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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of a monoclonal antibody against human amelogenin (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 76-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Human ; Amelogenin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The extracellular organic matrix of developing human enamel is composed of two major classes of proteins, the hydrophobic amelogenins and the acidic enamelins. In order to identify, purify, and characterize the amelogenins from this complex mixture of proteins, and to study their ultrastructural localization and their pathways of synthesis, secretion, and degradation, specific and sensitive probes are needed. In the present paper the production of a monoclonal antibody against human amelogenin employing an intrasplenic primary immunization protocol is described. The monoclonal antibody produced is IgM and recognizes major human amelogenin protein bands in Western immunoblot assays. It also recognizes amelogenin protein bands from other species, specifically bovine and porcine. Indirect immunohistochemical studies showed the monoclonal antibody to react specifically with the extracellular matrix of human developing enamel. It did not react with the underlying dentin layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316294
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnesium distribution in human bone (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Magnesium ; Bone ; Aging ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present study was undertaken to reveal the magnesium distribution in human bone. Sixty human ribs, obtained from subjects aged 10–80 years of age, were used. Transverse sections were prepared from the middle region of the human ribs. Adjacent sections were ground to a thickness of about 1000 μm. One section was used for magnesium determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and the other was used for analysis with X-ray microanalysis. Thirty micron thick samples were abraded continuously from the periosteal and the endosteal surfaces by abrasive microsampling, as previously described by Weatherell et al. [3]. Results showed that magnesium concentrations were higher in both the periosteal and endosteal surfaces and did not change with age in general, although it tended to be higher among teenagers and lower over 80 years old.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316287
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical study of seminal γ-glutamyltransferase using monoclonal antibodies (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Seminal γ-glutamyltransferase ; Prostate gland ; Seminal vesicle ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproductive organs, male ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We produced three monoclonal antibodies, SG1, SG2 and SG3, specific for human seminal γ-glutamyltransferase when characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. Seminal γ-glutamyltransferase was localized, by immunostaining, to the epithelial cells of the ductus epididymidis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland with SG1, those of the prostate gland with SG2, and those of the seminal vesicle with SG3. Rabbit polyclonal anti-seminal γ-glutamyltransferase serum reacted with the proximal convolution of the kidney and the bile capillaries of the liver, and with the epithelial cells of the reproductive organs. However, immunoreactivity was not observed in the kidney or liver with the monoclonal antibodies. Thus, these monoclonal antibodies are probably all specific to seminal γ-glutamyltransferase but recognize different epitopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303078
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryofracture of human term amniochorion (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amniochorion ; Cryofracture ; Fetal membrane rupture ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Fetal membranes ; Decidua ; Planimetry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By use of cryofracture and scanning electron microscopy of human amniochorion we have captured images of all the major layers of the tissue. Correlation of confocal and electron-microscope data has allowed greater understanding of how these cellular and acellular layers interconnect in order to maintain their integrity as a multilaminar tissue. This is not straightforward as mutual sliding or area change is required of concentric curved surfaces which expand and contract as does the amnion. In this paper we suggest a mechanism by which the amnion is able to slide with respect to the chorion and still maintain continuity as a structural unit. It is based on the observation of complementary gyri and sulci on surfaces facing the spongy layer which is a shear plane. Cellular detail at higher resolution of the amniotic epithelium and acellular layers provides a more complete description of structural composition than was previously available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327779
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basement membrane components of bronchial epithelium in humans suffering from chronic nonspecific lung diseases (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 505-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen IV ; Laminin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Basement membrane ; Bronchial epithelium ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Collagen IV and laminin are important constituents of the basement membrane (BM). By use of immunocytochemistry we examined the occurrence and distribution of these two components in the BM beneath normal, mucoid and metaplastic epithelium of large bronchi in 22 adults suffering from chronic nonspecific lung diseases. Both collagen IV and laminin were expressed as a thin and continuous layer beneath the epithelium in most tissue specimens with normal epithelium. In a few specimens the layer showed interruptions with a patchy distribution of the immunoreactivity. Three patterns of distribution of BM components were found under the metaplastic epithelium. Total absence of immunoreactive collagen IV and laminin was the most common variant. Weak and scarce staining for both proteins in the BM characterized the second pattern. The third variant showed strong collagen IV immunoreactivity but lack of laminin. The BM beneath the mucoid epithelium was characterized by irregular distribution of collagen IV and laminin. We suggest that the occurrence and distributional pattern of the BM components are related to the type of overlying epithelium and connected with an altered synthesis of these components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300223
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odontoclastic resorption of the superficial nonmineralized layer of predentine in the shedding of human deciduous teeth (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Odontoclasts ; Resorption ; Predentine ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry ; TR-ACPase (tartrateresistant acid phosphatase) ; Deciduous teeth ; Shedding ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Resorption by odontoclasts of a superficial nonmineralized layer of predentine that occurs in prior to the shedding of human deciduous teeth was studied by light and electron microscopy. As resorption of the tooth roots neared completion, multinucleate cells appeared on the predentine surface of the coronal dentine between the degenerated odontoblasts, excavated characteristic resorption lacunae in the nonmineralized predentine. These multinucleate cells had the same ultrastructural characteristics as odontoclasts and histochemical demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in the multinucleate cells revealed intense staining in numerous small granules identified as lysosomes. Occasionally, the multinucleate cells simultaneously resorbed both nonmineralized and calcospherite-mineralized matrix in the predentine. The study demonstrates that multinucleate odontoclasts can resorb nonmineralized predentine matrix in vivo, probably in the same way as they resorb demineralized organic matrix in the resorption zone underlying their ruffled border.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303076
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkel cell distribution in human hair follicles of the fetal and adult scalp (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Merkel cells ; Cytokeratins ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Hair follicles ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of Merkel cells in fetal and adult terminal hair follicles of human scalp was studied immunohistochemically using cytokeratin (CK) 20 as a specific Merkel cell marker. In hair follicles of adult scalp, abundant Merkel cells were found enriched in two belt-like clusters, one in the deep infundibulum and one in the isthmus region. No Merkel cells were found in the deep follicular portions including the bulb, or in the dermis. In early fetal hair follicles (bulbous peg stage), Merkel cells were only detected in the basal layer of the developing infundibulum but not in deeper follicular areas. In later stages, Merkel cells were also present in the isthmus and bulge. No Merkel cells were seen in the dermis around developing hair follicles. Nerve growth factor receptor was not only present in nerves but was found to be widely distributed within fetal skin. In adult skin, this receptor was localized to the basal cell layers of the outer root sheath of the bulb and the suprabulbar area, but was not detectable in the areas containing Merkel cells. The present study localizing Merkel cells within the permanent hair follicle structures close to their possible stem cells suggests that they have paracrine functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303089
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous histochemical reaction pattern of the lectin Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia with blood vessels of human full-term placenta (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Placenta ; Blood vessels ; Endothelial cells ; Blood groups ; Lectin histochemistry (Bandeiraea simplicifolia) ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin (BS-I) stains vascular endothelium in various species. In humans, less than 10% of the specimens studied exhibit a reaction with BS-I. In the present histochemical study, the reactivity of BS-I with placental blood vessels and its correlation with the blood group from mother and newborn child was investigated. Acetone-fixed cryosections of representative tissue segments of human full-term placenta and umbilical cord were stained with BS-I. The staining pattern of tissues from patients with different blood groups was identical, although the reaction of BS-I in the placenta was heterogeneous. BS-I did not react with the umbilical cord. Vascular smooth muscle cells at the insertion site of the umbilical cord into the chorionic plate, and endothelium deeper in the chorionic plate, became progressively stained. The endothelial cells and tunica muscularis of smaller arteries and veins in stem villi lost their reactivity in parallel with decreasing vessel size. Arterioles and venules reacted heterogeneously. Capillaries, trophoblastic basement membranes, especially epithelial plates, and sometimes the syncytiotrophoblast were labelled in several terminal villi. The data indicate that 1) the placenta binds BS-I to fetal endothelium independent of the blood group, 2) cell-surface antigens on placental endothelial cells are expressed heterogeneously and 3) cell-surface glycans are constituted in an organ-specific manner on human endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331361
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of transforming growth factor-α and epidermal growth factor receptor proteins in the human pancreas and digestive tract (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 439-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Transforming growth factor alpha ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Development, ontogenetic ; Digestive tract ; Endocrine cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to localize transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in the developing human gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Immunohistochemical techniques using specific antibodies against human TGF-α and EGFR were performed on digestive tissues of fetuses from 9 to 10 to 24 weeks of gestation, children and adults. In fetuses, TGF-α and EGFR proteins were expressed in all epithelial tissues studied with a good correlation and from an age as early as 9 to 10 weeks of gestation, except for TGF-α in the esophagus. The strongest TGF-α immunostaining was noted in the stomach and the proximal colon. Unexpectedly, immunoreactive gut endocrine cells were observed with the two antibodies used. Relatively numerous in fetuses, they decreased in number with age and were rare in adults particularly along the colon. Enteroglucagon-secreting cells were shown to express TGF-α while some gastrin, somatostatin and pancreatic glucagon cells were immunostained with EGFR antibodies. The presence of TGF-α and of its recetor in digestive tract epithelium and pancreatic tissues early in fetal life suggests a functional role for TGF-α during the developmental process of the digestive system. We demonstrate that TGF-α is also produced by endocrine cells and might have an additional mode of action other than paracrine, at least during fetal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331362
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) immunoreactivity and hormone receptor mRNA in testicular tissue of infertile men (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 595-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: FSH ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptor mRNA ; In situ hybridization ; Sertoli cell ; Testis ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Testicular biopsies from 82 oligo- or azoospermic male patients were subjected to immunostaining using anti-human FSH antibodies. Histological evaluation showed normal spermatogenesis (nspg) in 7 (FSH: 2.7±0.7), mixed atrophy (ma) in 63 (FSH: 5.3±0.5), and bilateral or unilateral Sertoli Cell Only syndrome (SCO) in 12 (FSH:21.7±3.5) patients. For the relationship between FSH values and testicular histology, see Bergmann et al. (1994). FSH immunoreactivity was found exclusively in Sertoli cells and in some interstitial cells. Seminiferous epithelium showing normal or impaired spermatogenesis displayed only weak immunoreactivity compared to intense immunoreaction, i.e. large and numerous vesicles in Sertoli cells of SCO tubules in biopsies showing mixed atrophy or SCO. In addition, h-FSH receptor mRNA was demonstrated by in situ hybridization using biotinylated cDNA antisense oligonucleotides. Hybridization signals were found within the seminiferous epithelium exclusively in Sertoli cell cytoplasm associated with normal spermatogenesis and in epithelia showing different signs of impairment, including SCO. It is concluded that: (1) Sertoli cells are the only cells within the seminiferous epithelium expressing FSH receptors; (2) the accumulation of FSH immunoreactivity in Sertoli cells of SCO tubules appears to be a sign of impaired Sertoli cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050250
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human microvascular endothelial cell-extracellular matrix interaction in cellular growth state determination (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1994), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Microvascular endothelial cells ; Cell ; growth ; Extracellular matrix ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We introduce two methods, both of which are based on cellular-extracellular matrix interaction, which will facilitate the study of human microvascular endothelial cells. One method describes the means to obtain a G1 population baseline in human microvasclular endothelial cells. Because of the contribution of the extracellular matrix in endothelial cell growth, synchronization in G1 was possible only after the incorporation of angiostatic levels of heparin and hydrocortisone into the extracellular matrix. In the second method, we demonstrate that selective perturbation of human microvascular endothelial cell-extracellular matrix interactions results in the induction of a transitional growth state, between proliferative and differentiated growth states, in human microvascular endothelial cells. In the functional, microtubule formation assays, transitional growth state endothelial cells display rates that are indermediate between those obtained from differentiated and proliferative endothelial cells. Our results demonstrate the importance of the human microvascular endothelial cell-extracellular matrix interaction in the determination of cellular growth state. Our findings also imply that responsiveness of microvascular endothelial cells to their cellular-extracellular matrix environs is highest during the differentiated growth state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050259
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outer root sheath (ORS) cells organize into epidermoid cyst-like spheroids when cultured inside Matrigel: a light-microscopic and immunohistological comparison between human ORS cells and interfollicular keratinocytes (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Outer root sheath cells ; Epidermal keratinocytes ; Matrigel ; Epithelial/mesenchyme interactions ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In organotypic cultures, outer root sheath (ORS) cells of the human hair follicle develop into a stratified epithelium largely reminiscent of the epidermis; this apparently reflects their importance during wound healing. In the present study, ORS cells were grown inside a three-dimensional network of extracellular matrix proteins (Matrigel), together with different mesenchymal cells, in an attempt to mimic their follicular environment. Thus, inside Matrigel, ORS cells formed spheroids differentiating toward the center and showing all the markers of epidermal keratinization. Under identical conditions, normal epidermal keratinocytes developed similar spheroids, but of a significantly smaller size. Human dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells, cocultured in the matrix, had a positive influence on both the proliferation and differentiation within both types of spheroids. Epidermal differentiation markers, such as suprabasal keratins, involucrin, filaggrin, gp80 and pemphigoid antigen, were readily expressed in ORS spheroids, whereas hard (hair) keratins were not detectable by immunostaining. Cells positive for an epithelial membrane antigen, strongly expressed in sebaceous glands, were seen in numerous spheroids. In contrast to organotypic “surface” epithelia, the expression and location of different integrin chains was normalized in ORS spheroids, indicating an enhanced mesenchymal influence in this in vitro system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305384
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous histochemical reaction pattern of the lectin Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia with blood vessels of human full-term placenta (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Placenta ; Blood vessels ; Endothelial cells ; Blood groups ; Lectin histochemistry (Bandeiraea ; simplicifolia) ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin (BS-I) stains vascular endothelium in various species. In humans, less than 10% of the specimens studied exhibit a reaction with BS-I. In the present histochemical study, the reactivity of BS-I with placental blood vessels and its correlation with the blood group from mother and newborn child was investigated. Acetone-fixed cryosections of representative tissue segments of human full-term placenta and umbilical cord were stained with BS-I. The staining pattern of tissues from patients with different blood groups was identical, although the reaction of BS-I in the placenta was heterogeneous. BS-I did not react with the umbilical cord. Vascular smooth muscle cells at the insertion site of the umbilical cord into the chorionic plate, and endothelium deeper in the chorionic plate, became progressively stained. The endothelial cells and tunica muscularis of smaller arteries and veins in stem villi lost their reactivity in parallel with decreasing vessel size. Arterioles and venules reacted heterogeneously. Capillaries, trophoblastic basement membranes, especially epithelial plates, and sometimes the syncytiotrophoblast were labelled in several terminal villi. The data indicate that 1) the placenta binds BS-I to fetal endothelium independent of the blood group, 2) cell-surface antigens on placental endothelial cells are expressed heterogeneously and 3) cell-surface glycans are constituted in an organ-specific manner on human endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050233
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of transforming growth factor-α and epidermal growth factor receptor proteins in the human pancreas and digestive tract (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 439-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Transforming growth factor alpha ; Epidermal growth factor receptor ; Development ; ontogenetic ; Digestive tract ; Endocrine cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study was designed to localize transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in the developing human gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Immunohistochemical techniques using specific antibodies against human TGF-α and EGFR were performed on digestive tissues of fetuses from 9 to 10 to 24 weeks of gestation, children and adults. In fetuses, TGF-α and EGFR proteins were expressed in all epithelial tissues studied with a good correlation and from an age as early as 9 to 10 weeks of gestation, except for TGF-α in the esophagus. The strongest TGF-α immunostaining was noted in the stomach and the proximal colon. Unexpectedly, immunoreactive gut endocrine cells were observed with the two antibodies used. Relatively numerous in fetuses, they decreased in number with age and were rare in adults particularly along the colon. Enteroglucagon-secreting cells were shown to express TGF-α, while some gastrin, somatostatin and pancreatic glucagon cells were immunostained with EGFR antibodies. The presence of TGF-α and of its receptor in digestive tract epithelium and pancreatic tissues early in fetal life suggests a functional role for TGF-α during the developmental process of the digestive system. We demonstrate that TGF-α is also produced by endocrine cells and might have an additional mode of action other than paracrine, at least during fetal life.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050234
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of alpha-crystallin subunits in the lens of human and rat embryos (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 151-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eye ; Lens ; Development, ontogenetic ; αA-crystallin ; αB-crystallin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of αA- and αB-crystallin in the developing lens of human (Carnegie stages 13 to 23) and rat embryos (embryonic days E11 to 18) was examined immunohistochemically. In a human embryo at stage 13, the lens placode was already immunoreactive to αB-crystallin, but not to αA-crystallin. At stage 15, the lens vesicle was intensely immunoreactive both to αA- and αB-crystallin. From stages 16 to 23, the lens epithelial cells and fiber cells were immunoreactive to αA- and αB-crystallin. In rat embryos, αA-crystallin appeared in the lens pit at E12, and αB-crystallin appeared in the elongating lens fiber cells at E14. From E15 to E18, the lens epithelial cells and fiber cells were immunoreactive to αA-crystallin. The lens fiber cells were also immunoreactive to αB-crystallin, but the epithelial cells were not. These findings suggest that αB-crystallin appears earlier than αA-crystallin in the human lens, but at a later period than αA-crystallin in the rat lens. αB-Crystallin was not detected in the epithelial cells of the rat lens, but was perisistently present in the epithelial cells of the human lens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354794
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) immunoreactivity and messenger RNA in human pituitary and increased expression in pituitary tumours (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 197-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Tumours ; Peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase-Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridisation ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bioactivity of many peptides depends upon post-translational α-amidation of inactive precursors by two enzyme activities known collectively as peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). PAM enzymes are particularly abundant in the pituitary. The distribution of PAM immunoreactivity and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the adult human pituitary and in pituitary tumours was investigated by use of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation. Immunoreactivity was present in numerous cells of the anterior lobe: staining was intense in a proportion of gonadotrophs and folliculo-stellate cells, but weaker in the majority of somatotrophs and lactotrophs, a few corticotrophs and occasional thyrotrophs. PAM staining was also present in nerves, pituicytes and some endocrine cells within the posterior lobe (the human intermediate zone). Forty pituitary tumours of various types were immunoreactive for PAM; more intensely and uniformly stained than normal anterior lobe. In situ hybridisation with digoxigenin-labelled probes demonstrated intense labelling for PAM mRNA in numerous cells in normal anterior pituitary and in tumours. Many regulatory peptides that require amidation for activity, potential targets for PAM, are present in the pituitary. Many tumour growth factors also require amidation and PAM may regulate these mitogenic peptides in tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354800
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location of PHM/VIP mRNA in human gastrointestinal tract detected by in situ hybridization (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastrointestinal tract ; Prepro-VIP mRNA ; Prepro-VIP-derived peptides ; In situ hybridization ; Northern blots ; Immunocytochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of the gene for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM) in the human gastrointestinal tract was studied by in situ hybridization and Northern blotting for PHM/ VIP mRNA and immunocytochemistry using specific antisera against the bioactive peptides PHM and VIP. In the colon sigmoideum, antisera against all five putative processing products of the VIP precursor (prepro-VIP) were used, namely prepro-VIP 22–79, PHM, prepro-VIP 111–122, VIP and prepro-VIP 156–170. Furthermore, RNA extracted from various regions of the gastrointestinal tract was examined by Northern blots and hybridization to a VIP-cDNA probe. Throughout the gastrointestinal tract, PHM/VIP mRNA was found in neurons only. Using single-or double-staining methods, we demonstrated both PHM/VIP mRNA and the corresponding peptides PHM and VIP in the neurons. In the sigmoideum, the single-staining methods were extended to investigate whether the neurons simultaneously contained PHM/VIP mRNA and each of the five prepro-VIP-derived peptides. Only one major band of PHM/VIP mRNA (1.9 kb) was found by Northern blotting in the tissue of the gastrointestinal tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of calcitonin gene expression in human infant and monkey carotid body chief cells by in situ hybridization (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Calcitonin ; Calcitonin mRNA ; Gene expression ; Oligonucleotide probe ; In situ hybridization ; Human ; Monkey, Macaca fascicularis (Primates)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcitonin mRNA was detected in human and monkey carotid bodies by in situ hybridization histochemistry, using a 35S-labeled oligonucleotide probe for human calcitonin. In both human and monkey carotid body, moderate to high hybridization signal for calcitonin mRNA was observed in all cases. The hybridization signal in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples was comparable to that obtained from frozen paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue. Our observations extend the finding of calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in the carotid body chief cells and indicate that calcitonin is produced in the carotid body, probably in the chief cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306125
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the enteric nervous system of the developing human digestive tract (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nitric oxide ; Nitric oxide synthase ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Enteric nervous system ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated indirectly the presence of nitric oxide in the enteric nervous system of the digestive tract of human fetuses and newborns by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry. In the stomach, NOS immunoactivity was confined to the myenteric plexus and nerve fibres in the outer smooth musculature; few immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were found in ganglia of the outer submucous plexus. In the pyloric region, a few nitrergic perikarya were seen in the inner submucous plexus and some immunoreactive fibres were found in the muscularis mucosae. In the small intestine, nitrergic neurons clustered just underneath or above the topographical plane formed by the primary nerve strands of the myenteric plexus up to the 26th week of gestation, after which stage, they occurred throughout the ganglia. Many of their processes contributed to the dense fine-meshed tertiary nerve network of the myenteric plexus and the circular smooth muscle layer. NOS-immunoreactive fibres directed to the circular smooth muscle layer originated from a few NOS-containing perikarya located in the outer submucous plexus. In the colon, caecum and rectum, labelled nerve cells and fibres were numerous in the myenteric plexus; they were also found in the outer submucous plexus. The circular muscle layer had a much denser NOS-immunoreactive innervation than the longitudinally oriented taenia. The marked morphological differences observed between nitrergic neurons within the developing human gastrointestinal tract, together with the typical innervation pattern in the ganglionic and aganglionic nerve networks, support the existenc of distinct subpopulations of NOS-containing enterice neurons acting as interneurons or (inhibitory) motor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319421
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) immunoreactivity and hormone receptor mRNA in testicular tissue of infertile men (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 595-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FSH ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptor mRNA ; In situ hybridization ; Sertoli cell ; Testis ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Testicular biopsies from 82 oligo-or azoospermic male patients were subjected to immunostaining using anti-human FSH antibodies. Histological evaluation showed normal spermatogenesis (nspg) in 7 (FSH: 2.7±0.7), mixed atrophy (ma) in 63 (FSH:5.3±0.5), and bilateral or unilateral Sertoli Cell Only syndrome (SCO) in 12 (FSH:21.7±3.5) patients. For the relationship between FSH values and testicular histology, see Bergmann et al. (1994). FSH immunoreactivity was found exclusively in Sertoli cells and in some interstitial cells. Seminiferous epithelium showing normal or impaired spermatogenesis displayed only weak immunoreactivity compared to intense immunoreaction, i.e. large and numerous vesicles in Sertoli cells of SCO tubules in biopsies showing mixed atrophy or SCO. In addition, h-FSH receptor mRNA was demonstrated by in situ hydridization using biotinylated cDNA antisense oligonucleotides. Hybridization signals were found within the seminiferous epithelium exclusively in Sertoli cell cytoplasm associated with normal spermatogenesis and in epithelia showing different signs of impairment, including SCO. It is concluded that: (1) Sertoli cells are the only cells within the seminiferous epithelium expressing FSH receptors; (2) the accumulation of FSH immunoreactivity in Sertoli cells of SCO tubules appears to be a sign of impaired Sertoli cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331379
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen- and progesterone receptors in normal cycling endometrium as studied by end-point titration (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 419-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Menstrual cycle ; Estrogen receptor ; Progesterone receptor ; End-point titration ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A thorough knowledge of the normal physiological fluctuations in estrogen-(ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) is essential to characterize the changes in ER and PgR in the abnormal endometrium. We investigated the distribution of ER and PgR in frozen human cycling endometrial tissue using the commercially available ER-and PgR-ICA kits. Two-fold end-point titration (EPT) of ER and PgR antibodies was implemented to semi-quantitate more accurately ER and PgR. Semiquantitation of ER and PgR using EPT was significantly correlated to results obtained using either simple scoring or enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) methods. ER and PgR staining fluctuated in relation to the menstrual cycle. In most subphases PgR exceeded ER in both epithelial and stromal cells. Highest levels of ER and PgR were demonstrated in the glands of the functionalis in mid-to-late proliferative phases, whereas both receptors were almost undetectable by immunohistology in the glands of mid-to-late secretory phases. Endometrial stromal cells had high and nearly constant EPT values for PgR, but low values for ER througout the menstrual cycle. EPT values for ER and PgR were generally higher in the basalis than in the functionalis but showed similar cyclic fluctuations. Our results further substantiate the view that the response to hormonal stimulation is cell-type specific, and suggest differences in steroid metabolism according to cell type and layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343940
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage lesion of human platelets as revealed by ultrathin sections and freeze-fracture replicas (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Platelets ; Storage ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze fracture ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the ultrastructural changes occurring in human platelets during eight days of storage. Extension of pseudopodia is frequently observed, but a concentration of organelles in the centre of the platelets is found only in a minor fraction (∼5%). Striking changes can be observed in both the granules and the open canalicular system. In fresh platelets, the latter often has the form of stacked membranes that have no lumen, but these membranes separate and spread with increasing storage time. However, the openings of this system on the outer surface of the platelet remain unchanged. Some of these features differ from the morphological description of platelets activated by thrombin or ADP, and suggest that the storage lesion is the result of a prolonged weak activation that leads to an incomplete release reaction within the first five days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343945
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Immunohistochemical localization of serine-protease inhibitors in the human placenta (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Placenta ; Protease inhibitors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Proteases and their inhibitors play a pivotal role in developmental and differentiative processes. In the present report we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor in first trimester as well as in term human placentas. For this purpose polyclonal antibodies against these serine-protease inhibitors were used. All inhibitors were expressed in the villous syncytiotrophoblast of first and last trimester placentas. Placental fibrinoid was positively stained for α1-antitrypsin and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor throughout gestation. α1-Antitrypsin and α1-antichymotrypsin showed a strong immunostaining in the Hofbauer cells (first trimester and full term placentas). Extravillous cytotrophoblast was negative for the three protease inhibitors throughout gestation. The presence of the three inhibitors in the syncytiotrophoblast suggests a role in coagulative, invasive and immunomodulatory processes. Fibrinoid, staining for α1-antitrypsin and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor, could also have an important immunoprotective function. The presence of protease inhibitors in the Hofbauer cells suggests an involvement of these cells in villous remodelling and differentiative processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414172
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophages within the human adrenal gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Macrophages ; Adrenal cortex ; Chromaffin cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. There is increasing evidence for an immune-adrenal interaction in which macrophages may play an important role. However, few data are available with respect to a human intra-adrenal macrophage system. In this study, we have investigated the density, distribution and phenotype of human adrenal macrophages using monoclonal antibodies. Macrophages are localized in all zones of the adrenal gland. These cells exhibit the phenotype of the phagocytotic macrophage compartment (CD11c+, KiM8+). At the ultrastructural level, macrophages are frequently attached to the endothelial wall, but also lie in direct contact with cortical and chromaffin cells. This investigation reveals the cellular basis for the possible role of macrophages in the local immune-neuroendocrine axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414161
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophages within the human adrenal gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 278 (1994), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Macrophages ; Adrenal cortex ; Chromaffin cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is increasing evidence for an immune-adrenal interaction in which macrophages may play an important role. However, few data are available with respect to a human intra-adrenal macrophage system. In this study, we have investigated the density, distribution and phenotype of human adrenal macrophages using monoclonal antibodies. Macrophages are localized in all zones of the adrenal gland. These cells exhibit the phenotype of the phagocytotic macrophage compartment (CD11c+, KiM8+). At the ultrastructural level, macrophages are frequently attached to the endothelial wall, but also lie in direct contact with cortical and chromaffin cells. This investigation reveals the cellular basis for the possible role of macrophages in the local immune-neuroendocrine axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414161
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