ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • Artikel  (93)
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (93)
  • Animals
  • Chemical Engineering
  • adaptation
  • temperature
  • Energietechnik  (63)
  • Geographie  (30)
  • Technik allgemein  (7)
  • Mathematik  (6)
  • Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung  (5)
Sammlung
  • Artikel  (93)
Datenquelle
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (93)
Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
Erscheinungszeitraum
Thema
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shear Stress Distribution in the Trabeculae of Human Vertebral Bone (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 28 (2000), S. 1194-1199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Schlagwort(e): Cancellous bone ; stress ; strain ; strength ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The statistical distribution of von Mises stress in the trabeculae of human vertebral cancellous bone was estimated using large-scale finite element models. The goal was to test the hypothesis that average trabecular von Mises stress is correlated to the maximum trabecular level von Mises stress. The hypothesis was proposed to explain the close experimental correlation between apparent strength and stiffness of human cancellous bone tissue. A three-parameter Weibull function described the probability distribution of the estimated von Mises stress (r2) 〉 0.99 for each of 23 cases). The mean von Mises stress was linearly related to the standard deviation (r2=0.63) supporting the hypothesis that average and maximum magnitude stress would be correlated. The coefficient of variation (COV) of the von Mises stress was nonlinearly related to apparent compressive strength, apparent stiffness, and bone volume fraction (adjusted r2=0.66, 0.56, 0.54, respectively) by a saturating exponential function [COV=A+B exp(−x/C)]. The COV of the stress was higher for low volume fraction tissue (〈0.12) consistent with the weakness of low volume fraction tissue and suggesting that stress variation is better controlled in higher volume fraction tissue. We propose that the average stress and standard deviation of the stress are both controlled by bone remodeling in response to applied loading. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8719Rr
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.1318928
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impact of Global Climate Change on China's Water Resources (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; adaptation ; water resources ; China
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract It is indicated that up to the year 2030, the annual average temperatures in China will increase by 0.88 to 1.2°C, with increments in the south less than in the north. Annual average precipitation would raise slightly, but the increment could be 4% in northeastern China. The increment of annual mean runoff could rise over 6% in the northeastern area, and decrease in the other regions 1.4 to 10.5%. The increased water shortage due to climate change could achieve 160 to 5090 million m3 in some areas of China. Financial loss due to the lack of water could reach 1300 million yuan, and up to 4400 million yuan in serious drought years in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006351126446
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Water Quality Parameters on the Migration of Vinyl Chloride Monomer from Unplasticized PVC Pipes (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 120 (2000), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): diffusion rate ; migration ; pH ; temperature ; total dissolved solids ; unplasticized PVC pipes ; vinyl chloride monomer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The migration of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) from unplasticizedpolyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes was investigated using locallymanufactured pipes. Specimens of 33 cm long were used throughoutthe research. The investigation was carried out under differentconditions of water temperature, pH and total dissolved solidsconcentration and at different durations of exposure. The VCMconcentration in the water was evaluated using the gaschromotography (GC)/head-space technique. A VCM concentration ofmore than 2.5 ppb was detected after 30 days of exposure at45 °C. The initial VCM concentration in the uPVC pipewas predicted using equations derived from Fick's first law ofdiffusion. Water tenperature did not affect the migration ofVCM, unless it was raised to high values (i.e. 45 °C).Total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH of water were found toaffect the release of VCM from uPVC pipes. Diffusion rate of VCMwas predicted as a function of pH or TDS values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005249808374
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Smoke Emissions from a Charcoal Kiln on the Functioning of Forest Soil Systems: A Microcosm Study (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 60 (2000), S. 337-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): cellulose ; charcoal kiln ; decomposition ; herb seeds ; moisture ; respiration ; smoke pollution ; soil ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Long-term charcoal production in small private charcoal kilns (CK) in Eastern Bieszczady Mts. (SE Poland) can cause local smoke contamination of the ambient forest environment. Responses of model soil systems, contaminated or not contaminated by CK smoke, to contrasting combinations of hydrothermic regimes were compared in laboratory microcosms (respiration of soil community, decomposition rate of soil organic matter and cotton stripes, herb seeds germination were studied). The majority of the obtained data show a markedly higher level of soil biological activity in the CK versus the control series. In some cases CK and control soil systems show different patterns of reactions to the tested combinations of microclimate regime. These phenomena should at least partly be attributed to the effects of CK pollution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006115104675
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adaptation to What and Why? (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 9-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; risk ; adaptation ; thresholds ; limits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Adaptation in response to anthropogenic climate change seeks to maintain viability by maximising benefits and minimising losses. It is necessary because some climatic change is now inevitable, despite the international focus on mitigation measures. Indeed, the measures agreed at Kyoto would by themselves result in only a small reduction in the climate changes to be expected over the next century. Discussion of the expected changes and possible impacts leads to the following conclusions regarding climate change scenarios in relation to impacts and adaptation: • Climate change in the foreseeable future will not be some new stable "equilibrium" climate, but rather an ongoing "transient" process; • Climate change predictions relevant to impacts on most sectors and ecosystems are still highly uncertain; • There is a need for a greater focus on developing countries and tropical regions, and on relevant key variables, including the magnitude and frequency of extreme events; • The focus should shift from single predictions, or extreme ranges of uncertainty, to risk assessment; • Thresholds critical to impacted sectors and ecosystems should be identified, and expressed as functions of climatic variables; • Planned adaptations will be necessary to cope with multiple stresses, including those due to non-climatic changes; • A major task of adaptation science is to identify the limits of adaptation, i.e., to identify "dangerous levels of greenhouse gases" beyond which adaptation becomes impractical or prohibitively expensive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006393415542
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Biodiversity Crisis and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Case Study from Australia's Forests (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; climate variability ; climate change ; adaptation ; institutional reform
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract If current trends continue, human activities will drastically alter most of the planet's remaining natural ecosystems and their composite biota within a few decades. Compounding the impacts on biodiversity from deleterious management practices is climate variability and change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently concluded that there is ample evidence to suggest climate change is likely to result in significant impacts on biological diversity. These impacts are likely to be exacerbated by the secondary effects of climate change such as changes in the occurrence of wildfire, insect outbreaks and similar disturbances. Current changes in climate are very different from those of the past due to their rate and magnitude, the direct effects of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations and because highly modified landscapes and an array of threatening processes limit the ability of terrestrial ecosystems and species to respond to changed conditions. One of the primary human adaptation option for conserving biodiversity is considered to be changes in management. The complex and overarching nature of climate change issues emphasises the need for greatly enhanced cooperation between scientists, policy makers, industry and the community to better understand key interactions and identify options for adaptation. A key challenge is to identify opportunities that facilitate sustainable development by making use of existing technologies and developing policies that enhance the resilience of climate-sensitive sectors. Measures to enhance the resilience of biodiversity must be considered in all of these activities if many ecosystem services essential to humanity are to be sustained. New institutional arrangements appear necessary at the regional and national level to ensure that policy initiatives and research directed at assessing and mitigating the vulnerability of biodiversity to climate change are complementary and undertaken strategically and cost-effectively. Policy implementation at the national level to meet responsibilities arising from the UNFCCC (e.g., the Kyoto Protocol) and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity require greater coordination and integration between economic sectors, since many primary drivers of biodiversity loss and vulnerability are influenced at this level. A case study from the Australian continent is used to illustrate several key issues and discuss a basis for reform, including recommendations for facilitating adaptation to climate variability and change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006361917359
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Climate Change and Climate Variability: Adaptations to Reduce Adverse Health Impacts (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 49-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; El Niño Southern Oscillation ; public health ; adaptation ; primary prevention
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Global climate change is likely to have a range of consequences for human health as a result of disturbance or weakening of the biosphere's natural or human-managed life support systems. The full range of potential human health impacts of global climate change is diverse and would be distributed differentially spatially and over time. Changes in the mortality toll of heatwaves and changes in the distribution of vector-borne infectious diseases may occur early. The public health consequences of sea level rise and of regional changes in agricultural productivity may not occur (or become apparent) for several decades. Vulnerability is a measure of both sensitivity to climate change and the ability to adapt in anticipation of, or in response to, its impacts. The basic modes of adaptation to climate-induced health hazards are biological, behavioural and social. Adaptation can be undertaken at the individual, community and whole-population levels. Adaptive strategies should not introduce new health hazards. Enhancement of the acknowledged public health infrastructure and intervention programmes is essential to reduce vulnerability to the health impacts of climate change. In the longer-term, fundamental improvements in the social and material conditions of life and in the reduction of inequalities within and between populations are required for sustained reduction in vulnerability to environmental health hazards.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006357800521
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Integrating Impacts into Adaptation Measures (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; climate change ; integration ; impacts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract A mechanism has been established to improve integration of international climate-related programmes. Known as the Climate Agenda it outlines a programme, that in a cost-effective way, responds to national obligations to respond to international agreements as well as their national needs for social and economic development. The paper briefly describes the Climate Agenda and the incorporation within it of studies of climate impact assessments and response strategies to reduce vulnerability. The need for increased emphasis on climate impact assessment and for the development of effective adaptation measures is emphasised following the elaboration of a Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). UNEP's efforts to identify national programmes contributing to the Climate Agenda are described. The response from developing countries has, however, been very disappointing, even from countries where we know work is ongoing through funding by GEF or US Country Studies Program and other bilateral programmes. Initial compilation of information available so far shows that many developed countries are putting a lot into the area of impact assessment of not just climate change, but also climate variability. There remain some research gaps, especially in the area of assessment of climate impacts on ecosystems, hydrological systems, etc. Considerable efforts are presently being directed at reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and in the case of developing countries, most efforts are being directed towards completing national communications and providing baseline data for future studies. The paper refers to early activities by UNEP in cooperation with other international organizations to undertake integrated assessments of the impacts of climate change on important socio-economic sectors and the later incorporation of lessons learned into the IPCC Guidelines for Assessing Impacts of Climate Change. Later sections outline the development of a handbook on methods for climate change impact assessment and adaptation strategies as a practical approach to national assessments and the development of appropriate and cost-effective response to climate change. The initiation of a GEF-funded project to apply the methods contained in the handbook and improve the results based on national studies is also described for both developed and developing countries. Working in collaboration with a team of international experts under the coordination of the Institute of Environmental Studies at Vrije University (Amsterdam), the goal of this ongoing project is to develop a valuable methodological tool that Parties to the UNFCCC may apply to develop national climate change impact and adaptation assessments. Development of these guidelines was linked to a series of country studies in Antigua and Barbuda, Estonia, Cameroon and Pakistan funded under a UNEP/GEF project. The application of the first version of the UNEP Handbook by national study teams in these four countries is making valuable technical and practical contributions and will ensure that the next version of the Handbook will be a more useful tool for experts in developing countries undertaking similar studies in the future. The methods contained in the Handbook are also the basis for similar assessments funded under bilateral development programmes in other countries. These and similar studies elsewhere are coordinated with the UNEP programme and will eventually aim to create reliable and comparable assessments, a compatible set of tools for such purpose and the identification of realistic adaptation options for incorporation into national planning for adapting to climate change. The paper also addresses how climate impact assessment and response strategies are undertaken as part of national enabling activities carried out in co-operation with UNEP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006305832380
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reconciling National and Global Priorities in Adaptation to Climate Change: With an Illustration from Uganda (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 145-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; adaptation ; economic development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Many developing countries, especially in Africa, contribute only very small amounts to the world total of greenhouse gas emissions. For them, the reduction of such emissions is not a priority, and the more important issue is to find ways to reduce their vulnerability to the projected climate change which is being imposed upon them largely as a result of emissions from developed countries. This priority does not accord with the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reports upon studies in Uganda designed to help in the development of a national adaptation strategy, and addresses the need to reconcile such a strategy with the global priority accorded to mitigation and with national economic development priorities. Some features of a national climate change adaptation strategy are identified and questions are raised about the need for an international regime to facilitate and support adaptation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006330507790
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Climate Change Impacts and Human Settlements in Africa: Prospects for Adaptation (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 193-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): human settlements ; climate change ; adaptation ; Africa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Climate change impacts on African human settlements arise from a number of climate change-related causes, notably sea level changes, impacts on water resources, extreme weather events, food security, increased health risks from vector home diseases, and temperature-related morbidity in urban environments. Some coastlines and river deltas of Africa have densely populated low-lying areas, which would be affected by a rise in sea level. Other coastal settlements will be subjected to increased coastal erosion. Recent flooding in East Africa highlighted the vulnerability of flood plain settlements and the need to develop adaptive strategies for extreme weather events management and mitigation. In the semi arid and arid zones many settlements are associated with inland drainage water sources. Increases in drought will enhance water supply related vulnerabilities. Inter-basin and international water transfers raise the need for adequate legal frameworks that ensure equity among participating nations. Similarly, water supply and irrigation reservoirs in seasonal river catchments might fail, leading to poor sanitation in urban areas as well as food shortage. Hydroelectric power generation could be restricted in drought periods, and where it is a major contributor to the energy budget, reduced power generation could lead to a multiplicity of other impacts. States are advised to develop other sources of renewable energy. Temperature changes will lead to altered distribution of disease vectors such as mosquitoes, making settlements currently free of vector borne diseases vulnerable. Rapid breeding of the housefly could create a menace associated with enteric disorders, especially in conditions of poor sanitation. The dry savannahs of Africa are projected as possible future food deficit areas. Recurrent crop failures would lead to transmigration into urban areas. Pastoralists are likely to undertake more trans-boundary migrations and probably come into conflict with settled communities. Adaptive measures will involve methods of coastal defences (where applicable), a critical review of the energy sector, both regionally and nationally, a rigorous adherence to city hygiene procedures, an informed agricultural industry that is capable of adapting to changing climate in terms of cropping strategies, and innovations in environment design to maximise human comfort at minimum energy expenditure. In the savannah and arid areas water resource management systems will be needed to optimise water resource use and interstate co-operation where such resources are shared. Climate change issues discussed here raise the need for state support for more research and education in impacts of climate change on human settlements in Africa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006355210516
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Temperature on Absorption Efficiency of NO2 in Arsenite Method (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 61 (2000), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): adsorption ; NO2 ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The sodium arsenite method developed by Jacobs andHochheiser is one of the most widely used manualmethods for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring inambient air, particularly in developing countries. Asreported, the method gives 82% NO2 absorptionefficiency (NAE) in the concentration range from 40 to750 μg/m3, when only one impinger tube isemployed in the sampling train at a flow rate of 0.2lpm and for 24 h sampling duration. Accordingly,a uniform correction factor (0.82) is used indenominator to calculate the ultimate concentration ofNO2 in ambient air.In the present investigation, the effect oftemperature on absorption efficiency of NO2 isstudied employing four impinger tubes in series tocollect the maximum NO2 generated in the gasstream. The study conducted at 16, 26 and 36 °Ctemperatures shows maximum absorption efficiency(average) of 87.8% at 26°C in 1st impingertube. At lower and higher temperatures, it is foundconsiderably less. A suitable correction factor,therefore, must be applied to estimate actual NO2concentration in ambient air using arsenite method, intropical countries like India, where atmospherictemperature variations are large (less than 5°Cin winter and more than 45°C in summer).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006131525148
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics of the Subsurface Temperature Field Caused by Mining-Related Groundwater Management (2000)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 44 (2000), S. 442-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Schlagwort(e): temperature ; groundwater ; sedimentary basin ; exploitation ; transient effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The subsurface temperature field was studied on a set of 46 borehole logs measured in the vicinity of uranium deposits in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Vertical variations of the steady state temperature and the temperature gradient are governed by thermal conductivity which strongly varies in dependence on lithology. Large departures from undisturbed temperature detected in many holes are associated with uranium mining. A positive anomaly is observed in leaching fields where large amounts of acid are injected into the uranium-bearing Cenomanian. A negative anomaly is linked to the operation of hydraulic barriers which enclose the mining area and helps to contain pollution by pumping clean water into the Cenomanian aquifer. The spatial distribution of the observed temperature anomalies helps to map the migration of the fluids used in both processes. The temperature disturbance is propagated from the Cenomanian aquifer up through overlying impermeable sediments. The good fit of transient conductive models to the measured temperatures rules out heat advection and hence upward water flow towards and contamination of the upper Middle Turonian aquifer in the vicinity of the holes studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022168705973
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the Influence of Hot-Water Discharges on Phytoplankton Communities from a Coastal Zone of the Gulf of Mexico (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 119 (2000), S. 209-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): microalgal communities ; photosynthesis ; temperature ; thermal pollution ; tropical coast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of thermal discharges on thephytoplankton community from a coastal zone of theGulf of Mexico was evaluated through their structureand photosynthetic behaviour focusing on responses tochanges in light and temperature. Biological andphysicochemical parameters were measured over a periodof two years in an area with permanent hot waterdischarges from a thermoelectric plant. Thetemperature in the sampling area ranged from 23.5 to36 °C with differences between the coldest andthe hottest station from 5.3 to 9.2 °C.Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were reducedin the discharge area water column, due to turbulence.One hundred and one different taxa were identifiedwith a strong predominance of Diatoms. The chlorophylla concentration ranged from 0.3 to 6.1 μgL-1, with highest values of thephaeophytin:chlorophyll ratio found at the hottest station.The community structure did not show significativedifferences among sampling stations with respect totemperature variations. However, in the algalassemblages influenced by thermal discharges, it waspossible to observe alterations in the photosynthesisbehaviour. Phytoplankton response to short termphotosynthesis experiments was segregated according tocomposition and origin of microalgal assemblages.Samples with larger heterogeneous composition had moreconsistent oxygen production responses. Algalcommunities exposed to hot effluent showed differentdegrees of photosynthesis rate reduction,higher light requirements (〉500 μE m2 s-1)and lower temperature (25 °C) to achieve Pmaxthan algae sampled in sites without such exposure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005161309609
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of the Environment on the Bacterial Bleaching of Corals (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 123 (2000), S. 337-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): bleaching ; bacterial infection ; coral ; Oculina ; temperature ; toxin ; zooxanthellae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Bleaching in stony-corals is the result of disruption of symbiosis between the coral hosts and photosynthetic microalgal endosymbionts (zooxanthellae). Coral bleaching events of unprecedented frequency and global extent have been reported during the last two decades. Recently, we demonstrated that bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica in the Mediterranean Sea is caused by the bacterium Vibrio shiloi, when seawater temperature rises and allows the bacterium to become virulent. The first step in the infection process is host-specific adhesion of V. shiloi to O. patagonica via a β-galactoside receptor on the coral surface. The bacterium then penetrates into the coral tissue and produces extracellular materials which rapidly inhibit photosynthesis of zooxanthellae and bleach and lyse the algae. The inhibition of pothosynthesis is due to a low molecular weight, heat stable toxin and ammonia. Bleaching and lysis are due to a heat-labile, high molecular weight materials, probably lytic enzymes. Elevated temperature induces different virulence factors within the infectious agent of the disease, V. shiloi. Adhesion was found to be temperature-regulated. When the bacteria were grown at 16°C there was no adhesion to corals maintained at either 25°C or 16°. However, when the bacteria were grown at 25°C they adhered avidly to corals maintained at 16°C and 25°C. In addition, the production of lytic enzymes and the photosynthesis inhibitor was also found to be temperature dependent. Production of the latter toxin was ten times greater at 29°C than at 16°C, and extracellular protease was 5-fold higher in cultures grown at 29°C than at 16°C. The data presented here suggest an explanation for the correlation between elevated seawater temperatures and seasonal coral bleaching.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005274331988
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature Effects on Soil Mineralization of Polylactic Acid Plastic in Laboratory Respirometers (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Polylactic acid ; temperature ; respirometers ; soil degradation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A respirometric system was used to analyze the biodegradation of high molecular weight (120,000 to 200,000 g mol−1) polylactic acid (PLA) plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions. The respirometric system consisted of air-conditioning pretraps, a soil reactor, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) posttrap. A 200-g homogeneous soil mixture of all-purpose potting soil : manure soil : sand [1 : 1 : 1 (w/w)] and 1.5 g of PLA plastic films in 1 × 1-cm2 squares was added to each bottle. The respirometers were placed in a 28, 40, or 55°C water bath for 182 days. Treatments (three replicates) included native corn starch (positive control), polyethylene (Glad Cling Wrap; negative control), and three PLA films: Ca-I (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, monolayer), GII (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, Generation II), and Ch-I (Chronopol; monolayer). The degree of polymer mineralization was indicated by the cumulative CO2 liberated from each respirometer. The initial average mineralization rate and total percentage mineralized of the PLA plastic films at 28, 40, and 55°C was 24.3, 41.5, and 76.9 mg/day with a 27, 45, and 70% carbon loss, respectively. No decrease in soil pH was observed after 182 days of mineralization. Hence, increase in soil temperature drastically enhanced the biodegradation of PLA plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions (P 〈 0.0001).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021812418325
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Polylactic Acid Plastic Degradation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Polylactic acid ; temperature ; relative humidity ; degradation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Three high molecular weight (120,000 to 200,000 g mol−1) polylactic acid (PLA) plastic films from Chronopol (Ch-I) and Cargill Dow Polymers (GII and Ca-I) were analyzed for their degradation under various temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Two sets of plastic films, each containing 11 samples, were randomly hung in a temperature/humidity-controlled chamber by means of plastic-coated paper clips. The tested conditions were 28, 40, and 55°C at 50 and 100% RH, respectively, and 55°C at 10% RH. The three tested PLA films started to lose their tensile properties when their weight-average molecular weight (M w) was in the range of 50,000 to 75,000 g mol−1. The average degradation rate of Ch-I, GII, and Ca-I was 28,931, 27,361, and 63,025 M w/week, respectively. Hence, GII had a faster degradation rate than Ch-I and Ca-I under all tested conditions. The degradation rate of PLA plastics was enhanced by the increase in temperature and relative humidity. This trend was observed in all three PLA plastics (Ca-I, GII, and Ch-I). Of the three tested films, Ch-I was the first to lose its mechanical properties, whereas Ca-I demonstrated the slowest loss, with mechanical properties under all tested conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021808317416
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Best Fourier Approximation and Application in Efficient Blurred Signal Reconstruction (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of computational analysis and applications 1 (1999), S. 43-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9206
    Schlagwort(e): Linear method ; convolution class ; nonparametric deconvolution ; statistics ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We expand upon the known results on sharp linear Fourier methods of approximation where the approximation is the best in terms of both rate and constant among all polynomial procedures of approximation. So far these results have been studied due to their mathematical beauty rather than their practical importance. In this paper we show that they are the core mathematics underlying best statistical methods of solving noisy ill-posed problems. In particular, we suggest a procedure for recovery of noisy blurred signals based on samples of small sizes where a traditional statistics concludes that the complexity of such a setting makes the problem not worthy of a further study. Thus, we present a problem where a combination of the classical approximation theory and statistics leads to interesting practical results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022666503405
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adsorption of Reactive Dye on Chitin (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 59 (1999), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): adsorbent concentration ; adsorbent size ; adsorption ; chitin ; pH ; reactive dye ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The adsorption of reactive dye on chitin has been investigated with a view to obtain the design data for batch processing of effluents for dye adsorption. The effect of several factors governing the dye adsorption such as the adsorbent concentration, adsorbent size, temperature and pH have been elicited. Desorption of the dye at different temperatures and pH have also been investigated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006072119624
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An evaluation of adaptation options for climate change impacts on agriculture in Kazakhstan (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; agriculture ; climate change ; Kazakhstan
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Agriculture in Kazakhstan is sensitive to climate, and wheat yields could be reduced up to 70% under climate change. With the transition from a socialist economy to a free market economy, decisions are being made now that will affect Kazakhstan's ability to cope with climate change. A team of Kazakh and American researchers examined the cost-effectiveness and barriers to implementations of adaptation options for climate change. Twelve adaptation options that increase flexibility to respond to climate change were identified using a screening matrix. Four options, forecasting pest outbreaks, developing regional centers for preserving genetic diversity of seeds, supporting a transition to a free market, and reducing soil erosion through the use of changed farming practices, were examined. The Adaptation Decision Matrix (ADM) was then applied to estimate benefits using expert judgment (using an arbitrary numerical scale, not monetary values) and benefits estimates were compared to costs to determine cost-effectiveness. The ADM uses subjective measures of how well adaptation options meet policy objectives. Controlling soil erosion was estimated to have the highest benefits, but the high costs of implementation appears to make it relatively cost-ineffective. Supporting a transition to a free market was ranked as the most cost-effective measure, with regional centers second. However, use of different scales to quantify benefits or different weights can result in regional centers being more cost-effective than the transition to a free market. Regional centers was also judged to have fewer barriers to implementation than a transition to a free market. These results will be incorporated in Kazakhstan's National Action Plan. The ADM and other tools are relatively easy to apply, but are quite subjective and difficult to evaluate. The tools can be quite useful by decision makers to analyze advantages and disadvantages between different adaptation options, but should be supplemented with additional, particularly quantitative analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009626526883
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scale, context, and decision making in agricultural adaptation to climate variability and change (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 137-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; agriculture ; climate change ; decision-making ; variability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract This work presents a framework for viewing agricultural adaptation, emphasizing the multiple spatial and temporal scales on which individuals and institutions process information on changes in their environment. The framework is offered as a means to gain perspective on the role of climate variability and change in agricultural adaptation, and developed for a case study of Australian agriculture. To study adaptation issues at the scale of individual farms we developed a simple modelling framework. The model highlights the decision making element of adaptation in light of uncertainty, and underscores the importance of decision information related to climate variability. Model results show that the assumption of perfect information for farmers systematically overpredicts adaptive performance. The results also suggest that farmers who make tactical planting decisions on the basis of historical climate information are outperformed by those who use even moderately successful seasonal forecast information. Analysis at continental scales highlights the prominent role of the decline in economic operating conditions on Australian agriculture. Examples from segments of the agricultural industry in Australia are given to illustrate the importance of appropriate scale attribution in adapting to environmental changes. In particular, adaptations oriented toward short time scale changes in the farming environment (droughts, market fluctuations) can be limited in their efficacy by constraints imposed by broad changes in the soil/water base and economic environment occuring over longer time scales. The case study also makes the point that adaptation must be defined in reference to some goal, which is ultimately a social and political exercise. Overall, this study highlights the importance of allowing more complexity (limited information, risk aversion, cross-scale interactions, mis-attribution of cause and effect, background context, identification of goals) in representing adaptation processes in climate change studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009636607038
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Science of Adaptation: A Framework for Assessment (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 199-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; climate change ; impact assessment ; response options ; vulnerability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper outlines what is meant by "adaptation" to climate change, and how it might be addressed in the IPCC Assessments. Two roles of adaptation in the climate change field are identified: adaptation as part of impact assessment (where the key question is: what adaptations are likely?), and adaptation as part of the policy response (where the central question is: what adaptations are recommended?). The concept of adaptation has been adopted in several fields including climate impact assessment and policy development, risk management, and natural hazards research. A framework for systematically defining adaptations is based on three questions: (i) adaptation to what? (ii) who or what adapts? and (iii) how does adaptation occur? The paper demonstrates that, for adaptation purposes, climate extremes and variability are integral parts of climate change, along with shifts in mean conditions. Attributes for differentiating adaptations include purposefulness, timing, temporal and spatial scope, effects, form and performance. The framework provides a guide for the treatment of adaptation in the IPCC assessments, both in the assessment of impacts and in the evaluation of adaptive policy options.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009652531101
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Framework and Key Questions for Adapting to Climate Variability and Change (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): climate ; adaptation ; impacts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract There is a critical need to collectively understand, to develop adaptation options to enhance the benefits, and to reduce the social and economic vulnerabilities induced by climate variability and change. This paper uses key questions to help build a framework for adaptation by first organizing the questions into adaptation science, management and option components, including their respective sub-categories. The process of adaptation depends on many factors, including who or what adapts, what they adapt to, how they adapt and what and how resources are used. This conceptual model is designed to organize concepts regarding adaptation, to help stimulate ideas, and to explore the linkages among parts of the adaptation cycle. Predictive models need to be developed to determine the outcomes of planned adaptation strategies. For the best and most realistic evaluation of climate problems, adaptation and impacts should be considered together. This joint approach improves the assessment of the significance and dangers of the current and future climate, as well as the determination of solutions (e.g., how to prepare for a changing climate) and their priorities. Challenges of adaptive management are discussed in terms of a framework with linkages to adaptation science and options. Adaptation research and applications work continue to build on the foundation of science and management frameworks to address the risks and uncertainties in the decision-making process and to identify adaptation options.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009660700150
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Data Requirements for Developing Adaptations to Climate Variability and Change (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; climate change ; climate variability ; data ; climate applications ; El Niño ; UNFCCC
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract An extensive foundation of high quality data and information on the climate and on the biological, environmental and social systems affected by climate is required in order to understand the climate impact processes involved, to develop new adaptation practices, and to subsequently implement these practices. Experience of the impacts of current and past variability of climate and sea level is a prime source of information. Many practices are in use to reduce climate impacts, for example in engineering design, agricultural risk management and climate prediction services, though their roles as adaptations to climate change are not widely appreciated. While there are good data sets on some factors and in some regions, in many cases the databases are inadequate and there are few data sets on adaptation-specific quantities such as vulnerability, resilience and adaptation effectiveness. Current international action under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) pays little attention to adaptation and its information requirements. Furthermore there are trends toward reduced data gathering and to restrictions on access to data sets, especially arising from cost and commercialisation pressures. To effectively respond to the changes in climate that are now inevitable, governments will need to more clearly identify adaptation as a central feature of climate change policy and make a renewed shared commitment to collecting and freely exchanging the necessary data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009668902876
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change: Can the IPCC Technical Guidelines be applied? (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 239-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; coastal zones ; adaptation ; vulnerability ; IPCC Technical Guidelines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper evaluates the IPCC Technical Guidelines for Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations with respect to the guidance offered for coastal-adaptation assessment. It appears that the IPCC Technical Guidelines focus strongly on implementation. This paper uses both conceptual and empirical information is used in this paper to show that coastal adaptation embraces more than selecting one of the "technical" options to respond to sea-level rise (retreat, accommodate or protect). Coastal adaptation is a more complex and iterative process with a series of policy cycles. To be effective, an expanded adapta-tion framework involving four steps is suggested, including (i) information collection and awareness raising; (ii) planning and design; (iii) implementation; and (iv) monitoring and evaluation. The incom-plete coverage of these four steps in existing coastal-adaptation assessments constrains the development of adaptation strategies that are supported by the relevant actors and integrated into existing management. Researchers and policy-makers are recommended to work together to establish a framework for adaptation that is integrated within current coastal management processes and practices and takes a broader view on the subject.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009681207419
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk and Uncertainties, Analysis and Evaluation: Lessons for Adaptation and Integration (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 319-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): uncertainty ; risk ; adaptation ; extreme events ; (credible) information ; integrated assessment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper draws ten lessons from analyses of adaptation to climate change under conditions of risk and uncertainty: (1) Socio-economic systems will likely respond most to extreme realizations of climate change. (2) Systems have been responding to variations in climate for centuries. (3) Future change will effect future citizens and their institutions. (4) Human systems can be the sources of surprise. (5) Perceptions of risk depend upon welfare valuations that depend upon expectations. (6) Adaptive decisions will be made in response to climate change and climate change policy. (7) Analysis of adaptive decisions should recognize the second-best context of those decisions. (8) Climate change offers opportunity as well as risk. (9) All plausible futures should be explored. (10) Multiple methodological approaches should be accommodated. These lessons support two pieces of advice for the Third Assessment Report: (1) Work toward consensus, but not at the expense of thorough examination and reporting of the "tails" of the distributions of the future. (2) Integrated assessment is only one unifying methodology; others that can better accommodate those tails should be encouraged and embraced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009619806936
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Framework for Benefit-Cost Analysis of Adaptation to Climate Change and Climate Variability (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; climatic change ; economic welfare ; costs and benefits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract The potential damages of climate change and climate variability are dependent upon the responses or adaptations that people make to their changing environment. By adapting the management of resources, the mix and methods of producing goods and services, choices of leisure activities, and other behavior, people can lessen the damages that would otherwise result. A framework for assessing the benefits and costs of adaptation to both climate change and climate variability is described in the paper. The framework is also suitable for evaluating the economic welfare effects of climate change, allowing for autonomous adaptation by private agents. The paper also briefly addresses complications introduced by uncertainty regarding the benefits of adaptation and irreversibility of investments in adaptation. When investment costs are irreversible and there is uncertainty about benefits, the usual net present value criterion for evaluating the investment gives the wrong decision. If delaying an adaptation project is possible, and if delay will permit learning about future benefits of adaptation, it may be preferable to delay the project even if the expected net present value is positive. Implications of this result for adaptation policy are discussed in the paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009667706027
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adaptation to the Impacts of Sea Level Rise in Egypt (1999)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 4 (1999), S. 343-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; climate change ; socioeconomic impacts ; Egypt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Assessment of the vulnerability and expected socioeconomic losses over the Nile delta coast due to the impact of sea level rise is carried out in details. Impacts of sea level rise over the Governorates of Alexandria and Port Said in particular, are evaluated quantitatively. Analysis of the results at Alexandria Governorate indicate that, if no action is taken, an area of about 30% of the city will be lost due to inundation. Almost 2 million people will have to abandon their homeland; 195,000 jobs will be lost and an economic loss of over $3.5 Billion is expected over the next century. At Port Said Governorate results indicate that beach areas are most severely affected (hence tourism), followed by urban areas. The agriculture sector is the least affected sector. It is estimated that the economic loss is over $ 2.0 Billion for 0.50 m SLR and may exceed $ 4.4 Billion for 1.25 m SLR. Options and costs of adaptation are analyzed and presented. Multi-criteria and decision matrix approaches, based on questionnaire surveys are carried out to identify priorities for the two cases. Analysis of these techniques of two options; the current policy (hard protection measures on some vulnerable areas) and no action (stopping these activities) have the lowest scores. Beach nourishment and integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) have the highest scores, however ICZM has high cost measures. The most cost-effective option is the land-use change, however with relatively very high cost measure. It is recommended that an ICZM approach be adopted since it provides a reasonable trade off between costs and cost effectiveness.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009684210570
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 49 (1998), S. 111-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): biodiversity ; climate change ; embedded society ; adaptation ; biogenetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005857501171
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hierarchical Bayesian space-time models (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental and ecological statistics 5 (1998), S. 117-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3009
    Schlagwort(e): atmospheric science ; dynamical systems ; environmental studies ; Gibbs sampling ; Markov random field ; MCMC ; non-stationarity ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Space-time data are ubiquitous in the environmental sciences. Often, as is the case with atmo- spheric and oceanographic processes, these data contain many different scales of spatial and temporal variability. Such data are often non-stationary in space and time and may involve many observation/prediction locations. These factors can limit the effectiveness of traditional space- time statistical models and methods. In this article, we propose the use of hierarchical space-time models to achieve more flexible models and methods for the analysis of environmental data distributed in space and time. The first stage of the hierarchical model specifies a measurement- error process for the observational data in terms of some 'state' process. The second stage allows for site-specific time series models for this state variable. This stage includes large-scale (e.g. seasonal) variability plus a space-time dynamic process for the ’anomalies'. Much of our interest is with this anomaly proc ess. In the third stage, the parameters of these time series models, which are distributed in space, are themselves given a joint distribution with spatial dependence (Markov random fields). The Bayesian formulation is completed in the last two stages by speci- fying priors on parameters. We implement the model in a Markov chain Monte Carlo framework and apply it to an atmospheric data set of monthly maximum temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009662704779
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the Spectral Decomposition of Geopotential and Temperature Fields in the Stratosphere (1998)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 42 (1998), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Schlagwort(e): stratosphere ; spectral decomposition ; geopotential ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The spectral structure of stratospheric fields (temperature and geopotential) is analyzed in terms of spherical harmonics in an effort to study the long-term behaviour of large-scale circulation patterns, as well as their connections to some extra-terrestrial effects. The daily meteorological data from the Free University Berlin (FUB) cover more or less the period 1976–1996 and are available for stratospheric levels of 50, 30 and 10 hPa. The analysis of the annual cycle of spherical harmonics is introduced, and changes of the principal wave components are compared with the changes in different sets of solar, geomagnetic and global circulation indices. This paper also deals with interannual variability with special emphasis on quasibiennial oscillations (QBO) and El Nino and Southern Oscillations (ENSO). Although this is a rather preliminary study, the decomposition of the stratospheric field into complex spherical harmonics seems to be a powerful technique in investigating and qualifying the response of the global atmospheric system to the changes in solar and geomagnetic activity, and in qualifying the relationships between large-scale circulation patterns and various oscillations such as QBO or ENSO, Using this technique, reasonable strong connections were found between wave numbers and interannual factors, and these connections were tentatively interpreted in terms of statistics. A very high degree of correlation was found for the four-trough shape of the polar vortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023305020573
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes of Ozone Content at Middle Latitudes During Forbush Decreases in Cosmic Rays (1998)
    Springer
    Studia geophysica et geodaetica 42 (1998), S. 521-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1626
    Schlagwort(e): stratospere ; troposphere ; solar-terrestrial disturbances ; odd nitrogen ; temperature ; atmospheric dynamics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The variations of total ozone at Alma-Ata (43°N, 76 °E) and ozone profiles obtained by balloon sounding at Tateno (36°N, 140°E), Wallops Island (38°N, 75°W) and Cagliari (39°N, 9°E) in the periods of Forbush decreases (FD) in galactic cosmic rays have been analysed. A decrease of total ozone was observed in the initial stage of the FD and an increase 10–11 days later. The average total deviations calculated using the superposed epoch method for 9 FD events are equal to 30 D. U. in the positive and to −18 D. U. in the negative phase. The changes of average ozone profiles, associated with 26 FD events, are more significant in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. The decrease of the partial ozone pressure at a height of 12–15 km is about 30 υmb. These vertical variations of ozone coincide with the average changes of the respective temperature profiles. A cooling, on the average, of 3°C was observed at 12–15 km, and a heating of 4°C below this level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023301322428
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Heat Transfer in Nonsaturated Porous Media. Modelling by Homogenisation (1998)
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 30 (1998), S. 301-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Schlagwort(e): temperature ; homogenisation ; modelling ; unsaturated
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is devoted to the modelling of a temperature field in nonsaturated porous media in the absence of phase change. We establish the energy equation at the macroscopic level, from a description at the pore level by using the homogenisation method of multiple-scale asymptotic expansions. Different macroscopic models are obtained depending on the values of the local Péclet number and the local Fourier number. An example of the application of the different model catalogue is presented which concerns the modelling of the hot pressing of a paper web.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006540912415
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Russian human geography in the 'wonderland' of globalization (1998)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 45 (1998), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Schlagwort(e): globalization ; national tradition ; Russian human geography inertia ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006845428890
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resistance to lead and zinc in the western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis inhabiting contaminated Bayou Trepagnier (1998)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 7 (1998), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; acclimation ; resistance ; metal ; mosquitofish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract This study investigated the occurrence of adaptation to lead and zinc in the western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis inhabiting contaminated Bayou Trepagnier (Louisiana, USA). This bayou has a long history of industrial contamination. Present levels of lead and zinc in water and sediment were considerably higher in Bayou Trepagnier than in a nearby control stream. Tissue metal levels of mosquito fish were highly elevated for lead and (to a lesser extent) for zinc. Fish collected from Bayou Trepagnier and then exposed to zinc in a 96 h laboratory bioassay did not differ in their sensitivity to zinc from conspecifics collected from a control site. In contrast, Bayou Trepagnier fish did exhibit an increased resistance to lead. This difference in resistance to lead between Bayou Trepagnier fish and control fish was no longer evident when both groups of fish were kept for 34 days in the laboratory under identical conditions (in clean water). While a genetic basis of the difference in resistance between the two populations cannot be fully excluded, it does appear that the elevated lead resistance in Bayou Trepagnier mosquitofish is due to acclimation (physiological, individually-based) rather than adaptation at the population level
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008851516544
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lake ecosystem responses to rapid climate change (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 49 (1998), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Schlagwort(e): body size ; disturbance ; growth rate ; life history strategy ; perturbation ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we examine the consequences of rapid climate change on lake ecosystems in terms of two main effects: variability effects and magnitude effects. How these factors influence life history selection is considered by focusing upon body size as a quantifiable and strong correlate of life history variation (Pianka 1970, McNab 1980, Charnov 1991). We then consider the relationship between the concept of biological diversity and the diversity of life history strategies in the context of rapid climate change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005803111108
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnetometric Method of Investigating Fire Sites (1997)
    Springer
    Fire technology 33 (1997), S. 195-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): point of fire origin ; fire ; temperature ; plaster ; concrete ; thermal ; damage ; biotite ; magnetization ; susceptibility ; N-rays ; P-rays ; X-rays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were taken to determine fire exposure patterns on noncombustible structural members and compartment boundaries. These measurements led on-site fire investigators to the cause of combustion and the point of fire origin. Thermal damage to walls and to ceilings was estimated quantitatively by measuring MS and two-valent Fe ion concentration in building materials such as concrete and plaster. It was shown that these effects are preconditioned by thermochemical transformations in the mineral biotite, which is present as a component of common building materials. For the first time, the effect of a substantial and irreversible increase in biotite magnetization exposed to powerful flows of N- and P-rays was found. It is hoped that the presence of this “magnetic trace” of radiation in building materials will allow investigators to use the magnetometric method at nuclear power plant catastrophes such as that in Chernobyl. It was also shown that the influence of N- and P-rays on biotite's magnetic properties greatly differs from the thermal influence on biotite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015363605037
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adapting to the Changing Environment: A Theoretical Comparison of Decision Making Proficiency of Lean and Mass Organization Systems (1997)
    Springer
    Computational & mathematical organization theory 3 (1997), S. 113-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Schlagwort(e): organizational design ; environmental change ; computer simulation ; adaptation ; organizational learning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper weexamine the adaptability of the Japanese style leanorganization system and the traditional American style mass organizationsystem under changing environments. From an organizational designperspective, key structural aspects of the two organizations are modeled ina problem solving context using computational methods. Organizational-levelperformance in terms of decision making accuracy and severity of errors ismeasured as an indicator of organizational adaptability under conditionswhere the task environment shifts between predictable to unpredictable orvise versa. Our study shows that both organizations have their respectiveadvantages under different task environments and that they adapt toenvironmental shifts in different forms. Specifically, when the timepressure is high the lean organization system's performance isvirtually identical to the mass organization system, even though the leanorganization systemÆs members are more proactive. When the timepressure is low, the mass organization system shows a much fasteradaptability when the environment shifts to a predictable one but it is alsomore vulnerable when the environment shifts to an unpredictable one. Incontrast, the lean organization systemÆs response to the changingenvironment is characterized by its slower adaptability. When theenvironment shifts to an unpredictable one, the lean organization systemshows a gradual improvement till reaching a high level. When the environmentshifts to a predictable one, however, the lean organization system shows agradual decrease of performance. Our study further shows that the leanorganization system, with its strong team decision making emphasis, can bemore successful in avoiding severe errors when compared with the massorganization system, even under a predictable task environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009612617180
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement by LASER-Generated Ultrasound of Four Stiffness Coefficients of an Anisotropic Material at Elevated Temperatures (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 16 (1997), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Schlagwort(e): LASER ultrasound ; anisotropic material ; group velocity ; stiffness coefficients ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Ultrasonic waves are generated through a composite material by means of a noncontact technique. It uses a Nd:Yag LASER for the generation and an interferometric probe for the detection of acoustic waveforms. From a suitable set of experimental data, an inversion scheme is used for the recovering of four stiffness coefficients. They characterize the elasticity in a principal plane of symmetry of the material which exhibits an orthorhombic symmetry. The measurements are performed at various temperatures, elevated by steps up to 300°C for two specimen. The sensitivity of the method appears convenient to measure the temperature induced stiffness changes. The anisotropic degradation of the material properties are then pointed out.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022620501899
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adapting to Climate Change in Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1997), S. 19-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; Africa ; agriculture ; climate change ; vulnerability ; water
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract The intersection of present vulnerability and the prospect of climate change in Africa warrants proactive action now to reduce the risk of large-scale, adverse impacts. The process of planning adaptive strategies requires a systematic evaluation of priorities and constraints, and the involvement of stakeholders. An overview of climate change in Africa and case studies of impacts for agriculture and water underlie discussion of a typology of adaptive responses that may be most effective for different stakeholders. The most effective strategies are likely to be to reduce present vulnerability and to enhance a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, resource and economic perturbations. In some cases, such as design of water systems, an added risk factor should be considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000004663.31074.64
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adapting to climate change in Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1997), S. 19-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; Africa ; agriculture ; climate change ; vulnerability ; water
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract The intersection of present vulnerability and the prospect of climate change in Africa warrants proactive action now to reduce the risk of large-scale, adverse impacts. The process of planning adaptive strategies requires a systematic evaluation of priorities and constraints, and the involvement of stakeholders. An overview of climate change in Africa and case studies of impacts for agriculture and water underlie discussion of a typology of adaptive responses that may be most effective for different stakeholders. The most effective strategies are likely to be to reduce present vulnerability and to enhance a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, resource and economic perturbations. In some cases, such as design of water systems, an added risk factor should be considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02437055
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impact of Climate Change on Maize Yield in Central and Northern Greece: A Simulation Study with Ceres-Maize (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 251-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Greece ; maize ; climate change ; CO2 effects ; adaptation ; crop simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract The potential impacts of climate change on the phenology and yield of two maize varieties in Greece were studied. Three sites representing the central and northern agricultural regions were selected: Karditsa, Naoussa and Xanthi. The CERES-Maize model, embedded in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT 3.0), was used for the crop simulations, with current and possible future management practices. Equilibrium doubled CO2 climate change scenarios were derived from the GISS, GFDL, and UKMO general circulation models (GCMs); a transient scenario was developed from the GISS GCM transient run A. These scenarios predict consistent increases in air temperature, small increases in solar radiation and precipitation changes that vary considerably over the study regions in Greece. Physiological effects of CO2 on crop growth and yield were simulated. Under present management practices, the climate change scenarios generally resulted in decreases in maize yield due to reduced duration of the growing period at all sites. Adaptation analyses showed that mitigation of climate change effects may be achieved through earlier sowing dates and the use of new maize varieties. Varieties with higher kernel-filling rates, currently restricted to the central regions, could be extended to the northern regions of Greece. In the central regions, new maize varieties with longer grain-filling periods might be needed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000018044.48957.28
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling Crop-Climate Interactions in Spain: Vulnerability and Adaptation of Different Agricultural Systems to Climate Change (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 273-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; vulnerability ; adaptation ; agriculture ; Spain ; wheat ; maize
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract This study evaluates the theoretical impact of climate change on yields and water use of two crops with different responses to increased CO2 and which represent contrasting agricultural systems in Spain. In all cases the simulated effects of a CO2-induced climate change depended on the counteracting effects between higher daily ET rates, shortening of crop growth duration and changes in precipitation patterns as well as the simulated effects of CO2 on the water use efficiency of the crops. For summer irrigated crops such as maize, the yield reductions and the exacerbated problems of irrigation water availability simulated with climate change may force the crop out of production in some regions. For winter dryland crops such as wheat, productivity increased significantly in some regions, suggesting a northward shift of area suitable for wheat production in future climates. The study considered strategies for improving the efficiency of water use based on the optimization of crop management decisions in a CO2-driven warmer climate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000018139.42373.f1
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impact of Climate Change on Possible Scenarios for Egyptian Agriculture in the Future (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 233-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; vulnerability ; adaptation ; agriculture ; Egypt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract If no timely measures are taken to adapt Egyptian agriculture to possible climate warming, the effects may be negative and serious. Egypt appears to be particularly vulnerable to climate change because of its dependence on the Nile River as the primary water source, its large traditional agricultural base, and its long coastline, already undergoing both intensifying development and erosion. A simulation study characterized potential yield and water use efficiency decreases on two reference crops in the main agricultural regions with possible future climatic variation, even when the beneficial effects of increased CO2 were taken into account. On-farm adaptation techniques which imply no additional cost to the agricultural system, did not compensate for the yield losses with the warmer climate or improve the crop water-use efficiency. Economic adjustments such as the improvement of the overall water-use efficiency of the agricultural system, soil drainage and conservation, land management, and crop alternatives are essential. If appropriate measures are taken, negative effects of climate change in agricultural production and other major resource sectors (water and land) may be lessened.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000018270.16497.39
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling crop-climate interactions in Spain: Vulnerability and adaptation of different agricultural systems to climate change (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 273-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): climate change ; vulnerability ; adaptation ; agriculture ; Spain ; wheat ; maize
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract This study evaluates the theoretical impact of climate change on yields and water use of two crops with different responses to increased CO2 and which represent contrasting agricultural systems in Spain. In all cases the simulated effects of a CO2-induced climate change depended on the counteracting effects between higher daily ET rates, shortening of crop growth duration and changes in precipitation patterns as well as the simulated effects of CO2 on the water use efficiency of the crops. For summer irrigated crops such as maize, the yield reductions and the exacerbated problems of irrigation water availability simulated with climate change may force the crop out of production in some regions. For winter dryland crops such as wheat, productivity increased significantly in some regions, suggesting a northward shift of area suitable for wheat production in future climates. The study considered strategies for improving the efficiency of water use based on the optimization of crop management decisions in a CO2-driven warmer climate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00517807
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Impact of climate change on maize yield in central and northern Greece: A simulation study with CERES-Maize (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 1 (1997), S. 251-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Greece ; maize ; climate change ; CO2 effects ; adaptation ; crop simulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract The potential impacts of climate change on the phenology and yield of two maize varieties in Greece were studied. Three sites representing the central and northern agricultural regions were selected: Karditsa, Naoussa and Xanthi. The CERES-Maize model, embedded in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT 3.0), was used for the crop simulations, with current and possible future management practices. Equilibrium doubled CO2 climate change scenarios were derived from the GISS, GFDL, and UKMO general circulation models (GCMs); a transient scenario was developed from the GISS GCM transient run A. These scenarios predict consistent increases in air temperature, small increases in solar radiation and precipitation changes that vary considerably over the study regions in Greece. Physiological effects of CO2 on crop growth and yield were simulated. Under present management practices, the climate change scenarios generally resulted in decreases in maize yield due to reduced duration of the growing period at all sites. Adaptation analyses showed that mitigation of climate change effects may be achieved through earlier sowing dates and the use of new maize varieties. Varieties with higher kernel-filling rates, currently restricted to the central regions, could be extended to the northern regions of Greece. In the central regions, new maize varieties with longer grain-filling periods might be needed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00517806
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of Ionic Composition and Temperature on the Radiocaesium Fixation in Freshwater Sediments (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): freshwater sediments ; radiocaesium ; fixation ; ionic composition ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this study was to verify in which way the ionic composition of the sediment and that of the overlying water column may have an effect on radiocaesium fixation, through possible structural modifications of the frayed edge sites (FES) pools of the sediments. Two experimental protocols have been considered: i) a condition in which sediments were homoionically saturated with either potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium or sodium ions, and ii) a mixed potassium-calcium scenario in the liquid phase. Nine freshwater sediments from four different locations were used in this study. For homoionic potassium and ammonium saturated sediments a nearly quantitative radiocaesium desorption (90-100%) was observed, whereas for calcium and magnesium the desorption yields were about 20%. It appears that the action of strongly hydrated ions (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) leads to a pronounced enhancement of radiocaesium fixation in the solid phase, whereas poorly hydrated ions (K+, NH4 +) have the opposite effect and promote sorption reversibility. Another issue considered in this study concerns the effect of temperature and sediment drying on the radiocaesium fixation. Drying the sediments at 110°C leads to a significant increase in radiocaesium fixation levels, while drying the sediments at room temperature (25°C) has a very limited effect on radiocaesium fixation and appears to put a brake on the aging effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018361121952
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of ionic composition and temperature on the radiocaesium fixation in freshwater sediments (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 99 (1997), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): freshwater sediments ; radiocaesium ; fixation ; ionic composition ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this study was to verify in which way the ionic composition of the sediment and that of the overlying water column may have an effect on radiocaesium fixation, through possible structural modifications of the frayed edge sites (FES) pools of the sediments. Two experimental protocols have been considered: i) a condition in which sediments were homoionically saturated with either potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium or sodium ions. and ii) a mixed potassium-calcium scenario in the liquid phase. Nine freshwater sediments from four different locations were used in this study. For homoionic potassium and ammonium saturated sediments a nearly quantitative radiocaesium desorption (90–100%) was observed, whereas for calcium and magnesium the desorption yields scene about 20%. It appears that the action of strongly hydrated ions (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) leads to a pronounced enhancement of radiocaesium fixation in the solid phase, whereas poorly hydrated ions (K+, NH4 +) have the opposite effect and promote sorption reversibility. Another issue considered in this study concerns the effect of temperature and sediment drying on the radiocaesium fixation. Drying die sediments at 110°C leads to a significant increase in radiocaesium fixation levels, while drying the sediments at room temperature (25°C) has a very limited effect on radiocaesium fixation and appears to put a brake on the aging effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406859
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Integrated system for preparation of bone cement and effects on cement quality and environment (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 38 (1997), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Schlagwort(e): vacuum mixing ; bone cement ; temperature ; porosity ; methyl methacrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: We developed a prepacked mixing system for the preparation of bone cement. The system is based on mixing and collection of bone cement under a vacuum and serves as both the storage and mixing device for the cement components, thereby minimizing the exposure of the operating staff to the monomer and the risk for contamination of the cement during preparation. We evaluated the system using Palacos® R and Simplex® P. The cement produced was compared with cement obtained from a commercially available mixing system. Temperature evolution during curing, handling characteristics, density, and porosity of the cement obtained were analyzed. The results showed that the experimental system produces cement with physical properties (i.e., setting times and temperature, porosity, and density) equal to or better than those obtained with commercially available systems. Reducing the amount of monomer in the experimental system led to a reduction of the curing temperature without compromising the physical properties of the cements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 38: 135-142, 1997
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationships between soluble sugar concentrations in roots and ecosystem stress for first year sugar maple seedlings (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 88 (1996), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): Acidic deposition ; vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; seedling nutrition ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Accumulation of reducing sugars (i.e., glucose and fructose) in plant roots has been consistently correlated with forest dieback and decline and, therefore, has potential as a biological indicator of ecosystem stress. In this study, the relationships between acidic deposition and “natural” (temperature, mycorrhizae, and nutrition) factors with first-year sugar maple seedling root sugar concentrations and growth were assessed in two sugar maple dominated forests in Michigan. Seedlings at the southern site (Wellston) had greater root growth, phosphorus, total sugar, and sucrose concentrations in roots, but lower reducing sugar concentration in roots. In addition, percent root length colonized by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was less than that found for seedlings growing at the northern site (Alberta). Throughfall deposition of nitrate, sulfate, and hydrogen ions was not significantly correlated with seedling total or reducing sugar concentration. Total sugar concentration in seedling roots was positively correlated with air and soil temperatures at the southern site, but not at the northern site. Seedling tissue phosphorus concentration was correlated with total sugars at both sites, with sucrose at the southern site, and reducing sugars at the northern site. Mycorrhizal colonization rates at the Alberta site were positively correlated with reducing sugar concentration in seedling roots and negatively correlated with sucrose concentration. The results suggest that differences in seedling root sugar concentrations in these two forests are related to seedling root growth and are most likely due to ecological variables, such as available soil phosphorus, temperature, and growing season length through some complex interaction with mycorrhizae rather than acidic deposition stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157410
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A process for evaluating anticipatory adaptation measures for climate change (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 92 (1996), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; benefit-cost analysis ; cost-effectiveness analysis ; multicriteria analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Many countries are preparing national climate change action plans that describe specific measures they are taking to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the potential effects of climate change. Among the reasons for preparing such plans are that climate change is likely to occur, and many anticipatory measures that would be taken in response to climate change are “no regret” measures that will produce benefits even if climate does not change. Additionally, these plans can serve as communications required by the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change. We propose here an assessment process for anticipatory adaptation measures that will enable countries to identify and select measures to adapt to climate change. These measures anticipate potential climate changes and are flexible enough to meet objectives under a wide variety of future climate conditions. The process builds on assessments of vulnerability by focusing on adaptation measures for the most sensitive regions, or populations, within a country. Potential anticipatory adaptation measures are identified, and two or three are chosen based on expert judgment and analysis regarding which measures would produce the greatest benefits and be easiest to implement. Analytic techniques are used to assess the benefits and costs of each of the measures and evaluate barriers to implementation. The measure that is most cost-effective and is easiest to implement is selected. We illustrate the application of the process by examining a hypothetical forest threatened by climate change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175568
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Climate change vulnerability and adaptation in Asia and the Pacific: Workshop summary (1996)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 92 (1996), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): Asia ; Pacific island nations ; adaptation ; agriculture ; forest ; coastal resources ; water resources ; sea level rise ; national action plans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The Regional Workshop on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment in Asia and the Pacific metto present and discuss assessments of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in agriculture, forests, coastal resources, and water resources. Discussions were held in breakout and plenary sessions about the state of the science for vulnerability and adaptation assessment, conclusions that can be drawn about the vulnerability of the region to climate change, and where future research efforts should be directed. The workshop concluded that sea level rise is of greatest concern to island and coastal nations in the region, climate change will have a significant effect on agriculture, water resources are sensitive to changes in average climate conditions and to tropical monsoons and cyclones, and forests could be significantly affected by climate change. The workshop recommended that efforts to improve general circulation models continue and that countries in the region cooperate on the analyses of vulnerability and addressing adaptation measures. The workshop also concluded that results of vulnerability and adaptation assessments should be presented to policy makers and the public and that assessments continue to be undertaken to improve our understanding of the issue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175548
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nonlinear damped vibrations of simply-supported sandwich plates in a rapidly changing temperature field (1996)
    Springer
    Nonlinear dynamics 9 (1996), S. 369-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-269X
    Schlagwort(e): Damping ; vibration ; temperature ; sandwich
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The paper studies the effects of a rapidly changed temperature on the free vibrations of simply supported sandwich plates. It has been taken into account that the properties of the facings and of the core of the sandwich plate change with the temperature. The effects of geometrical nonlinearities on the behaviour of the plate have also been included. The damping is considered by modelling the viscoelastic core as a Voigt-Kelvin solid. A Runge-Kutta method is employed to solve the governing equations and obtain the numerical results. It was found that the rapid change of temperature strongly affects the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01833362
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSPORT OF METAL IONS IN FROZEN SOIL (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 693-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Schlagwort(e): unfrozen layer ; osmotic ; diffusion ; transport ; moisture ; temperature ; optimization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Two series of freezing column tests with distilled water and municipal solid waste leachate were investigated, using illitic silty clay. Temperature distributions along the freezing column were recorded as a function of distance and time. Unfrozen moisture content and osmotic pressures as a function of temperature were calculated.It was shown that temperature distributions as a function of distance and time were similar in all tests, probably as a result of the limited amount of moisture intake. The amount of moisture intake was directly related to freezing time and temperature gradient in the freezing column. Unfrozen moisture contents, ion concentrations and temperature gradients were identified as the controlling parameters that contributed to the boundary layer transport (BLT) of metal ions in frozen specimens. Na+ concentration profiles were mostly dependent on water movement in the freezing column. The behaviour of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations was similar to Na+; their concentrations in the soil solution decreased with freezing time due to ion exchange.Temperature, moisture content in an unfrozen boundary layer (UBL), and concentration gradient were taken into consideration in the development of a boundary layer transport model (BLTM). Based on the experimental results and Powell's optimization technique, the diffusivity parameters of various metal ions were calculated. Comparison of experimental and predicted results indicated that the BLTM can predict the migration of metal ions in UBL.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of a twin-torch transferred dc arc (1995)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 15 (1995), S. 309-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Transferred arc ; voltage-current characteristic ; inhomogeneous plasma ; optical emission spectroscopy ; electron density ; temperature ; spatial distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract The results of a twin-torch transferred de arc .study are presented. The arc system consists of two torches of opposite polarity, and a coupling zone of plasma jets located between them. The torch configuration increases the system reliability and efficiency during material plasma processing. The results of the study present data for the voltage-current characteristics, general behavior of the twin-torch arc, and spatial distribution of the plasma parameters. The plasma parameters have been measured using optical emission spectroscopy for a 200 A (20 k W) do arc, at atmospheric pressure, with argon and nitrogen introduced as plasma forming gases into the anode and the cathode units, respectively. The measurement technique used has allowed the determination of local electron density and temperature values in an inhomogeneous plasma volume having no axial sysmmetry. The data obtained illustrate the novel features of the twin-torch transfrred do arc for its applications in plasma processing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01459701
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrogen/argon plasma jet with methane addition (1995)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 15 (1995), S. 333-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrogen/argon plasma ; methane ; do arc jet ; atmospheric pressure ; optical emission spectroscopy ; temperature ; density ; spatial distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Spatial distributions of plasma parameters are presented for a H2/Ar plasma jet with addition of methane. The plasma has been generated at atmospheric pressure by a 200 A (20 kW) nontransferred do arc. Optical emission spectroscopy has been used for the measurements assuming the plasma jet to be optically thin and to have an axial symmetry. Local spectral ernissivity values have been evaluated using a routine Abel inversion procedure. Half- width and emissivity of Hβ spectral line have been measured to determine the electron density and temperature of the plasma. The densities of excited C, CH radicals have been evaluated from the absolute emissivities of relevant molecular emission bands measured in limited spectral intervals in the visible spectrum. The emissivity ratios have been used to fund rotational and vibrational temperatures. The results supply information on methane decomposition and the behavior of molecular radicals in close-to-thermal plasma jets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01459702
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Degradation of 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid byPseudomonas aeruginosa JB2 at low oxygen tensions (1995)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 6 (1995), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): oxygen tension ; 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid ; mixed substrates ; continuous culture ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract From long-term chemostat experiments, variants ofPseudomonas aeruginosa JB2 were obtained which exhibited altered properties with respect to the metabolism of 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,5-DBA). Thus, unlike the original strain JB2-WT, strain JB2-var1 is able to grow in continuous culture on 2,5-DBA as the sole limiting carbon and energy source. Yet, at a dilution rate of 0.07 h−1 and a dissolved oxygen concentration of ≤ 12 µM, even with this strain no steady states with 2,5-DBA alone could be established in continuous cultures. Yet another strain was obtained after prolonged continuous growth of JB2-var1 in the chemostat. It has improved 2,5-DBA degrading capabilities which become apparent only during growth in continuous culture: a lower apparent K m for 2,5-DBA and lowered steady-state residual concentrations of 2,5 DBA. Although with this strain steady states were obtained at oxygen concentrations as low as 11 µM, at further lowered concentrations this was no longer possible. In C-limited continuous cultures of JB2-var1 or JB2-var2, addition of benzoic acid (BA) to the feed reduced the amounts of 2,5-DBA degraded, which was most apparent at low oxygen concentrations (〈 30 µM). At higher dissolved oxygen concentrations the addition of BA resulted in increasing cell-densities but did not affect the residual steady state concentration of 2,5-DBA. Indeed, whole cell suspensions from chemostat cultures grown on BA plus 2,5-DBA did show a lower apparent affinity for 2,5-DBA than those from cultures grown on 2,5-DBA alone. These results indicate that in environments with low oxygen concentrations and alternative, more easily degradable, substrates the degradation rates of chloroaromatic compounds by aerobic organisms may be negatively affected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702297
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new approach to free-form surface mesh control in a CAD environment (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3121-3142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): computer aided design ; non-uniform rational B-spline ; Bézier ; restricted patches ; multi-connected surfaces ; node re-positioning ; mesh control ; adaptation ; free-form surface mesh ; force density ; network of bars ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An adaptive process controlling the position of nodes on a surface mesh is presented. The control can depend on one (or more) criterion(ria) about element quality. The mesh is attached, through the concept of classification, to a geometric model issued by a computer aided design software. Thus, the surface domain is described by entities currently available in such systems, i.e. any free-form patches like Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline or Bézier patches can be used, even if they are restricted. Multi-connected surface domains can be treated using the same geometrical definition. The method described allows nodes to slide on a patch or jump from a patch onto another one. Such movements greatly improve the mesh quality with regard to a chosen criterion. Problems occurring with patch-by-patch meshing techniques when surfaces patches exhibit significant size differences are then overcome. The adaptation technique can be made independent of CAD data structures and meshing techniques, hence it constitutes the basis of a mesh management module.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620381807
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of climatic change through harmonic analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 9 (1994), S. 5-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Schlagwort(e): Fourier transform ; maximum entropy spectral analysis ; precipitation ; temperature ; climatic change
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the present work, a precipitation and temperature series from Barcelona (Spain) are analysed in order to detect the possible existence of climatic changes or cycles. The analysis is carried out both from the temporal and spectral standpoints. The techniques used range from the classical periodogram and Blackman-Tukey method through to the Maximum Entropy method. The results do not show the existence of climatic cycles, though they do show a clear tendency toward increased precipitation and decreased temperature, since the last years of series.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662588
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetics and biochemistry of 1,2-dichloroethane degradation (1994)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 5 (1994), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): chlorinated hydrocarbons ; biodegradation ; 1,2-dichloroethane ; alkanes ; Xanthobacter ; dehalogenase ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is a synthetic compound that is not known to be formed naturally. Nevertheless, several pure microbial cultures are able to use it as a sole carbon source for growth. Degradation of 1,2-DCE proceeds via 2-chloroethanol, chloroacetaldehyde and chloroacetate to glycolate. The genes encoding the enzymes responsible for the conversion of 1,2-DCE to glycolic acid have been isolated. The haloalkane dehalogenase and an aldehyde dehydrogenase are plasmid encoded. Two other enzymes, the alcohol dehydrogenase and the haloacid dehalogenase, are chromosomally encoded. Sequence analysis indicates that the haloacid dehalogenase belongs to the L-specific 2-chloroproprionic acid dehalogenases. From the three-dimensional structure and sequence similarities, the haloalkane dehalogenase appears to be a member of the α/β hydrolase fold hydrolytic enzymes, of which several are involved in the degradation of aromatic and aliphatic xenobiotic compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696463
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment (4). Terrestrial plants (1994)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 3 (1994), S. 180-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; damage ; drought ; fluorinated compounds ; heavy metals ; phytochelatins ; proline ; putrescine ; seleno amino acids ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The potential of metabolites, enzymatic processes and changes in plant performance as biomarkers in environmental assessment is reviewed. Biomarkers may be used as an early warning system of specific or general stress at each biological level, from molecules to ecosystems. The sensitivity of a species and, thus, the efficiency of a biomarker will depend on the degree of already present adaptation to environmental stress and on the homogeneity of the investigated population. Biomarkers for specific environmental stresses are scarce; better known are biomarkers for environmental stress complexes such as heavy metals, physiological drought and extreme temperature or biomarkers as a reaction on a full scale of environmental stresses. It is argued that a battery of biomarkers is necessary to evaluate chemical hazards to species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117083
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Air microwave-induced plasma: Detection of NO in the post-discharge using an ArF laser (1993)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 13 (1993), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Schlagwort(e): Air microwave plasma ; laser-induced fluorescence ; temperature ; nitrogen monoxide density
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract ArF laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of the density of NO achieved in the post-discharge of an N2-O2 microwave-induced plasma (2450 MHz). The fluorescence spectrum provides a determination of NO vibrational temperature downstream the discharge. Absolute concentration profiles were determined in the low-temperature region of the post-discharge.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466049
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Release of inorganic N, P and K in peat soils; effect of temperature, water chemistry and water level (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 20 (1993), S. 63-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): nutrient release ; peat soil ; temperature ; water chemistry ; water level ; wetland ; N ; P ; K ; eutrophication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In the Netherlands, fens that are fed by polluted river water are often eutrophic, whereas fens fed by calcium-rich groundwater often are mesotrophic. Differences in trophic status can not always be attributed to differences in the nutrient load of the water. In this paper we try to determine if the inflow of river water in fens, in fact, accelerates the soil nutrient release, thereby creating more eutrophic conditions (‘internal eutrophication’). For this purpose, we compared nutrient release rates (N, P and K) in soil cores fromSphagnum peat andCarex peat saturated with different media, that were artificially created to mimic the three basic water sources: polluted river water, unpolluted calcium-rich groundwater and rainwater. In addition, we studied the effect of temperature and water level on nutrient release rates. The experiments proved thatSphagnum peat released much more P and ammonium thanCarex peat. The strong site effect proved consistent throughout the water chemistry treatments, which indicates that soil quality may be the most important agent determining nutrient release rates. Nevertheless, it was established that water chemistry and water level are of significant influence on nutrient release rates in peat soils. In particular, river water stimulated P release by the peat, most notably in theSphagnum peat. P-release in both soils was only minor when the soils were incubated in clean Ca-rich groundwater. It is suggested that P release is strongly associated with soil chemical processes, and that high P release rates after incubation in river water are due to the high sulphate content of the water. The net release from the soil of ammonium, potassium and phosphate increased with increasing temperature. A freezing treatment significantly increased nutrient availability. The results of the experiments are examined in the context of hydrologic management strategies for the conservation of fens in agricultural landscapes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004135
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Age and sex differences in the impact of seasonal energy stress among Andean agriculturalists (1991)
    Springer
    Human ecology 19 (1991), S. 351-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): energetics ; seasonality ; nutritional status ; adaptation ; Peru
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract It has been widely argued that children and females are most severely affected during periods of food scarcity. This proposition is tested using dietary and anthropometric data from the Andean community of Nuñoa, Peru. Contrary to expectation, children (ages 12 years and under) are relatively protected from seasonal food scarcity while adults experience severe caloric stress. Anthropometric measures of nutritional status corroborate the dietary analysis, indicating significantly better nutritional status in children. Sex differences in dietary adequacy are not evident. Adult males, however, have significantly poorer measures of nutritional status than adult females. These differences in dietary adequacy and nutritional status reflect adaptations to marked seasonality in work demands and energy availability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00888982
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Degradation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by a Nocardioides simplex culture (1990)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 1 (1990), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; dechlorination ; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; isolation ; Nocardioides ; 2,4,5-trichlorophenol ; 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; utilization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A Nocardioides simplex strain 3E was isolated which totally dechlorinated 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and was capable of its utilization as the sole source of carbon. The mechanism of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by this strain was investigated. Chloroaromatic metabolites that occur in the lag, exponential and stationary growth phases of the strain Nocardioides simplex 3E were isolated and identified bases on a combination of TLC, GC-MS and HPLC data. Decomposition of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid at the initial stage was shown to proceed by two pathways: via the splitting of the two-carbon fragment to yield 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and the reductive dechlorination to produce 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Hydrolytic dechlorination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid was found to yield dichlorohydroxyphenoxyacetic acid, thus pointing to the possible existence of a third branch at the initial stage of degradation of the xenobiotic. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid produced during the metabolism of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and in experiments with resting cells are utilized by the strain Nocardioides simplex 3E as growth substrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00119763
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biogeochemistry of Late Paleozoic North American brachiopods and secular variation of seawater composition (1989)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 7 (1989), S. 159-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): Brachiopod biogeochemistry ; diagenesis ; secular isotopic variations ; carbon isotopes ; oxygen isotopes ; Sr/Ca ; temperature ; Recent ; Late Paleozoic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Sr/Ca ratios in modern brachiopod shells reflect variations in ambient seawater, whereas their Na contents show no relationship with water depth or habitat. Their Mn and Fe contents are controlled, in part, by leaching of these elements from oxide coatings or the low input/sedimentation rate of detrital material into depositional areas such as Quatsino Sound. For most Carboniferous brachiopods from North America, the Mn and Fe contents are similar to those recorded by their Recent counterparts. The high Mn and Fe contents in the brachiopods from shales suggest several possibilities for these levels. One possibility is the leaching of Mn and Fe from oxide coatings/matrix which was not completely removed in the cleaning process, or the high levels in part reflect unusual depositional conditions (some degree of anoxia) for the local shaly environments. The Sr/Ca ratio of brachiopods and, by inference, complementary seawater, did not vary significantly during the Carboniferous. The Sr/Ca minimum observed in brachiopods of Mississippian age coincides with a dip in the 87Sr/86Sr curve and correlates with the Hercynian orogeny. This is attributed to the cycling of seawater through mid-ocean ridge basalts, and postulated exchange reactions account for variation in the composition of seawater-Ca. The unidirectional trend of heavier δ13C values from the Devonian to the Permian is intricately coupled with the evolution of the terrestrial biomass. In addition to expansion of terrestrial plants, burial of reduced carbon in the form of coal (organic matter) contributed to the observed shift. The start of the Permo-Pennsylvanian glaciation is marked by a negative excursion of the secular carbon trend, which is linked to weathering of reduced carbon and its return to the oceanic reservoir with its oxidized carbon. The oxygen isotope values reflect the unidirectional trend towards higher values of the carbon data with decreasing geologic age. Negative excursions of the trend may be related to extensive weathering of terrestrial and submarine rocks, whereas positive excursions may be related to hydrothermal alteration of submarine rocks and dehydration of oceanic crust during times of active sea-floor spreading. Oxygen-calculated water temperatures of unaltered brachiopod material are unrealistically high for all of the Devonian, and the Chesterian-Meramecian, Desmoinesian-Missourian, and Artinskian Epochs. During these times maximum water temperatures of 42° to 56°C are well above the thermal threshold of protein denaturation. This process, which is lethal to most higher organisms, demands an adjustment in oxygen of -2.5%. for samples older than Missourian, and of -1.250%. for samples spanning the Missourian-Artinskian interval. With these adjustments and salinity considerations made prior to calculations, water temperatures become reasonable for the Late Paleozoic epeiric, tropical seas of North America.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004216
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three hundred years of Taungya: A sustainable system of forestry in south China (1988)
    Springer
    Human ecology 16 (1988), S. 361-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; China ; forestry ; land use ; minorities ; taungya
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Taungya is a system of forest management in which land is cleared and planted initially to food crops. Seedlings of desirable tree species are then planted on the same plot, leading in time to a harvestable stand of timber. Taungya is believed to have been developed by the British in Burma during the nineteenth century. Historical research indicates that successional systems of forest management which follow the pattern of taungya have been used for at least three centuries by ethnic minorities in and by the Han population. The resilience of these systems is associated with economic and social factors which have made the cultivation of trees an adaptive strategy of land use for the inhabitants of the highlands of southern China.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891648
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cultural and genetic adaptations to malaria: Problems of comparison (1986)
    Springer
    Human ecology 14 (1986), S. 311-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; malaria ; Sardinia ; thalassemia ; G-6-Pd deficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract The concept of adaptation has been used differently in studies of biological and cultural evolution, and this divergence raises the question of whether genetic and cultural adaptations are truly comparable. This paper compares genetic and cultural traits associated with endemic malaria in Sardinia, Italy. Thalassemia and G-6-Pd deficiency, two genetic traits of the Island's population, are believed to enhance fitness against malaria, despite increased risk for the diseases of thalassemia major and favism. Two cultural traits, a pastoral pattern of inverse transhumance and rules limiting the geographical mobility of lowland women, limited exposure to the malaria vector, Anopheles labranchiae; these are used as examples of cultural adaptations. The distribution, costs, and benefits of the adaptive cultural and genetic traits are compared, and the theoretical difficulties of finding a common measure of adaptive value are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00889033
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bicultural oscillation as a long-term adaptation to cultural frontiers: Cases and questions (1985)
    Springer
    Human ecology 13 (1985), S. 411-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): adaptation ; cyclical change ; cultural boundary ; versatility ; nomadism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Comparison of two nomadic peoples, one pastoral, the other food-collecting, reveals that rapid bicultural oscillation of both is an adaptation to their multizoned environments. One may speak of their being flexible in the face of temporally variable environmental hazards and opportunities. For each people, the more nomadic of their two cultures is associated with norms of propriety, the more sedentary one entails what Freilich calls “smart norms.” It is argued that this complementation gives both cultures continuing appeal, thereby facilitating rapid change. A major difference between decisionmaking mechanisms in the two cases underscores that we treat a system type in a very abstract sense. Other, possibly similar cases are noted from ethnographic literature. A formal theory is put forward concerning the tendency of people under certain conditions to develop oscillating biculturalism. Such rapidly oscillating systems are proposed to have a biological analogue in versatile acclimatizers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531153
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions (1984)
    Springer
    Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 309-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Indicators ; Air pollution ; Ecosystem responses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract With existing and proposed air-quality regulations, ecological disasters resulting from air emissions such as those observed at Copperhill, Tennessee, and Sudbury, Ontario, are unlikely. Current air-quality standards, however, may not protect ecosystems from subacute and chronic exposure to air emissions. The encouragement of the use of coal for energy production and the development of the fossil-fuel industries, including oil shales, tar sands, and coal liquification, point to an increase and spread of fossil-fuel emissions and the potential to influence a number of natural ecosystems. This paper reviews the reported responses of ecosystems to air-borne pollutants and discusses the use of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to these pollutants. Animal species and populations can act as important indicators of biotic and abiotic responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These responses can indicate long-term trends in ecosystem health and productivity, chemical cycling, genetics, and regulation. For short-term trends, fish and wildlife also serve as monitors of changes in community structure, signaling food-web contamination, as well as providing a measure of ecosystem vitality. Information is presented to show not only the importance of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air-quality degradation, but also their value as air-pollution indices, that is, as air-quality-related values (AQRV), required in current air-pollution regulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868030
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ciguatera — Parameters of a tropical health problem (1984)
    Springer
    Human ecology 12 (1984), S. 253-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): ciguatera ; fish poisoning ; marine biotoxins ; ciguatoxin ; neurotoxins ; dinoflagellates ; marine resources ; Pacific Islands ; health ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ciguatera fish poisoning is a significant health and resource problem in the tropical world, largely because of its uneven and unpredictable distribution in space and through time. Here, the problem is reviewed with evidence from the Pacific Basin. The contemporary distribution of ciguatera and the species commonly perceived to be toxic are considered and a hypothesis relating the greater prevalence of ciguatera in the eastern Pacific to reduced species diversity is presented. The problem is also considered as a public health phenomenon (the mean reported incidence for the Pacific region as a whole in 1981 was 109/100,000) and attention is given to island dwellers' adaptation to the problem, their explanations of its etiology, as well as its detection, prophylaxis, and cure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540591
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monoculture, polyculture, and polyvariety in tropical forest Swidden cultivation (1983)
    Springer
    Human ecology 11 (1983), S. 13-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): Swidden cultivation ; Ye'kwana ; Yanomamö ; neotropics ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract A number of researchers have suggested that polyculture is characteristic of native tropical forest swiddens and have adduced theory from community ecology to account for its adaptiveness. Ye'kwana and Yanomamö swidden cultivation is examined, and it is shown that polyculture is not practiced to any significant degree. Instead, the concept of polyvariety is introduced along with a number of other cultivation practices that more simply account for the adaptiveness of Ye'kwana and Yanomamö gardening. In addition, comparative data from other parts of the tropical world indicate that polyculture is no more common than monoculture and recent advances in ecological research indicate that the diversity-stability hypothesis that underpins adaptive arguments of polyculture is in need of drastic revision.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891228
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interactions of genetic and cultural evolution: Models and examples (1982)
    Springer
    Human ecology 10 (1982), S. 289-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): coevolution ; adaptation ; cultural evolution ; genetic evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper proposes models and examples of five principal modes of interaction between genes and culture in human evolution. Because genes and culture ultimately interact in the minds of individuals, the models are focused on individual level processes of “constrained microevolution.” The central hypotheses are (1) that cultural evolution as well as genetic evolution commonly proceeds by the differential transmission of alternative “instructions” among individuals, (2) that genetic and cultural processes directly interact through mutual influence on each other's differentials of transmission in a population, (3) that the cultural process is often self-selecting by its own criteria, and (4) that these criteria generally operate to enhance rather than oppose human adaptation. Evolutionary change at higher levels, which is particularly important in sociocultural evolution, is interpreted as restructuring the nature and extent of the variability available at the individual level. To clarify the conceptual differences of the models and hopefully to stimulate related analyses in other areas, I discuss selected examples of each of these interactions. I conclude with some remarks on the relative importance of the models to human ecology and evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531188
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ecology of marine exploitation in prehistoric Hawaii (1982)
    Springer
    Human ecology 10 (1982), S. 455-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): fishing ; faunal analysis ; Oceania (Hawaii) ; niche width ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Archaeological evidence for prehistoric strategies of marine exploitation in Oceania may be profitably analyzed from an ecological perspective, in which individual sites and assemblages are viewed in the context of adaptation to local environmental constraints. This perspective is illustrated through the contrastive analysis of environment, technology, and faunal remains at three prehistoric Hawaiian sites. Differing strategies of marine exploitation evidenced for each site are shown to reflect local marine environmental conditions. An ecological approach shows greater promise for an understanding of prehistoric adaptation to marine environment than the typological analyses current in much archaeological work on fishing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531167
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Environmental analysis in human evolution and adaptation research (1980)
    Springer
    Human ecology 8 (1980), S. 135-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): cultural ecology ; adaptation ; environmental analysis ; human evolution ; evolutionary ecology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract Human evolution and ecology analyses argue that environment is a major factor influencing biological and sociocultural adaptation, but they rarely analyze environmental properties. Multiple problems of perspective and method can arise from the normative and nondynamic environmental descriptions which pervade these analyses. This paper examines human adaptation frameworks to identify theoretical guidelines for environmental description in ways appropriate to available theories of biocultural evolution or congruent with known ecosystem qualities. Concepts and terminology are given for describing the spatial and temporal properties characteristic of ecosystems and central to hypotheses about ecological adaptation. These include: patchiness and grain; stability and resilience; persistence and recurrence; and predictability, constancy, and contingency. Field experience, theory, and the qualities of ecosystems themselves suggest that detailed, historical (long-term) environmental analysis is necessary to determine the role of ecological factors in human evolution and adapation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531439
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Human adaptation and energetic efficiency (1979)
    Springer
    Human ecology 7 (1979), S. 53-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): energetic efficiency ; adaptation ; behavioral ecology ; optimal foraging theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract A lack of consensus on the general adaptive significance of energetic efficiency can be shown to exist in ecology and anthropology. After briefly reviewing key studies in optimal foraging theory and ecological anthropology, a model is presented which includes the following elements: (1) an equation of adaptive success with reproductive fitness, within an optimality framework; (2) a definition of energy limitation consistent with this framework; (3) a distinction between efficiency of energy capture and efficiency of energy use in achieving other goals; (4) a multiple definition of energetic efficiency that distinguishes purely energetic measures (output/input) from rate measures (energy captured per unit time); (5) the inclusion of time budgeting as a primary adaptive constraint; (6) a quantitative demonstration that increased output/input ratios do not consistently predict an increase in net energy captured, and are poor measures where time is a constraint. The general conclusion is that where energy is limiting, increased efficiency in the rate of energy capture will be adaptive because more net energy will be made available; where energy is not limiting, an increased net capture rate may still confer increased adaptive success, since time and labor energy are freed from energy-capture activities and can be devoted to achieving other adaptive goals. But while energetic efficiency, properly defined, is shown to have general adaptive significance in all cases where time or energy are constraints, considerations of adaptive optimality preclude the general equation of energetic efficiency and adaptive success.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00889352
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Momentum and energy balance equations for compacting sediments (1976)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 8 (1976), S. 305-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Schlagwort(e): finite differences ; mathematics ; numerical analysis ; geophysics ; hydrology ; pressure ; temperature ; compacting sediments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Coupled energy and momentum balance equations are derived for a one-dimensional sequence of compacting sediments. These transient, nonlinear partial differential equations represent the one-dimensional equations of state for an accumulating sedimentary basin. A numerical solution is presented which provides a first-order approximation for porosity, temperature, and fluid pressures in the northern Gulf of Mexico. It seems that compaction disequilibrium is the primary mechanism for development of excess fluid pressures. Furthermore, the coupling of the equations demonstrates that temperature and pressure cannot be treated independently as may have been done in diagenetic studies. Some areas for further investigations are indicated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029275
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Turbid horizons at mid-depth in the Wilmington Canyon area
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 14 (1982), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): U.S.A. east coast ; continental shelves ; salinity ; temperature ; turbidity
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(82)80019-4
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrences of congeneric pairs of Acartia and Pseudodiaptomus species (copepoda, calanoida) in Moreton Bay, Queensland
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 13 (1981), S. 591-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): Queensland coast ; abundance ; competition ; copepoda ; salinity ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(81)80060-6
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of temperature, salinity, and phenanthrene (a petroleum derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) on the respiration of larval mud crabs, Rhithropanopeus harrisii
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 10 (1980), S. 655-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): aromatic compounds ; crabs ; laboratory methods ; larval stages ; oil pollution ; respiration rates ; salinity ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(80)80094-6
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An investigation into the relationship of sea temperature and food supply to the size of the planktonic copepod Temora longicornis Muller in the North Sea
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 13 (1981), S. 145-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): Copepoda ; North Sea ; feeding ; size ; temperature ; zooplankton
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(81)80072-2
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical variability in the Tamar Estuary, south-west England
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 14 (1982), S. 649-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): England coast ; chemical properties ; dissolved oxygen ; estuaries ; pH ; salinity ; suspended solids ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(82)80005-4
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physical characteristics of an inshore area on the atlantic coast of brittany and their influence on the pelagic ecosystem: The case of the 'Riviere d' Etel'
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 13 (1981), S. 131-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): Atlantic Ocean east ; France coast ; hydrologic regime ; phytoplankton ; temperature ; weather ; zooplankton
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(81)80071-0
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen nutrition of the phytoplankton in the Oslofjord
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 14 (1982), S. 237-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): Oslo Fjord ; ammonium ions ; emission spectroscopy ; nitrates ; plankton ; seasonal variations ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(82)80014-5
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Currents on the shelf of north-eastern South America
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 14 (1982), S. 283-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0302-3524
    Schlagwort(e): South America east coast ; circulation ; continental shelves ; currents ; salinity ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(82)80017-0
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A study of some parameters relevant to the response of harwell PMMA dosimeters to gamma and electron irradiation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Radiation Physics and Chemistry 42 (1993), S. 739-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0969-806X
    Schlagwort(e): Co-60 gamma ; PMMA dosimeters ; dose-rate ; dosimeter response ; electron beam ; irradiation ; shelf-life ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0969-806X(93)90363-Y
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recovery of radiation-induced color centers in poly(vinyltoluene)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Radiation Physics and Chemistry 41 (1993), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0969-806X
    Schlagwort(e): EPR ; Radiation damage ; absorption ; anneal ; color centers ; decay ; kinetics ; oxygen-free ; poly(vinyltoluene) ; polystyrene ; radicals ; recovery ; scintillator ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0969-806X(93)90043-T
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time series analyses of global change data
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Schlagwort(e): Wolf sunspot index ; atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ; global climate change ; temperature ; time series analysis
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90023-X
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of the impact of rising carbon dioxide and other potential climate changes on vegetation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Environmental Pollution 83 (1994), S. 223-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-7491
    Schlagwort(e): carbon dioxide ; growth ; photosynthesis ; temperature ; ultra violet-B radiation
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)90037-X
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reproductive Seasonality, Distribution, and Abundance of Prionotus carolinus and P. evolans (Pisces: Triglidae) in the New York Bight
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 38 (1994), S. 173-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Schlagwort(e): New Jersey ; continental shelf ; estuaries ; habitats ; life histories ; reproduction ; searobins ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1994.1011
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperatures in a Sandy Beach Under Strong Solar Heating: Patara Beach, Turkey
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 37 (1993), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Schlagwort(e): Mediterranean ; Turkey ; sand beach ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1993.1043
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Turbidity and salinity in a tropical northern Australian estuary and their influence on fish distribution
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 35 (1992), S. 545-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Schlagwort(e): estuarine habitat ; fish distribution ; salinity ; seasonal patterns ; temperature ; turbidity
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80038-1
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physico-chemical conditions for plankton in Lake Timsah, a saline lake on the Suez Canal
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 34 (1992), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-7714
    Schlagwort(e): Egypt ; Suez Canal ; coastal area ; nutrients ; saline lake ; salinity ; temperature
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80100-3
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...