation, the processes of wound healing, in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) showed that both the processes occur most rapidly at 25°C. Wound-healing is delayed at 10 or 15°C while a temperature of 35°C prevented periderm formation and retarded suberization. Gamma irradiation up to 100 Gy, the optimal dose for sprout inhibition, did not affect suberization, which suggests that the DNA-replicating mechanism is more radiation-sensitive than suberin biosynthesis. A dose of 20 to 30 Gy, which had no effect on sprouting inhibited wound periderm formation indicating that meristems in resting buds are apparently less sensitive to irradiation than nuclei of the potential periderm cells. It seems probable that a major cause for the bacterial soft rot occurring in tubers when stored under high tropical ambient temperatures or when irradiated for sprout inhibition is due to an impairment of the wound periderm formation.
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    European journal of plant pathology 88 (1982), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: coffee leaf rust ; complete resistance ; major gene resistance ; temperature ; heterogeneous reaction type ; components of resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Resistentie van koffie tegen fysio II vanHemileia vastatrix werd getoetst in milieus bij lichtintensiteiten (LI), die varieerden van 17 tot 100% van de totale instraling. Negen behandelingen, bestaande uit de combinaties van drie niveaus van LI vóór inoculatie en drie ná inoculatie, werden toegepast op zaailingen van het vatbareCoffea arabica ras Mundo Novo. Toenemende LI vóór inoculatie veroorzaakte een significante toename in lesiedichtheid, terwijl het tegenovergestelde werd waargenomen bij de behandeling na inoculatie. Maximale verschillen in lesiedichtheid waren drievoudig. De interactie tussen behandelingen vóór en ná inoculatie was ook significant. Bij extreem hoge LI ná inocultie trad necrose van de lesies op. Genotypen van de Icatu populatie en van hetC. canephora ras Kouillou, met verschillende ziektescores in het veld, werden beproefd in verschillende milieus, waarbij een constante LI voor en na inoculatie werd toegepast. De resistentie van de meeste genotypen kwam beter tot uiting bij lage LI dan bij hoge LI, wat ook waargenomen werd voor het controle ras Mundo Novo. Bij het ras Kouillou werden de dichtheid van sporulerende lesies, de latentieperiode en het reactietype significant beïnvloed door LI en genotype. De interactie tussen LI en genotype was ook significant voor dichtheid van sporulerende lesies en voor reactietype, voornamelijk doordat het meest resistente genotype niet, of in de omgekeerde richting, beïnvloed werd door LI. De expressive van het resistentiegen Sh4 bleek ook afhankelijk van het milieu. Waarnemingen aan een uitsplitsende F2-populatie duidden op een dominante genwerking in de kas (lage LI) en een incompleet dominante, of bijna recessieve, genewerking in de kwekerij (hoge LI). Deze incomplete dominantie uitte zich d.m.v. heterogene tot vatbare reactietypes van heterozygote planten (SH4sH4) onder hoge LI. Enkele ecologische en veredelingstechnische aspecten van de waargenomen invloed van LI worden besproken.
    Notes: Abstract Resistance of coffee to race II ofHemileia vastatrix was tested in different environments at light intensities (LI) from 17 to 100% of total outdoor radiation. Nine treatments, in which three levels of LI before inoculation were combined with three levels of LI after inoculation, were applied to seedlings of the susceptible cv. Mundo Novo. Higher LI before inoculation induced a significant increase in lesion density, whereas the opposite was observed for treatments after inoculation. Maximum differences in lesion density were threefold. The interaction between pre-and post-inoculation treatments was also significant. Necrosis of lesions occurred under extremely high LI after inoculation. Genotypes of the Icatu population and ofCoffea canephora cv. Kouillou, which varied in disease level in the field, were tested in different environments, constant LI being applied before and after inoculation. Most genotypes were more resistant at low LI than at high LI, paralleling the results obtained for the control cv. Mundo Novo. With cv. Kouillou, sporulating lesion density, latency period and reaction type were significantly affected by LI and genotype. The interaction between LI and genotypes was significant for sporulating lesion density and reaction type, mainly because the most resistent genotype was not affected, or affected in opposite direction, by LI. Environment affected the expression of the resistance gene SH4. Observations on a segregating F2 population indicated dominant gene action in the greenhouse (low LI) and incomplete dominant to nearly recessive gene action in the nursery (high LI). Incomplete dominance was expressed by heterogeneous to susceptible reaction types of heterozygote plants (SH4sH4), under high LI. Some ecological and breeding aspects of the observed effect of LI on resistance to coffee leaf rust are discussed.
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    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 55-67 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Klebsiella ; Nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; Phyllosphere ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The beneficial effect of spraying some highly active phyllosphere N2-fixing microorganisms on high and low yielding cultivars of rice plants as compared with that of urea applied at different doses are described. The dry weight, N-content, 1000 grain weight, and yield were remarkably increased in all cases with the application of phyllosphere microorganisms. The performance of two isolates KUP4 and KUPBR2 with IR-8 and IR-26 rice, was better than that of 52 kg urea-N per hectare. IR-579 rice leaves in association with some phyllosphere bacteria reduced acetylene at the rate of 664–816 nmoles/g leaf/h. In IR-26 rice the effect of application of bacterial suspension at three phases of plant growth corresponded very well with that of urea application in three split doses under identical conditions. Recommended fertilizer rates produced the same yield as the half dose plus bacterial spray in the cultivars Pankaj and Rupsail. Fertilizer application in Pankaj and Rupsail rice reduced nitrogenase activity and the beneficial effects of phyllosphere N2-fixation was reduced by 40–55%.
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    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 485-492 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium ; light ; temperature ; selection ; genotype environment interaction ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chysanthemum cultivars were grown in 4 experiments in the greenhouse and in the phytotron. The growing conditions in the greenhouse varied from 14 C, 60 J cm2 day-1 to 17 C. 431 J cm2 day-1, those in the phytotron from 12 to 455 J cm-2 day-1 at a temperature of either 14 or 20 C. Most cultivars responded differentially to light and/or temperature, but this was only measurable when large differences in light and/or temperature were imposed. Reducing the light level in a greenhouse by 50% does not bring out cultivar×light interactions. Such interactions may be pronounced however when the performance in summer is compared with that in winter. This is also reflected in the correlation coefficients. The correlations between summer and winter performance for number of flowers per stem and the number of days to flowering are non-significant, those for the 7 other traits measured were all significant. The occurrence of interactions does not preclude the possibility of breeding cultivars adapted to a wide range of light and temperature conditions. Appropriate selection procedures are discussed.
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    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Nitrate ; Nutrient interactions ; Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Solution culture ; Uptake kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An important process which affects the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to a rice crop is crop N uptake. This uptake rate is controlled by many factors including the N-ion species and its concentration. In this study the relation between N concentration at the root surface and N uptake was characterized using Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The equation considers two parameters, Vmax and Km, which are measures of the maximum rate of uptake and the affinity of the uptake sites for the nutrient, respectively. Uptake rates of intact rice plants growing in a continuously flowing nutrient solution system were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model using a weighted regression analysis. For NH4−N the Km values for 4- and 9-week-old rice plants indicated a high affinity for the ammonium ions relative to concentrations reported for rice soils after fertilization. The Vmax values expressed on a unit-root-mass basis decreased with plant age, indicating a reduction in the average density of uptake sites on the root surface. The kinetics of NO3−N uptake was similar to that of NH4−N when NO3−N was the only N source. However, if NH4−N and NO3−N were present simultaneously in the solution the Vmax for the uptake of NO3−N was severely reduced, while the Km was affected very little. This inhibition appears to be noncompetitive. Fertilization of young rice plants leading to concentration of N at the root surface above approximately 900 μM will not increase crop uptake and may contribute to inefficient N recovery by the crop. The existence of NH4−N and NO3−N simultaneously at the root surface may also lead to inefficient N recovery because of reduced uptake of NO3−N.
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  • 21
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    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Deep placement ; Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Surface application ; Urea ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of deep placement and surface application of urea fertilizer on the yield of rice grown in pots of alluvial clay soil covered with 5 cm water was studied under controlled conditions. Application of two levels of urea supergranules and prills (2 g and 4 g urea/0.1 m2) on the surface of submerged soil increased the vegetative growth and enhanced the grain yield as much as 85%. However, no difference in yield was found between urea prills applied in three split doses and one application of urea supergranules. Deep placement of two levels of urea supergranules in the soil at four different depths (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 cm) resulted in the highest yields. The fertilizer was most efficient when the highest concentration was placed in the soil at a depth of 5.0 cm. This application method increased the grain yield by 20% as compared with the soil surface application.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Iron ; Manganese ; Oryza sativa ; Phosphate ; Rice ; Vertisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field experiment was conducted on a calcareous vertisol at Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri to study the release of Fe, Mn and P in soil and yield of two rice cultivars due to different soil water treatments for 15 days prior to sowing. Soil saturation (daily two irrigations) for 15 days prior to sowing increased the supply of Fe, Mn and P in soil at sowing as a result of reduction in pH and Eh. Dry matter yield at different growth stages as well as grain yields of Karjat 184 (dwarf) and Tuljapur 1 (tall) also increased due to presowing soil saturation treatment. Tuljapur 1 yielded more than Karjat 184 when grown under upland conditions. Laboratory incubation studies showed reduction in soil pH (from 8.6 to 7.5) and Eh (from +501 to +362 mv) at the end of 15 days under soil submergence treatment. Availability of Fe, Mn and P was also found to be increased.
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  • 23
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    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 217-222 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Oryza sativa ; Phragmites communis ; Reed ; Rhizosphere ; Rice ; Roots ; Soil temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relation of nitrogenase activity (ethylene evolution) to soil temperature or incubation temperature of roots was determined on two genera of swamp plants, namely rice (Oryza sativa) cultivated in tropical climate and reed (Phragmites communis) grown in temperate regions. For both intact rice plants and excised rice roots the optimum temperature was 35°C. On excised roots nitrogenase activity responded more sensitivity to changes in temperature. In contrast to intact rice plants no ethylene evolution occurred on excised roots at 17 and 44°C. On reed roots temperature optimum was between 26 and 30°C which is clearly lower than on rice (35°C). The temperature range in which nitrogen fixation occurred was, however, similar to that of rice, although on a lower level. The results suggest a higher potential of the tropics for associative N2 fixation, while in cooler climates the lower temperatures appear to be a major limiting factor.
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  • 24
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    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 123-126 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: DTPA-iron ; Green manure ; Iron chlorosis ; Oryza sativa ; Rice nursery ; Sesbania cannabina ; Upland rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary On a Typic Ustochrept soil incorporation of 10 tons/ha of a green manure plus submergence for 10 days followed by raising upland nursery checked iron chlorosis. In contrast, presubmergence with and without FYM and iron sulfate or pyrite were a failure. Nor weekly sprays with 3.0% iron sulfate were found very effective. The success of green manure plus submergence was associated with the mobilization of soil iron as a result of intense reduction and its subsequent retention in available form at a sufficient high level during the growth of upland nursery.
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    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 585-590 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; S. phureja ; pollen competition ; certation ; U.V. fluorescence ; 2n gametes ; dihaploid induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Pollen competition in vivo was studied by placing two pollen samples on one stigma and comparing the length of the tubes under a U.V. microscope. Comparisons involving pollen of Solanum tuberosum and S. phureja showed that 2x pollen grew faster than x pollen, both in 2x and x styles. Consequences for induction of dihaploids in S. tuberosum are discussed.
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    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; maternal effects ; cytoplasmic inheritance ; dauermodification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A number of reports have indicated differences in reciprocal families of Solanum tuberosum when intergroup hybrids were studied. Questions have been raised concerning the potential magnitude, frequency, and genetic basis for such differences. In this study, exact reciprocal crosses were made using parents characterized by different maturities and having different cytoplasmic sources within Solanum tuberosum in order to substantiate previous claims of reciprocal differences and to clarify the nature of such differences. Field trials revealed reciprocal differences which were large and highly significant. Reciprocal yield differences of up to 115% were observed when parents of opposite maturities were used. In seven crosses, the higher-yielding reciprocal always had the higher-yielding parent as the maternal parent. Significant reciprocal differences for flowering and vine maturity were also observed between some families. The F2 populations were generated for one set of reciprocals and the reciprocal differences in the F2 generation seemed to be substantially reduced relative to the F1 generation. It is concluded that the occurrence of large reciprocal differences seems to depend more upon having parents of opposite maturity than upon the taxonomic origin of the parent's cytoplasm. This, in conjunction with the reduced F2 reciprocal differences, suggests that observed differences may be due to very persistent maternal effects or a type of dauermodification, rather than true cytoplasmic inheritance.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; cold tolerance ; rapid generation advance ; selection for growth ; tolerance and plant height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variability of the hybrid population can be preserved through generations during the process of rapid generation advance (RGA). Effective selection can be done in an early generation for those traits having high heritability value like growth duration and plant height. But selection is not advantageous for traits having low heritability. Thus, selection for panicle exsertion, cold tolerance at seedling stage and panicle length would not be wise during the early generations. However, in the low temperature areas growth duration and plant height are two important factors which determine varietal suitability. As selection of these two characters are possible through RGA, it should be a standard parctice during RGA to eliminate the plants with long growth duration and select plants with optimum plant height.
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    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 755-759 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; callus induction ; plant regeneration ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A procedure for plant regeneration from callus culture of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. is described. Calli were induced from 1–2 mm long shoot apices of potato cultivars Cara and A25/19 on half-strength Murashige and Skoog's medium (half-MS) supplemented with 3.2 mg IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 1.0 mg kinetin (6-furfurylamino)purine], and 0.5 mg 2,4-D [2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]/1. Sixty percent explants produced nodular calli on this medium within 30 days. Calli differentiated into shoot-primordia when subcultured on half-MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg 2,4-D and 1.0 mg zeatin [6-(4-hydroxy-3-methybut-2 enylamino)amino purine]/1. Differentiated calli on half-MS medium without growth hormones produced complete plantlets which were cloned on the same medium and transferred into soil.
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  • 29
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    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 815-816 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritence ; threshability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of grain threshability was studied in a cross between two indica rice varieties. Hard threshability was found to be completely dominant over easy threshability. The segregation pattern indicated threshability to be monogenically controlled.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; Globodera pallida ; Globodera rostochiensis ; potato cyst nematode ; canister technique ; hand-held terminal ; micro-computer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An automated system of data capture and summarisation is described. Although it is of widespread applicability, it is illustrated by a specific example involving the screening of potato tubers for resistance to potato cyst nematode.
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    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 291-300 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; salt-tolerance ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic behavior of salt tolerance was studied in artificially salinized conditions at the International Rice Research Institute. Divergent selection, carried out at a salinity level where the ECe was 15.2 mmhos/cm at 25 C in F3 lines from two crosses confirmed the effects of salt tolerance on F4 progeny with realized heritability values of 0.39 and 0.62, respectively. In a cross between two tolerant cultivars there was clear over-dominance for tolerance, despite the high environmental fluctuation which resulted in a low genetic response as indicated by a low but significant repeatability of 0.20–0.25, and many progeny lines more tolerant than the parents were recovered. The superior tolerance of these progenies compared to the parents was confirmed subsequently at 3 different salt levels. In the same experiment a cross between tolerant and susceptible cultivars produced some progeny of comparable tolerance with tolerant sources. In a 6×6 diallel cross experiment with two tolerant, moderate, and susceptible varieties each, both general and specific combining ability were significant. The findings indicate the possibility of breeding rices more tolerant than existing tolerant cultivars through cumulative crosses of tolerant cultivars. Further improvement can be attained by crossing highly tolerant lines with donors of good agronomic traits and pest and disease resistance.
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    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 253-257 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; adverse soils ; mineral deficiency ; salinity ; alkalinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A preliminary investigation on the inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency and the inter-relationship of tolerances to Zn deficiency and alkalinity was made. Three generations of 2 crosses involving parents tolerant (IR20 and IR30) and sensitive (E425) to Zn stress were screened in IRRI concrete beds. One hundred genotypes (varieties and breeding lines) were screened for injury from alkalimity and Zn deficiency. The results of this experiment and earlier mass screening experiments were subjected to association analyses. The results in general indicated that tolerance to different mineral stresses behave nearly independently. The frequency distribution of ratings for 3 generations indicated that the trait tolerance to Zn deficiency is under polygenic control showing continuous variation and transgression in F2. Tolerance seems to be dominant. The heritability varied between crosses.
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    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 541-546 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; anther culture ; isolated pollen grain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Factors favouring callus proliferation and subsequent regeneration of plants from pollen grains of rice anthers (Oryza sativa L., cvx. Bahia, Girona, Balilla × Sollana and Sequial) were determined. Cultivar differences in response were found, such as a high rate of haploid plant regeneration. In addition, isolated pollen grain culture was used to induce tissue proliferation outside the anther walls. The frequency of callus formation from isolated pollen grains was very low. It was necessary to preculture the anthers before pollen grain separation, in order to accomplish a successful development later. Root differentiation was observed in some of the obtained callus.
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza glaberrima ; African rice ; Oryza sativa ; common rice ; non-glutinous character ; glutinous character ; gene symbol ; cytoplasm substitution line ; fertility-restoring gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In common rice, Oryza sativa L. (n=12), the gene Am for ‘non-glutinous’ is dominant over the gene am for ‘glutinous’. In African rice, O. glaberrima Steud. (n=12), no spontaneous glutinous strain has been found, but recently a glutinous strain of glaberrima was induced by EMS-treatment. The interspecific cytoplasm substitution line with sativa cytoplasm and glaberrima nucleus is male sterile. It has been confirmed that the complete restoration of pollen fertility in this male sterile line is attributed to a single dominant nuclear gene Rf j.Trial to transfer gene am from sativa to glaberrima was commenced with backcrosses of the F1 hybrid (glutinous sativa cv. Iwai-mochi ♀ × glaberrima ♂) to glaberrima type plants of the substitution line homozygous for Rf j,using the latter as the pollen parent. At the B1 step, highly fertile glaberrima type Am/am plants were obtained. Thereafter plants of this type were backcrossed to normal glaberrima as the recurrent pollen parent to complete the nuclear substitution. It was confirmed that the EMS-induced glutinous character of glaberrima was a monogenic recessive and that the same gene controls the expression of glutinous character in the different rice species, sativa and glaberrima.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum phureja ; potato ; unreduced gametes ; first division restitution ; 4x-2x hybrids ; hollow heart ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A factorial mating design with six 4x cultivars as stylar parents mated to three groups of pollen parents (4x cultivars, 4x high protein selections, and 2x S. phureja) was used to study breeding behavior of yield, tuber set, marketable yield and hollow heart in potatoes. Mean yield for the 4x-2x hybrids was equivalent to that of their cultivar parents although yield components, tuber set and average tuber size, were greater and less, respectively, than the cultivar parents. High estimates of general combining ability were found in both pollen and stylar parents for yield, tuber set, marketable yield, number of marketable tubers and hollow heart in all three hybrid populations. Specific combining ability estimates were significant only for yield and hollow heart. Frequency of white-fleshed 4x-2x progeny of five heterozygous yellow-fleshed 2x phureja genotypes was used to confirm cytological identification of a first division restitution mechanism operative in the 2x parents. Although three of these phureja genotypes generated high-yielding progeny, two others produced 4x-2x progeny with mean yield similar to that of hybrids among 4x cultivars.
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  • 36
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    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 283-290 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; root pulling force ; drought resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Drought is a constraint to rice yields in much of Asia's rainfed rice crop. Although genotypic variation for root system characteristics is well documented in this semiaquatic species, little improvement of rice for drought resistance has been attempted. No simple method to evaluate root systems exists. In this paper we report the development and testing of a simple device to measure the pulling force required to uproot rice seedlings. The force required to pull rice seedlings from the paddy soil was correlated with root weight, root branching and thick root number. The capability to separate rice cultivars by this technique and relationship of the root pulling force to other drought screening methods are illustrated.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritance ; flowering ; awning ; awn colour ; panicle density ; panicle exsertion ; liguleless ; bent node ; pigmentation ; linkage ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The cross of two indica types of rice T9 and M35, provided scope for the inheritance study of 16 characters such as flowering, awning and awn colour, panicle density and panicle exsertion, presence of ligule, bent node, and pigmentation in ten other characters. Besides the purple colour, yellow and chalky white were studied for their inheritance. Two to five pairs of factors were found to govern the 16 characters under study. Complementary, duplicate, complementary duplicate, inhibitory complementary and inhibitory duplicate action of genes was observed. Independent dominant action of individual genes which is equivalent to the action of two or three genes is recorded in respect of panicle density and awning and awn colour. Inheritance of the 16 characters shows the involvement of 59 genes unreported in the past. Out of them 19 are inhibitors. Combined segregation data have revaled the existence of many pleiotropic genes acting on two or more characters and exhibiting differential expression in some of them, which is an interesting part of the present study. Linkage analysis has resulted in the assignment of the record number of 17 genes to a single group, nine of them being inhibitors. The linkage map constructed in the order of genes as suggested by the cross over values shows a good agreement. This linkage group is concluded not to form part of any group propounded by Misro et al. (1966) in indica rice.
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  • 38
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    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 747-754 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritance ; pigmentation ; panicle density ; linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of anthocyanin pigmentation and the interrelationship between genes governing anthocyanin pigmentation in different parts of the rice plant and genes governing panicle density were studied in the cross Suma × Wanar-1. A ratio of 45 pigmented: 19 non pigmented was realised for anthocyanin accumulation in sheath, nodal ring, internode, leaf tip, leaf margin and apiculus whereas a ratio of 3 normal:1 laxy was observed for panicle density. Pleiotropic action of a basic gene (A) and each of the two complementary duplicate genes (P a or P b) was detected. A linkage group of genes localising pigment in six plant parts was identified, the sequence of genes being P nr-P lm-P la-P a-P sh-P in. This may form part of the III ‘S p’ group of Misro et al. (1966), in which case the genes P nr and P la are proposed to be additions to this group.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum phureja ; potato ; potato protein ; tuber protein ; 4x-2x hybrids ; first division restitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary True protein content among tubers within a plant of Solanum tuberosum cv. Oneida was found to be negatively correlated with tuber size. A similar study of S. phureja genotype 148-17 revealed no correlation. Tuber protein was determined for 250 genotypes in each of four hybrid potato populations in a factorial mating design with four potato cultivars as stylar parents mated to four groups of pollen parents (4x cultivars, 4x high protein selections, 2x S. phureja, 2x high protein S. phureja). The hybrid population derived from the 4x high protein selections was significantly higher in protein content than the other populations. High estimates of general combining ability for tuber protein content were found for both stylar and pollen parents. Poor photoperiodic adaptation to growing conditions in northern latitudes was a possible explanation for the variable protein phenotypes typical of S. phureja and the lack of transmission of the high protein character in phureja to 4x-2x hybrids. Although protein content was negatively correlated with total yield, high protein segregates with good yield potential were identified in all four populations.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; mutation breeding ; in vitro propagation ; adventitious bud technique ; chimerism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It was investigated what potentialities for mutation breeding of potato are offered by using adventitious sprouts that arise in vitro from leaf explants (rachis, petiole, leaflet-disc) after X-irradiation. Mutation frequency and chimerism were studied in subterranean and aerial parts in three vegetative generations (vM1, vM2, vM3). Plants obtained from irradiated series produced a very high mutation frequency, a wide mutation spectrum and a very low rate of chimerism. Mutations were observed also in control series, especially in plants derived from the rachis and petiole explant group.
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  • 41
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    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 141-145 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato germplasm conservation ; tissue culture ; cryopreservation ; germplasm banks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plants have been regenerated from cultures of potato meristems freeze-preserved in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) for 24 months. The implications and the feasibility of employing cryogenic methods for the long-term conservation, and international exchange of germplasm of potato, and other vegetatively propagated crops are pointed out.
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  • 42
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 1 (1980), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: soil fertility ; phosphorus ; potassium ; green manure ; crop rotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the soil phosphorus and potassium status on three farming systems in the Northeast Polder during 25 years are related to the fertilizer regime over this period. The changes in the nutrient status of the soil are reflected in fertilizer policy. High rates of phosphate dressings markedly increased the phosphate status of the soil and built up a reserve of phosphate. In contrast, the potassium status decreased by about half, because only potatoes in the rotation were dressed with potassium. Methods of fertilization are discussed and suggestions are made with regard to possible improvements.
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  • 43
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 1 (1980), S. 235-244 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; compound fertilizer ; placement ; irrigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen experiments were carried out on maincrop potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in the main growing areas of the United Kingdom to compare broadcast, sideband placed and split applications of compound fertilizer. In experiments without irrigation, yield increased up to about 1250 kg ha−1 of compound fertilizer (N:P:K 15:6.6:15.8 or 15:8.3:15.8), while with full irrigation there was a response to at least 1875 kg ha−1. Placement gave a higher yield than broadcast at 625 kg ha−1, while at 1250 kg ha−1 and 1875 kg ha−1 broadcast, placed and split applications gave similar yields.
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  • 44
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    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 449-452 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; propagation ; micropropagation ; rooting ; establishment ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plants of cvs Kennebec and Pontiac were propagated in petri dishes or flasks and rooted and transplanted into the field as cuttings. Plants from eight week old cuttings gave higher final yields than those from six-week-old cuttings. The field performance of Pontiac plants propagated in petri dishes was superior to that of plants propagated in flasks. Yields from cuttings were between 30% and 97% of those of plants from tubers.
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  • 45
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    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 445-448 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; micropropagation ; multiplication ; gibberellic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method is described for propagating potato shoot tips with liquid culture in petri dishes. With cv: Exton, Pontiac, Kennebec and Sebago multiplication rates could exceed 8-fold every 8 weeks. The petri dishes can be packed so as to accommodate large numbers of multiplying tips in a small space.
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  • 46
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    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 9-18 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: micropropagation ; phytohormones ; light ; temperature ; shaking ; axillary buds ; rapid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur raschen Vermehrung von abgetrennten Triebspitzen auf einem keimfreien, flüssigen Nährboden beschrieben. Triebspitzen wurden von Knollen entnommen, die vorher gründlich gewaschen wurden. Die Oberfläche wurde keimfrei gemacht, die Knollen in 2–4 Stücke geschnitten, für 1 Stunde in 100 mg/l Gibberellinsäure getaucht und dann auf Saugpapier gelegt, das von Zeit zu Zeit mit 1,0 mM CaCl2 befeuchtet wurde. Die Triebspitzen wurden herausgeschnitten, wenn sie 15–25 mm lang waren, sterilisiert und der unterste Teil von 2–5 mm weggeschnitten. Als Nährboden wurde derjenige nach Murashige und Skoog (1962) (MS) verwendet, ohne Kaseinhydrolysat. Nährboden und Zvtokinine wurden im Autoklav sterilisiert. Gibberellinsäurelösungen wurden filtersterilisiert. Feste bzw. flüssige Nährböden waren nicht zufriedenstellend, auch nicht bei fortwährendem Schütteln. Wenn die Triebspitzen dagegen in 100 ml-Kolben mit 20 ml Nährboden während 1,5 Stunden pro Tag und 50 U mdrehungen pro Minute während 4 Wochen geschüttelt und dann stationär gehalten wurden, zeigten sie gutes Wachstum, besonders bei Vorhandensein von 0,5 mg/l Kinetin plus 0,1 mg/l Gibberellinsäure (Abb. 1). Dagegen zeigten Triebspitzen von 10–15 mm, die von solchen aus Vermehrung auf Nährboden (Subkultur-Triebspitzen) stammten, besseres Waschstum beim Vorkommen von 5 mg/l Kinetin plus 0,01 mg/l Gibberellinsäure. Kinetin übertraf 6-γ, γ (Dimethylallylamin) Purin oder 6-Benzylaminpurin (Tabelle 1). Licht hatte deutliche Einflüsse auf das Wachstum. Subkultur-Triebspitzen wuchsen am besten mit ‘Grund’-Belichtung (Lichtintensität: 28 μE m−2s−1) (Abb. 2; Tabelle 2) während der 4 Wochen dauernden Schüttelphase der Inkubation. Während der folgenden stationären Phase war eine hohe Lichtintensität am günstigsten: 120 μE m−2s−1 für eine einmalige Subkultur (Abb. 3), aber 47 μE m−2s−1 für wiederholte Subkulturen (Abb. 4). Die optimale Temperatur während der stationären Phase variierte je nach Sorte. Für Kennebec und Pontiac betrug sie 21/16°C (je 12 Stunden), für Exton war sie 24/19°C (Tabelle 3). Bei der Ernte der Triebspitzen wurden die Kolbeninhalte in eine sterile Petrischale gelegt und die Spitzen ausgeschnitten. Innerhalb 1–2 Wochen entwickelte sich ein zweiter Bestand von Triebspitzen auf den Rückständen in der Petrischale. Diese konnte geerntet werden, und ein dritter und oft auch ein vierter Nachwuchs konnte aus dem gleichen Material erzielt werden. Diese Methode dürfte als rasche Vermehrungstechnik eine eingehende Auswertung verdienen.
    Abstract: Résumé Une méthode est décrite pour obtenir la multiplication rapide d’extrémités de pousses en milieu liquide asceptique. Ces dernières ont été obtenues à partir de tubercules lavés et stérilisés en surface puis coupés en 2 à 4 morceaux. Les fragments ainsi obtenus ont éte trempés pendant une heure dans une solution d’acide gibberellique à 100 mg/l et disposés sur un papier absorbant humidifié occasionnellement avec une solution de CaCl2 à 1 mM. Les extrémités des pousses ont été excisées quand celles-ci ont atteint 15 à 25 mm de long et stérilisées; 2 à 5 mm de la partie basale des pousses ont été éliminés. Le milieu utilisé pour la culture des extrémités de pousses est celui de Murashige et Skoog (1962) sans hydrolysat de caséine (MS). Le milieu de culture et les cytokinines ont été stérilisés à l’autoclave; les solutions d’acide gibberellique ont été filtrées et stérilisées. Les milieux liquides non agités ou solidifiés par de l’agar n’ont pas donné satisfaction, de même que les milieux liquides agités en continu. Lorsque les extrémités de pousses ont été agitées dans des flacons de 100 ml contenant 20 ml de milieu pendant 1 heure et demie par jour, à la cadence de 50 mouvements par minute et durant 4 semaines, une bonne prolifération des pousses a été observée, notamment en présence de 0,5 mg/l de kinétine et de 0,1 mg/l d’acide gibbérellique (figure 1). Toutefois, des extrémités de pousses de 10 à 15 mm provenant de pousses multipliées en culture (‘sous culture’) ont montré une meilleure prolifération en présence de 5 mg/l de kinétine et de 0,01 mg/l d’acide gibbérellique. La kinétine a été supérieure à la 6γ, γ (dimethylamino) purine ou à la 6 benzylaminopurine (tableau 1). La lumière a eu un effet marqué sur la prolifération des pousses. Le développement des ‘sous-cultures’ s’est avéré meilleur avec un éclairement faible (intensité de 28 μE m−2s−1 (figure 2, tableau 2), durant les 4 semaines en culture agitée de la phase d’incubation. Pendant la phase de culture sans agitation une forte intensité lumineuse a été plus favorable, 120 μE m−2s−1 pour une simple ‘sous-culture’ (figure 3) mais 47 μE m−2s−1 pour des ‘sous-cultures’ répétées (figure 4). La température optimum durant la phase sans agitation variait avec les variétés, pour Kennebec et Pontiac elle était de 21/16°C (12 heures chacune), pour Exton elle était de 24/19°C (tableau 4). Pour le prélèvement des extrémités de pousses, les fragments de tubercules ont été placés dans des boites de Pétri stériles. Après l à 2 semaines, un second développement s’est effectué sur les morceaux non utilisés maintenus dans une boite de Pétri; des extrémités de pousses ont pu être à nouveau récoltées. Un troisième et souvent un quatrième prélèvement ont pu être réalisés sur ce même matériel. Les résultats obtenus méritaient une description détaillée de cette technique rapide de multiplication.
    Notes: Summary Extensive proliferation via axiallary meristems can be induced in potato shoot-tips (15–20mm) cultured in liquid media. Proliferation is greatest when a 4-week period of shake culture for 1 1/2 h per day is followed by stationary culture. The rate of proliferation is influenced by light, temperature and phytohormones. Gibberellic acid and kinetin are essential, but the optimal concentrations are different for initial inocula and for subcultures. Under optimal conditions shoot multiplication rates in excess of 10–25 fold per 8 weeks are obtained, but there are genotypic differences in the response.
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  • 47
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    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 361-363 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: relative humidity ; temperature ; water pan trap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A mixture of sex pheromone PTM1 (trans-4,cis-7-tridecadien-1-ol acetate) and PTM2 (trans-4,cis-7,cis-10-tridecatrien-1-ol acetate) on rubber cap dispensers was used to attract adult male tuber moths to water pan traps. Correlation analysis of daily catches made over a 61-day period showed that temperature and relative humidity accounted for 20.5% and 1.4% respectively of catch variability. Further studies are needed to reveal any major components of the 78% residual variability.
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  • 48
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    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Solanum acaule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Leaf segments ofSolanum tuberosum andS. acaule can proliferate callus. However, callus formation and growth for a specific species depends on different concentrations of 2,4-D and kinetin (6-furfurylamino purine) used in a medium. Large amounts of creamy white friable callus could be proliferated fromS. tuberosum when explants were cultured in media containing 3 mg of 2,4-D and 0.3 mg of kinetin per liter. WhenS. acaule explants were cultured in the similar medium, the segment tended to become yellow; however, when it was subcultured onto a similar fresh medium, friable and creamy white callus was then formed. In a medium containing 0.3 mg of 2,4-D and 1 mg of kinetin per liter, the compact callus could be directly proliferated fromS. acaule leaf segments. Segments incubated under light formed less callus than those incubated in darkness.
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  • 49
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    Potato research 23 (1980), S. 371-375 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; calcium ; sodium ; nitrate ; sulphate ; micronutrients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The specific gravity and dry matter content of 193 tuber samples (cultivars: Arran Banner, Spunta, Up-to-Date, Cara) from crops grown at Kokkinochoria, the major potato growing area of Cyprus, were related to each other as follows: Dry matter (%)=−269.59+268.24×specific gravity. This regression accounted for 82.4% of the variation; the fiducial limits (P〈0.05) for single determinations of specific gravity were±1.54 percentage units. The mineral contents of the tubers were similar to those reported in other countries.
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  • 50
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    Plant and soil 56 (1980), S. 81-92 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: CaCO3 ; Oryza sativa ; Submerged paddy ; Zinc sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of CaCO3, Zn sources and levels on the yield of submerged paddy and uptake of Zn, P and N to paddy were studied in green-house at Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar. Powdered CaCO3 was mixed at 0,4 and 8 per cent and Zn was added at 0,5 and 10 ppm through ZnSO4.7H2O, ZnO and Zn EDTA separately. Dry weight at tillering and heading and grain and straw at maturity decreased significantly with 4 and 8 per cent CaCO3 in comparison to the control. Increasing Zn application increased the dry weight and grain yield. Zn EDTA gave highest yield of paddy followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and ZnO. Increasing the application of CaCO3 from 0–8 per cent decreased the concentration and uptake of Zn and increasing Zn application from 0–10 ppm increased concentration and uptake of Zn in paddy at tillering, heading and maturity. Zn EDTA gave the highest concentration and uptake of Zn followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and ZnO. There was interaction between Zn sources and CaCO3. The concentration and uptake of N and P in paddy dry matter at tillering and heading and straw and grain at maturity decreased as compared to control with increasing CaCO3 addition. The concentration and uptake of N increased and that of P decreased in paddy dry matter straw and grain with increasing Zn application. The highest concentration of N was observed with ZnO, followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn EDTA. But highest uptake of N was observed with Zn EDTA followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and ZnO. As regards concentration and uptake of P, it was highest with ZnO followed by ZnSO4.7H2O and Zn EDTA.
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  • 51
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    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 595-607 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; true seed potatoes ; apomixis ; parthenogenesis ; restitution gametes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Apomictic propagation in potato holds a great promise for the new technology of growing potatoes from botanical seeds in stead of tubers. It is explained that apomixis results from the combination of abnormal meiosis, abnormal fertilization and parthenogenesis. An ideal scheme is given for growing potatoes from true seeds. This scheme remains utopian when autonomous apomixis is not available. Autonomous apomixis occurs when the reduction division is lacking (no gene recombination, no reduction of chromosome number) and the resulting 2n egg cell develops parthenogenetically without fertilization of the central nucleus. The first best approach is pseudogamous apomixis, which differs from autonomous apomixis in the necessity of fertilization of the central nucleus. Second best is the parthenogenetic development of 2n eggs, since these have originated through an abnormal type of reduction division. This type is characterized by the lack of formation of a reduction cell wall and fusion of the two spindles at metaphase II of meiosis (first division restitution). Apomixis in the narrow sense, either pseudogamous or autonomous, is defined. It has not been found in potato species or species hybrids. On the basis of our knowledge about characteristic features of existing apomictic species, about genetics and evolution of apomixis and about the occurrence of particular elements of apomixis in potato the possibility of introducing apomixis into potato from existing elements is discussed along with methods to induce missing elements. Some tentative approaches are suggested which in the long run may lead to the detection of potato genotypes with apomictic propagation.
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