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  • Articles  (12)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (12)
  • Articles and Proceedings (GFZpublic)
  • nitrate  (12)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (12)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1987  (12)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (12)
  • History
Collection
  • Articles  (12)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (12)
  • Articles and Proceedings (GFZpublic)
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (12)
  • 1950-1954
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency distributions and spatially dependent variability of ammonium and nitrate concentrations in soil under grazed and ungrazed grassland (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 11 (1987), S. 193-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: ammonium ; fertilizer ; grazing ; lognormal ; nitrate ; spatial dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The frequency distributions of soil NO 3 - and NH 4 + concentrations under grazed and ungrazed grassland were found to be lognormal, irrespective of time of year or soil depth. The variance and skewness of the sample values increased with stocking density and use of N fertilizer. An analysis of the spatial dependence of the variability using the semivariogram showed a high ‘nugget’ variance, even when three sample values from each sampling point were averaged. Most of the variance was therefore short-range (occurring within a distance of 0.4 m), suggesting that the sample volume for soil mineral N measurement should be as large as is practicably possible. As an estimate of the average mineral N content, the geometric mean of the sample values consistently underestimated the true arithmetic mean of the population from which the same was drawn. The conventional estimate of the arithmetic mean for lognormally distributed samples values was satisfactory when the sample number was 〉 50 and the (log) variance 〈 0.75 (µg N cm−3). However, for data with larger variances, high coefficients of skewness and fewer observations, Sichel's estimator was a more efficient measure of the true population mean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063317
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of a high level of N, applied at planting, on nodulation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by diverse strains of Bradyrhizobium (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Glycine max ; nitrate ; nitrogen fixation ; nodule number ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The capabilities of 36 diverse strains of bradyrhizobia to nodulate the soybean cv. Wilkin were determined in pots using starter-N levels of 0 and 51 mM (KNO3). At 21 days after planting, the strains showed a broad range of nodule number per plant. Nodulation was totally suppressed by N only in a group of strains which also formed relatively few nodules under N-free conditions. When plants were grown until 42 days, these strains continued to be poorly infective under N-free conditions, whereas their nodulation was greatly improved by the high-N treatment (N became limiting at between 21 and 42 days in the high-N treatment). We conclude that optimization of plant growth potential, by application of N, is important when determining strain infectivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370714
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic balance, proton efflux, nitrate reductase activity and growth ofHippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp.rhamnoides as influenced by combined-N nutrition or N2 fixation (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 169-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonium ; Hippophaë rhamnoides ; hydroxyl-ion efflux ; ionic balance ; ion uptake ; nitrogen fixation ; nitrate ; nitrate reductase activity ; proton efflux ; rhizosphere pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Growth of 2-month-old nonnodulatedHippophaë rhamnoides seedlings supplied with combined N was compared with that of nodulated seedlings grown on zero N. Plant growth was significantly better with combined N than with N2 fixation and, although not statistically significant for individual harvests, tended to be highest in the presence of NH 4 + , a mixture of NH 4 + and NO 3 − producing the highest yields. Growth was severely reduced when solely dependent on N2 fixation and, unlike the combined-N plants, shoot to root ratios had only slightly increased after an initial decrease. An apparently insufficient nodule mass (nodule weight ratio 〈5 per cent) during the greater part of the experimental period is suggested as the main cause of the growth reduction in N2-fixing plants. Thein vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of NO 3 − dependent plants was almost entirely located in the roots. However, when grown with a combination of NO 3 − and NH 4 + , root NRA was decreased by approximately 85 per cent.H. rhamnoides demonstrated in the mixed supply a strong preference for uptake of N as NH 4 + , NO 3 − contributing only for approximately 20 per cent to the total N assimilation. Specific rates of N acquisition and ion uptake were generally highest in NO 3 − +NH 4 + plants. The generation of organic anions per unit total plant dry weight was approximately 40 per cent less in the NH 4 + plants than in the NO 3 − plants. Measured extrusions of H+ or OH− (HCO 3 − ) were generally in good agreement with calculated values on the basis of plant composition, and the acidity generated with N2 fixation amounted to 0.45–0.55 meq H+. (mmol Norg)−1. Without acidity control and in the presence of NH 4 + , specific rates of ion uptake and carboxylate generation were strongly depressed and growth was reduced by 30–35 per cent. Growth of nonnodulatedH. rhamnoides plants ceased at the lower pH limit of 3.1–3.2 and deterioration set in; in the case of N2-fixing plants the nutrient solution pH stabilized at a value of 3.8–3.9 without any apparent adverse effects upon plant performance. The chemical composition of experimental and field-growing plants is being compared and some comments are made on the nitrogen supply characteristics of their natural sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370386
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ammonium and nitrate nutrition inPlantago lanceolata andPlantago major L. ssp.major (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 129-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alternative path respiration ; ammonium ; ionic balance ; nitrate ; nitrate reductase ; Plantago ; root respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract P. lanceolata andP. major were grown in culture solutions with nitrate or ammonium as the nitrogen source. Dry matter accumulation in the shoot was faster with nitrate than with ammonium, whilst that of the roots was not affected by the nitrogen source. As a consequence, the shoot-to-root ratio was lower with ammonium than with nitrate. InP. lanceolata, dry matter percentage of shoot and root tissue was lower with nitrate nutrition, suggesting better elongation growth than with ammonium. However, in shoot tissue ofP. major the opposite was found. The rate of root respiration declined with time, and this was almost completely due to a declining activity of the alternative path, which amounted to about 30–60% of total root respiration. Respiration via the cytochrome path was for a part of time slightly increased by ammonium, whereas the activity of the alternative path was strongly enhanced. The concentration of ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (SC) in the roots of both species was higher when nitrate was used, but no difference in the concentration of starch was found. When the plants were transferred from one nitrogen source to the other, many parameters, including the concentration of nitrate and chloride, and the shoot to root ratio, adjusted to the new situation in both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370635
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypical differences in nitrate content inLactuca sativa L. and related species and correlation with dry matter content (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lactuca spp. ; Lactuca sativa ; lettuce ; nitrate ; dry matter content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrate content was measured in 135 genotypes of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and 21 genotypes of wildLactuca spp. grown in two experiments. In Experiment 1 plants were grown on nutrient film. In Experiment 2 plants were grown in large pots of potting soil. Within cultivated lettuce five plant types were distinguished and within each of them genotypes were found with low nitrate content. The coefficient of variation in the experiment with plants growing in large pots was not larger than in the experiment with plants growing on nutrient film. In butterhead genotypes nitrate content was negatively correlated with dry matter content and positively with plant fresh weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730642
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal patterns of growth and nitrogen fixation in field-grown pea (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: assimilate partitioning ; growth analysis ; leaf area ; nitrate ; nitrogen fixation ; 15N isotope dilution ; pea ; Pisum sativum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal patterns of growth and symbiotic N2 fixation under field conditions were studied by growth analysis and use of15N-labelled fertilizer in a determinate pea cultivar (Pisum sativum L.) grown for harvest at the dry seed stage. The patterns of fertilizer N-uptake were almost identical in pea and barley (the non-fixing reference crop), but more fertilizer-N was recovered in barley than in pea. The estimated rate of N2 fixation in pea gradually increased during the pre-flowering and flowering growth stages and reached a maximum of 10 kg N fixed per ha per day nine to ten weeks after seedling emergence. This was the time of early pod-development (flat pod growth stage) and also the time for maximum crop growth rate and maximum green leaf area index. A steep drop in N2 fixation rate occurred during the following week. This drop was simultaneous with lodging of the crop, pod-filling (round pod growth stage) and the initiation of mobilization of nitrogen from vegetative organs. The application of fertilizer-N inhibited the rate of N2 fixation only during that period of growth, when the main part of fertilizer-N was taken up and shortly after. Total accumulation of fixed nitrogen was estimated to be 244, 238 and 213 kg N ha−1 in pea supplied with nil, 25 or 50 kg NO 3 − −N ha−1, respectively. About one-fourth of total N2 fixation was carried out during preflowering, one fourth during the two weeks of flowering and the remainder during post-flowering. About 55% of the amount of N present in pods at maturity was estimated to be derived from mobilization of N from vegetative organs. “Starter” N (25 or 50 kg NO 3 − −N ha−1) did not significantly influence either dry matter and nitrogen accumulation or the development of leaf area. Neither root length and root biomass determined 8 weeks after seedling emergence nor the yield of seed dry matter and nitrogen at maturity were influenced by fertilizer application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371027
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of carbon and nitrate additions to soil upon leaching of nitrate, microbial predators and nitrogen uptake by plants (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: leaching losses ; microbial predation ; nitrate ; nitrogen mineralisation ; nitrogen uptake ; protozoa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Amendments with glucose significantly reduced the amount of nitrate leached from a sandy soil amended with nitrate. The decrease was most likely caused by immobilisation of the nitrate into microbial cells. Populations of ciliates and flagellates and amoebae, but not nematodes, increased 7–14 days following glucose amendments. Mineralisation of the immobilised nitrate occurred during this period. Some of the mineralised nitrogen appeared to be available to ryegrass plants only if the roots exploited most of the soil during the period of maximum predator activity. After 28 days, 44% of the organic N remaining in the soil after leaching was taken up by the plants. The difference developed over the last 2 weeks when amoebal populations were large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370708
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micronutrients and nitrogen metabolism (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 103 (1987), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonium ; assimilation ; maize ; micronutrients ; nitrate ; nitrogen ; metabolism ; protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A sand-culture experiment was conducted to study the influence of a deficiency of and an excess of micronutrients on the uptake and assimilation of NH 4 + and NO 3 − ions by maize. By studying the fate of15N supplied as15NH4NO3 or NH4 15NO3, it was demonstrated that in maize plants NH4−N was absorbed in preference to NO 3 − −N. The uptake and distribution of N originating from both NH 4 + and NO 3 − was considerably modified by deficiency of, or an excess of, micronutrients in the growth medium. The translocation of NH 4 + −N from roots to shoots was relatively less than that of NO 3 − −N. Deficiency as well as excessive amounts of micronutrients, in the growth medium, substantially reduced the translocation of absorbed N into protein. This effect was more pronounced in the case of N supplied as NO 3 − . Amino-N was the predominant non-protein fraction in which N from both NH 4 + and NO 3 − tended to accumulate. The next important non-protein fractions were NO 3 − −N when N was supplied as NO 3 − and amide-N when NH 4 + was the source. The relative accumulation of15N into different protein fractions was also a function of imposed micronutrient levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370667
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient export by leaching and whole-tree harvesting in a loblolly pine and mixed oak forest (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acid deposition ; calcium budgets ; carbonic acid ; nitrate ; sulfate ; whole-tree harvesting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The combined effects of whole-tree harvesting (WTH) and soil leaching by both acid deposition and naturally-produced carbonic acid were evaluated in a mixed oak and a loblolly pine forest growing on similar soils in the Ridge and Valley province of eastern Tennessee. It was hypothesized that nutrient export via WTH would be greater in a mixed oak stand than in the loblolly pine stand because of greater nutrient concentrations in oak and hickory species than in pine. This hypothesis was true for N,P, and particularly Ca at the time of harvest, but not for K or Mg. When expressed on an annual basis, exports of N,P,K, and Mg were greater in the loblolly pine site and only Ca export was greater in the mixed oak site. It was also hypothesized that the large accumulation of Ca in the oak and hickory vegetation would cause lower exchangeable Ca2+ in soils, and, consequently, lower Ca2+ leaching in the mixed oak site than in the loblolly pine site. This hypothesis was supported by the data, which indicated 340–370% more exchangeable Ca and 100% more Ca2+ leaching in the loblolly pine site than in the mixed oak site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370907
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microcomputer method for continuous measurement, recording and control of ion activity during nitrate uptake byLolium perenne (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 119-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ion activity ; Lolium prenne ; microcomputer ; nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A microprocessor controlled apparatus is described which can measure, control and record nitrate uptake byLolium perenne in nutrient solution, comparing seven selection lines in duplicate. Nutrient solution flowed at 1 min−1, and linear response was found from 10−1 to 10−4 M NO 3 − . Uptake rates for Lolium were between 10−5 and 10−4 M NO 3 − , plant−1, h−1, which agreed with previous, manually determined, rates, ‘Overshoot’ in nitrate dosing, which was a problem with manual systems, was eliminated. Nitrate concentration was controlled (±3%) in modified Hoagland’s solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370910
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ nitrate reductase activity as an indicator of nitrate availability (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 102 (1987), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: barley ; fertilizer ; nitrate ; nitrate reductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of external nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution on nitrate reduction by 7-day-old barley seedlings was investigated using anin situ nitrate reductase activity (NRA) assay, performed with or without exogenous nitrate during the incubation. The difference between plus and minus nitrate NRA of the leaves related to plus nitrate NRA decreased with increasing nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution. Furthermore, the root contribution to the whole plant NRA became predominant at low external nitrate levels. It is proposed that plus and minus nitrate NRA should be used together as an indicator of nitrate availability in the medium and of root contribution to whole plant nitrate reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370917
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield and content in nitrates, minerals and ascorbic acid of leeks and turnips grown under mineral or organic nitrogen fertilizations (1987)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 37 (1987), S. 321-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: mineral fertilizers ; composts ; leek ; turnip ; nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of mineral NPK fertilizers and organic fertilizers such as manure compost, woodchip compost and blood meal on the yields and the nutritive value of leeks and turnips were compared. Fertilizers were applied on the two crops grown successively in 200-1 containers. Mineral fertilizers, manure compost and blood meal provided equivalent vegetable yields. Contents in dry matter, ascorbic acid and minerals of leeks and turnips were not strongly affected by the different fertilization regimes. The nitrate content of both crops was significantly lower under the application of manure compost and woodchip compost, while mineral fertilizers and blood meal induced similar, higher nitrate levels. The present work thus provides new data showing the usefulness of composts in growing vegetables with low nitrate contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092208
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