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  • Articles  (13)
  • Other Sources  (11,578)
  • NASA Technical Reports  (11,578)
  • Articles and Proceedings (GFZpublic)  (13)
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  • 1970-1974  (11,591)
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  • 1
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    Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
    In:  Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Special Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 2
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2021-01-29
    Language: German
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  • 3
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    Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In der vorliegenden Abhandlung werden die an verschiedenen Orten in den vergangenen 13 Jahren vom Autor veröffentl1chten Arbeiten zur Lösung der Bandwertaufgabe der physikalischen Geodäsie nach dem gravimetrischen Zusatzglied zusammengefaßt. Zunächst wird das Bandwertproblem allgemein betrachtet. Als Bandwerte werden das Potential und seine Normalableitung eingeführt, und es wird gezeigt, daß daraus die Geometrie der Bandfläche eindeutig bestimmt werden kann. Geeignete Umformungen des GREENschen Satzes führen zu einer Formel zur Bestimmung der Lotabweichungen an der Erdobertläche einschließlich der Glieder zweiter und höherer Ordnung, die sich von der klassischen Lösung von VENING-MEINESZ u.a. dadurch unterscheidet, daß zu den Freiluftanomalien das gravimetrische Zusatzglied addiert wird. Für dieses Zusatzglied wird eine Integralgleichung angegeben. Diese wird in eine NEUMANNsche Reihe entwickelt. Die Konvergenz dieser Reihe wird gezeigt. Duroh Superposition des Störpotentials mit den Potentialen der isostatischen und der BOUGUER-Massen wird man zu einer Verallgemeinerung der Ergebnisse geführt und zu Formeln, bei denen die Geländereduktion auftritt und die für praktische Anwendungen besonders geeignet sind. Durch Integration kommt man von den Lotabweichungen zu den Höhenanomalien und Geoidundulationen. Die erhaltenen Lösungen werden an praktischen Beispielen und Geländemodellen erläutert und erprobt.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Das Bandwertproblem der physikalischen Geodäsie und seine Eindeutigkeit 3. Die Umformung des GREENschen Satzes für die Bestimmung der Lotabweichungen an der Erdoberfläche nach dem gravimetrischen Zusatzglied 4. Die Integralgleichung für das gravimetrische Zusatzglied 5. Die Formeln für die Bestimmung der Lotabweichungen an der Erdoberfläche nach dem gravimetrischen Zusatzglied 6. Numerische Beispiele für die Berechnung der Lotabweichungen 7. Die Bestimmung der Lotabweichungen an der Erdoberfläche nach Addition der isostatisohen oder der Geländereduktion zu den Freiluftanomalien 8. Die Bestimmung der Höhenanomalien und der Geoidundulationen nach dem gravimetrischen Zusatzglied 9. Die Höhenanomalien naoh der Integralgleichung von MOLODENSKY 10. Die Bestimmung des Geoids naoh der Methode von BJERHAMMAR Literatur
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    The Ohio State University, Department of Geodetic Science
    In:  Reports of the Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Abstract : The report develops working equations for carrying out the combination of gravimetric and satellite data starting from the equations of Moritz, and using the principles of the usual least squares adjustment and the least squares collocation. Of the two methods of combining data considered, one could not be carried out because of the need to invert a 1654 x 1654 full matrix. Numerical tests were conducted through the estimation of ten sets of potential coefficients complete to degree 20 plus certain resonance coefficients which have been derived starting from the GEM 3 potential coefficients and a 5 degree equal area block anomaly field. The solutions differ in two ways: first, the weighting applied to the a priori known potential coefficients, and second whether the usual least squares or collocation adjustment scheme is used for the estimation of the potential coefficients. To determine a best overall set of potential coefficients, comparisons have been made with astro-geodetic undulations (4196 values in Australia and the United States); with 5 degree anomalies; with anomaly degree variances, and by use of the coefficient sets in orbit fitting and prediction. Such comparisons indicate that collocation derived potential coefficients yield better values than those found using the usual least squares approach. A recommended set of potential coefficients and a consistent 5 degree equal area block anomaly field are given. (Author)
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  • 5
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    Zentralinstitut für Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Zur Prüfung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Meridiankreises von Pistor & Martins (189/2640 mm) werden Zapfen, Teilkreis, Mikrometer und Libellen untersucht und umfangreiche Reihenbeobachtungen von Fundamentalsternen durchgeführt. Die Untersuchung der Zapfen erfolgt mit Fühlhebel und elektrischer Pendellibelle (Talyvel). Die Messung in zwei Positionswinkeln erweist sich als vorteilhaft. Zur Bestimmung der Zapfenfehler wird ein modifiziertes Berechnungsverfahren angewendet, das auf rationellem Wege zu einer strengen Problemlösung führt. Der Teilkreis wird im eingebauten Zustand nach der BRUNSschen Rosettenmethode unter Verwendung zweier die Hilfswinkel reproduzierender Pendellibellen untersucht. Lang- und kurzperiodische Teilfehler liegen in der Größenordnung von ±0“,4; der mittlere zufällige Teilfehler beträgt ±0“,13. Die praktischen Beobachtungsergebnisse stellen das mit photographischer Teilkreis-Registrierung arbeitende Instrument bezüglich des qualitativen Leistungsvermögens in die Reihe der besten Meridiankreise. Aus Nacht-zu-Nacht-Vergleichen ergeben sich die mittleren Fehler der Einzelbeobachtung zu m_∝ cos⁡δ = ±0(s,)013 und m_δ = ±0“,21.
    Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Beschreibung des Instruments 2.1. Historischer Abriß 2.2. Daten und Zustand des Instruments 3. Die Untersuchung des Mikrometers 3.1. Der fortschreitende Fehler der Rektaszensionsschraube 3.2. Periodische Fehler der Rektaszensionsschraube 3.3. Periodische Fehler der Deklinationsschraube 3.4. Prüfung der Abhängigkeit der Mikrometerablesungen von der Schwerkraftrichtung 3.5. Zusammenfassung 4. Prüfung der Libellen 5. Die Untersuchung der Zapfen 5.1. Allgemeines 5.2. Die Meßanordnung 5.3. Darstellung der Meßreihen 5.4. Berechnung der Zapfenfehler 5.4.1. Allgemeines 5.4.2. Grundschwingungen in den Meßwerten 5.4.3. Berechnungsergebnisse 5.4.4. Einfluß der Zapfenfehler auf die Durchgangsbeobachtungen 5.5. Bemerkungen zur Zapfenuntersuchung 6. Untersuchung des Teilkreises 6.1. Vorbemerkungen 6.2. Erfassung und Genauigkeit der Teilkreisablesungen 6.3. Die Bestimmung einiger ausgewählter Durchmesserkorrektionen 6.3.1. Die BRUNSsche Rosettenmethode 6.3.2. Durchführung der Untersuchung 6.3.3. Untersuchung der elektrischen Pendellibellen 6.3.4. Bemerkungen und Ergebnisse zur Kreisuntersuchung nach BRUNS 6.4. Der kurzperiodische Teilungsfehler 6.5. Kreisexzentrizität 6.6. Kontrollmessung 7. Beobachtungen am Meridiankreis 7.1. Durchgangsbeobachtungen 7.1.1. Reduktion der Beobachtungen 7.1.2. Gewichte der Fehlergleichungen 7.1.3. Der Einfluß der Zapfenfehler 7.1.4. Beobachtungsergebnisse 7.2. Deklinationsbeobachtungen 7.2.1. Auswertung der Beobachtungen und Ergebnisse 7.3. Die Koordinaten des Meridiankreises 7.4. Stabilität von Aufstellung und Instrumentalgrößen 8. Zusammenfassung und Schlußfolgerungen Literatur
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 7
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-12-21
    Description: Der vorliegende Festband steht unter dem Rahmenthema "Stockwerkbau und Felderteilung - Beiträge zur paläodynamischen und stofflichen Entwicklung der Erdkruste". Er ist dem 25. Jahrestag der am 12.9.1946 erfolgten Gründung des ehemaligen Geotektonischen Instituts und dem Gedenken an die Akademiemitglieder Hans Stille und Serge von Bubnoff gewidmet. Einleitend werden Aufgaben und Entwicklungstendenzen des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR dargelegt. Es folgen Beiträge zu allgemeinen Fragen der Geotektonik wie dem Problem der Gleichzeitigkeit tektonischer Ereignisse im weltweiten Maßstab oder der heutigen Situation und den Aufgaben der Geotektonik. Die Mehrzahl der Aufsätze beschäftigt sich mit der paläotektonischen und stofflichen Entwicklung des Tafeldeckgebirges, des Molassestockwerks oder des Grundgebirgsstockwerks in verschiedenen regionalen Krusteneinheiten. Weitere Beiträge behandeln Fragen der regionalen Geophysik und der Tektonik von Lineamentzonen. Insgesamt wird der Versuch unternommen, einen Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsgebiete zu geben und damit Entwicklungstendenzen aufzuzeigen, die die Geotektonik zu einem integrierenden Bestandteil der Krustenforschung machen und zugleich das theoretische Gerüst der Lagerstättenforschung mitformen.
    Description: This Jubilee Volume is published under the general title "Stockwerk structure and areal division - contributions to the palaeodynamic and material development of the earth's crust". It is dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the former Geotectonical Institute, established on Sept. 12th, 1946, and to the memory of the academicians Hans Stille and Serge von Bubnoff. An Introductory note explains the development and the tasks of the Central Earth Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of G.D.R. The following papers are concerned with general problems of geotectonics, such as the problem of simultaneity of tectonical events on a world-wide scale, as well as with the present situation and tasks of geotectonics. The majority of the papers attends to the palaeotectonical and material development of the platform cover, the molasse stockwerk or the basement stockwerk within various regional crustal units. Other papers deal with problems of regional geophysics and the tectonics of lineament zones. Altogether, an attempt is made to give a review of actual fields of research, thus indicating trends in the development which make geotectonics an integral part of crustal research and simultaneously contribute to establishing the theoretical framework of research for mineral deposits.
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die praktischen Aspekte des Prinzips der Approximation topozentrischer Satellitenbahnen durch Kleinkreise theoretisch vertieft und zu einer technologischen Reife geführt. Die theoretischen und praktischen Grundlagen der Beobachtungstechnik für Satellitenbeobachtungsgeräte der 2. Generation werdem erarbeitet und bei der Erprobung des gegenwärtig modernsten Geräts dieser Art, des SBG, experimentell bestätigt.
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2021-01-29
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2021-01-29
    Language: German
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  • 11
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2021-01-29
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2021-01-29
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Zentralinstitut Physik der Erde
    In:  Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts Physik der Erde
    Publication Date: 2021-01-29
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: A comparison of selected nondestructive evaluation methods is presented. The properties sensed, type of flaws detected, and application for each nondestructive test are shown.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 1-6
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  • 15
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Eddy-current inspection is discussed as a method for locating subsurface flaws in electrically conductive materials. The physical principles and electrical circuitry are described along with the test equipment.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 101-117
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  • 16
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Radiography is discussed as a method for nondestructive evaluation of internal flaws of solids. Gamma ray and X-ray equipment are described along with radiographic film, radiograph interpretation, and neutron radiography.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 63-99
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  • 17
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Brief accounts are included of three nondestructive evaluation methods that have been introduced within the past few years: (1) acoustic emission, (2) the use of coherent (laser) light, and (3) ultrasonic holography.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 263-269
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  • 18
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Leak-testing methods for gas and liquid systems are described. The physical principles of molecular, liquid, and gas flow; relations of leak-testing methods and instrumentation; and tracer gases used in testing vacuum systems are discussed.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 195-224
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  • 19
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The three most generally used practical methods of strain sensing are discussed. These methods are brittle coatings, photoelastic coatings, and resistance strain gages. The physical principles of each method are reviewed.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 225-261
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  • 20
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Ultrasonic testing is discussed as a primary means of nondestructive evaluation of subsurface flaws. The advantages and disadvantages are listed. The elementary principles, basic components of test units, scan modes, resonance testing, detection of fatigue cracks, monitoring fatigue crack growth, and determination of residual stress are discussed.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, GENERAL
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 27-62
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  • 21
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Liquid-penetrant inspection is discussed for surface defects in solids. The principle advantages are considered to be its simplicity and economy. The techniques and penetrants are described along with the developers. Commercially available equipment is also described.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 7-26
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  • 22
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Magnetic techniques are described for the nondestructive evaluation of defects in materials. The physical principles, and the magnetic-particle method are discussed along with magnetic-hysteresis measurements and electric current perturbations.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 165-194
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2011-11-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Archiv fur Mikrobiologie (ISSN 0003-9276); Volume 93; 1; 23-8
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  • 24
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The source availability of FCC and/or FCC connectors was surveyed. The results for the following areas are presented: (1) cost of FCC versus standard round cable, (2) qualification status, (3) size of wire available in FCC, (4) availability of hermetic connectors for FCC, (5) conversion from flat cable to round cable and visa versa, (6) availability of shielded flat cable for RF usage, (7) termination techniques, and (8) repair techniques.
    Keywords: ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Flat Conductor Cable Symp.; 5 p
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The magnetic field and field gradient requirements for magnetic suspension in a Mach 3, 6-in. diameter wind tunnel are stated, along with the power requirements for gradient coil pairs wound of copper operating at room temperature and aluminum cooled to 20 K. The power dissipated is large enough that the use of superconductivity in the coil design becomes an attractive alternative. The problems of stability and ac losses are outlined along with the properties of stabilized superconductors. A brief review of a simplified version of the critical state model of C. P. Bean is presented, and the problems involved in calculations of the ac losses in superconducting coils are outlined. A summary of ac loss data taken on pancake coils wound of commercially available Nb3Sn partially stabilized tape is presented and shown as leading to the U.Va. gradient coil design. The actual coil performance is compared with predictions based on the BNL results. Finally, some remarks are presented concerning scaling of the ac losses to larger magnetic suspension systems as well as prospects for improved performance using newer multifilament superconductors.
    Keywords: PHYSICS, SOLID-STATE
    Type: Develop. of a Superconducting Electromagnetic Suspension and Balance System for Dyn. Stability Studies; 15 p
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  • 26
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The physical correlations of hearing, i.e. the acoustic stimuli, are reported. The auditory system, consisting of external ear, middle ear, inner ear, organ of Corti, basilar membrane, hair cells, inner hair cells, outer hair cells, innervation of hair cells, and transducer mechanisms, is discussed. Both conductive and sensorineural hearing losses are also examined.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 667-691
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  • 27
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Oxygen toxicity is examined, including the effects of oxygen partial pressure variations on toxicity and oxygen effects on ozone and nitrogen dioxide toxicity. Toxicity of fuels and oxidizers, such as hydrazines, are reported. Carbon monoxide, spacecraft threshold limit values, emergency exposure limits, spacecraft contaminants, and water quality standards for space missions are briefly summarized.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 455-487
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  • 28
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Impact, emergency escape and crash survival protection are studied. Accleration, the G system of units, data interpretation, and human tolerance limits are summarized, along with physiological and biochemical response to impact. Biomechanical factors of impact are also cited.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 221-295
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A retrospective look at the operation and results of the experiment is presented. The design and performance of the infrared interferometer spectrometer are discussed along with the results obtained concerning the atmospheric and surface properties.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 41-52
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Mission planning, payloads, launch, and orbital insertion are described for Mariner mission 8 and 9. Mission sequences and planet coverage as a function of time in orbit are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 1-11
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  • 31
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Human energy is discussed in terms of the whole man. The physical work a man does, the heat he produces, and the quantity of oxygen he takes from the air to combine with food, the fuel source of his energy, are described. The daily energy exchange, work and heat dissipation, oxygen costs of specific activities, anaerobic work, and working in space suits are summarized.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 847-879
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  • 32
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The capabilities and limitations of man as an element in a closed loop control system under normal environmental conditions are described. Controller characteristics are enumerated, using manual control, quasilinear models, pilot opinion and ratings, compensatory tracking, optimum control models, motion cues, multiple input tracking, multiple loop tracking, transmission delays, and adaptive manual control. Various controls, manipulators, and displays are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 751-806
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  • 33
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Noise and blast environments are described, providing a definition of units and techniques of noise measurement and giving representative booster-launch and spacecraft noise data. The effects of noise on hearing sensitivity and performance are reviewed, and community response to noise exposure is discussed. Physiological, or nonauditory, effects of noise exposure are also treated, as are design criteria and methods for minimizing the noise effects of hearing sensitivity and communications. The low level sound detection and speech reception are included, along with subjective and behavioral responses to noise.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 693-750
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  • 34
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Rotary acceleration is found to be a manifestation of angular acceleration, and is always present during steady state spinning or tumbling, even when the angular velocity is constant. Subjective reactions and tolerances, performance, physiological effects, and pathological effects are reviewed for rotary acceleration. Thresholds for stimulation perception by angular acceleration in man are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 191-219
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  • 35
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Properties of elements and compounds are considered which make up or may be added to a gaseous environment suitable for humans. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are emphasized; nitrogen and the noble gases are also cited. Other gaseous compounds, such as carbon monoxide, methane, and sulfur hexafluoride, are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 35-63
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  • 36
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The subjective effects of sustained acceleration are discussed, including positive, negative, forward, backward, and lateral acceleration effects. Physiological effects, such as retinal and visual response, unconsciousness and cerebral function, pulmonary response, and renal output, are studied. Human tolerance and performance under sustained acceleration are ascertained.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 149-190
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Atmospheric processes on Mars are reported based on atmospheric observations from Mariner 9. Topics discussed include: atmospheric temperature and wind, cloud processes, minor constituents, global dust storm, and surface pressure distribution.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 99-104
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  • 38
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    Description: The physical behavior of water and carbon dioxide on Mars was studied. Topics discussed include: physics of polar frosts, CO2 budget, atmospheric minor constituents, chemical and physical properties of surface materials, layered deposits, and the role of volatiles in the Martian landscape formation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 87-97
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  • 39
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    Description: The objectives of the Mars surface properties working group are described. The objectives were: (1) determine a simple reference surface that would adequately represent the shape of the planet for cartographic purposes; (2) monitor the topographic results and to assess the relative calibration and accuracies of these techniques, thereby leading to a composite topographic map of the planet; and (3) facilitate the exchange of data in closely connected disciplines. The shape, topography, and isobaric surface are discussed along with the gravity field, and crustal density model. It was found that there is no simple reference figure for the planetary surface, although an offset, triaxial ellipsoid is adequate for most purposes.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 81-85
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The fixed and variable Martian features investigated by the TV experiment on Mariner 9 are described. Articles are presented concerning the dust storm of October to November over the Southern Hemisphere; global surface geodesy and cartography; geology; and the satellite astronomy.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 63-70
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The original scientific objectives and the achieved results are discussed. The upper atmosphere was found to have a variable temperature, with a mean exospheric temperature of 325 K; composed predominantley of CO2. Measurements of hydrogen and ozone are analyzed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 53-61
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  • 42
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Tolerance levels, physiological effects, and performance degradation during simultaneous or sequential exposures to two environmental stresses, and also three or more simultaneous stresses are described. Environmental stress combinations are characterized by four descriptors: order of occurrence, duration of exposure, severity of exposure, and type of interaction. Combined stress data and facilities for combined stress study are briefly mentioned.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 881-914
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  • 43
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The end organs, central nervous system connections, and static and dynamic characteristics of the vestibular system are presented. Vestibular servation in man and vestibular side effect prevention from space missions involving artificial gravity generation are also considered. Vestibular models and design criteria for rotating space vehicles are appended.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 533-609
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  • 44
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The problems in human comfort in heat stress are emphasized, with less emphasis placed upon cold exposure problems. Physiological parameters related to human thermal interactions are discussed, as well as data concerning thermal protective clothing. The energy balance equation, heat transfer equation, thermal comfort, heat stress, and cold stress are also considered. A two node model of human temperature regulation in FORTRAN is appended.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 65-148
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The objectives of the experiment are discussed. These objectives were: (1) measure the thermophysical properties of the Martian surface on a global scale; (2) isolate large-scale irregularities in the global picture; and (3) isolate small-scale hot or cold spots on the surface.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 37-40
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The efforts and accomplishments of the CME Team are summarized. The objectives and experiment status, gravity field of Mars, test of general relativity, and the generation of normal points are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Mariner Mars 1971 Proj., Vol. 5; p 13-31
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: An investigation was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using superconducting force-producing coils for positioning a model in a wind tunnel. The cryostat containing the forcing coils surrounded the test section of the tunnel, thus favoring an electromagnetic position sensor. Another reason favoring this choice was the fact that the performance of an electromagnetic sensor is essentially unaffected by the shape of the model.
    Keywords: FACILITIES, RESEARCH, AND SUPPORT
    Type: Develop. of a Superconducting Electromagnetic Suspension and Balance System for Dyn. Stability Studies; 4 p
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Safety procedures and devices used to insure superconducting magnetic suspension system reliability are outlined. Power supplies and system failure are included.
    Keywords: FACILITIES, RESEARCH, AND SUPPORT
    Type: Develop. of a Superconducting Electromagnetic Suspension and Balance System for Dyn. Stability Studies; 9 p
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  • 49
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Some data on human vision, important in present and projected space activities, are presented. Visual environment and performance and structure of the visual system are also considered. Visual perception during stress is included.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 611-665
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  • 50
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The general anatomy and function of the human respiratory system is summarized. Breathing movements, control of breathing, lung volumes and capacities, mechanical relations, and factors relevant to respiratory support and equipment design are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 489-531
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  • 51
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The penetrating ionizing space radiations are found to be extremely diverse in the energy range of both their particulate and their electromagnetic components. Radiation terms and measures and ionizing radiation classes and sources are presented. Whole body radiation effects are examined, including radiation intensity and rate effectiveness factors. Radiation effects on specific body systems, such as blood, skin, visual, and reproductive systems are also discussed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 417-454
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  • 52
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    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The effects of alterations in barometric pressure on human beings are described. Human tolerances for gaseous environments and low and high barometric pressure are discussed, including effects on specific areas, such as the ear, lungs, teeth, and sinuses. Problems due to trapped gas within the body, high dynamic pressures on the body, and blasts are also considered.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 1-34
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  • 53
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    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 54
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  • 55
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  • 56
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  • 57
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    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 8 p
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 59
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  • 60
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    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 6 p
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  • 61
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  • 62
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  • 63
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 65
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  • 66
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  • 67
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  • 68
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    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 7 p
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  • 69
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  • 70
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  • 71
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 73
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    Type: it Ann. Progr. Rev.; 6 p
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  • 74
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 2 p
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  • 76
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    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 4 p
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2005-09-05
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: Ann. Progr. Rev.; 7 p
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  • 79
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  • 80
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Man's reactions to vibration are emphasized rather than his reactions to the vibrational characteristics of vehicles. Vibrational effects studies include: performance effects reflected in tracking proficiency, reaction time, visual impairment, and other measures related to man's ability to control a system; physiological reactions; biodynamic responses; subjective reactions; and human tolerance limits. Technological refinements in shaker systems and improved experimental designs are used to validate the data.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 297-348
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  • 81
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: The detection of defective components in devices which are active heat sources, and the detection and characterization of flaws in structures that are thermally passive, but which can be nondestructively heated or cooled are described. The physical principles and thermal detectors and methods are discussed along with contact, and noncontact thermographic methods.
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: Nondestructive Testing; p 119-140
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Modelling will become increasingly important as more knowledge is accumulated, because it offers advantages in predicting reactions of individuals in a variety of situations, including novel aerospace environments, and in specifying a few parameters which should have considerable clinical significance. However, the need for continuing experimental crosschecks of these models has been illustrated by several sets of results which would not have been predicted by any existing models.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 211-219
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Polarized and red- and blue-filter photographs of zodiacal light obtained by Apollo 17 are analyzed. Attempts were made to identify the cause of subtle change in the observed light and determine the dust composition of the light. A comparison of red and blue images indicates such changes may be caused by particle size distribution and range, number of particles along any given line of sight, particle surface characteristics including dielectric compared to metallic properties, and variations of the parameters as a function of distance from the sun.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 3 p
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effect of reading error on two hypothetical slope frequency distributions and two slope frequency distributions from actual lunar data in order to ensure that these errors do not cause excessive overestimates of algebraic standard deviations for the slope frequency distributions. The errors introduced are insignificant when the reading error is small and the slope length is large. A method for correcting the errors in slope frequency distributions is presented and applied to 11 distributions obtained from Apollo 15, 16, and 17 panoramic camera photographs and Apollo 16 metric camera photographs.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An examination was made of earth based observations of optical color differences, infrared eclipse temperatures, and radar backscatter for Mare Serenitatis. Information is also included on orbital observations, physical properties of surface types, and correlation of surface types with geologic units. Differences in these remote observations are attributed to variations in chemical and minerological compositions.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 86
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    Description: The autointrusive hypothesis of the origin of several vagaries of prominent mare ridges is explained. Data are based on a comparison between the structure of a Hawaiian lava lake and the mare ridges. Resulting data suggest that these ridges may have formed as squeeze-ups and autointrusives in tension fractures over buried topography in the crust of luna lava lakes. Data also suggest that mare ridges may result from: (1) pressure ridges in flows, (2) compressional features resulting from subsidence of mare lava, (3) volcanic ring structures and extrusives, or loccoliths fed by lunar grid controlled dikes, (4) draped topography and fissure eruptives, (5) drag folds or tension-gash dikes caused by wrench faulting at depth, and (6) postmare thrust faults.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 87
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Apollo 17 data on the setting and detailed characteristics of the D-Caldera structure are analyzed. Data are also given on the formation of the structure.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Aratus CA (lat. 24.5 N, long. 11.3 E) is an irregular-shaped crater 8.6 km long by 3 km wide in western Mare Serenitatis, which was photographed during the Apollo 15 and 17 missions. It is similar in form to Bear Crater (fig. 30-2), a small volcanic vent formed in Holocene basalt flows of the Snake River Plains, Idaho. The two features are compared and it is concluded that Aratus CA may have a geologic structure and history similar to that of Bear Crater.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The major features of the stratigraphic and structural sequence are summarized for Mare Serenitatis. The dark oldest basalts include flows coextensive with Mare Tranquillitatis and also flows and pyroclastic deposits (dark mantles) that erupted from the edge of the Serenitatis basin. The basin sagged, possibly isostatically, as basalts of intermediate age were emplaced. Sagging had nearly ceased by the time the youngest flows were deposited. Compressive movements including thrusting followed, and small extensional fissures formed in late Copernican time. The revised stratigraphic sequence that was elaborated has implications for lunar stratigraphy that transcend the boundaries of Mare Serenitatis. Dark mantle deposits and the darkest maria have commonly been assumed in geologic mapping to be relatively youthful. These assumptions must now be reevaluated and perhaps discarded.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 12 p
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Apollo 17 biological cosmic ray experiment to determine the effect of heavy cosmic ray particles on the brain and eyes is reported. The pocket mouse was selected as the biological specimen for the experiment. The radiation monitors, animal autopsy and animal processing are described, and the radiation effects on the scalp, retina, and viscera are analyzed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
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  • 91
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    Description: The Apollo 17 infrared scanning radiometer (ISR) experiment for mapping lunar surface thermal emission is reported. The instrument, lunar surface coverage, and the data obtained are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS) onboard the Apollo 17 orbiting spacecraft was used to measure emissions from the lunar atmosphere. The UVS and calibration are discussed along with the lunar atmosphere observations and lunar albedo measurements.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelimin. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The populations of interplanetary particles were studied by examining the energy spectra in a cosmic ray detector placed in the shade, facing away from the sun. Suprathermal ions of solar origin, and low-energy galactic cosmic rays are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 5 p
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Glass track detectors were exposed to cosmic rays on the moon from December 11 to 13, 1972, during a period of relatively quiet sun activity as inferred from satellite proton counters. From 80 to 400 keV/amu, the differential flux of heavy cosmic ray nuclei decreases roughly as E to the -2nd power; this result together with the greater flux from the solar than the antisolar direction identify these nuclei as solar in origin.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Preliminary results of the Apollo 17 neutron probe are presented. The probe which was designed for measuring neutron capture rates to a depth of 2m in the lunar regolith is described, and the fission rates for U-235 are discussed. It is concluded that good agreement exists between the experimental results and theoretical calculations.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 12 p
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Evidence is presented to indicate that evoked potentials in the recurrent laryngeal, the cervical sympathetic, and the phrenic nerve, commonly reported as being elicited by vestibular nerve stimulation, may be due to stimulation of structures other than the vestibular nerve. Experiments carried out in decerebrated cats indicated that stimulation of the petrous bone and not that of the vestibular nerve is responsible for the genesis of evoked potentials in the recurrent laryngeal and the cervical sympathetic nerves. The phrenic response to electrical stimulation applied through bipolar straight electrodes appears to be the result of stimulation of the facial nerve in the facial canal by current spread along the petrous bone, since stimulation of the suspended facial nerve evoked potentials only in the phrenic nerve and not in the recurrent laryngeal nerve. These findings indicate that autonomic components of motion sickness represent the secondary reactions and not the primary responses to vestibular stimulation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 115-123
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Motion sickness susceptibility of four normal subjects was measured in terms of duration of exposure necessary to evoke moderate malaise (MIIA) as a function of velocity in a chair rotated about a central axis tilted 10 deg with respect to gravitational upright. The subjects had little or no susceptibility to this type of rotation at 2.5 and 5.0 rpm, but with further increases in rate, the MIIA endpoint was always reached and with ever shorter test durations. Minimal provocative periods for all subjects were found at 15 or 20 rpm. Higher rotational rates dramatically reversed the vestibular stressor effect, and the subjects as a group tended to reach a plateau of relatively low susceptibility at 40 and 45 rpm. At these higher velocities, furthermore, the subjects essentially lost their sensation of being tilted off vertical. In the second half of the study, the effect of tilt angle was varied while the rotation rate was maintained at a constant 17.5 rpm. Two subjects were completely resistant to symptoms of motion sickness when rotated at 2.5 deg off vertical; with greater off-vertical angles, the susceptibility of all subjects increased sharply at first, then tapered off in a manner reflecting a Fechnerian function.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 99-103
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  • 98
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A rotating space station simulator is being used to obtain data on man's performance in a rotating environment. At present the facility is being used to assess the effects of rotation on man's walking capabilities on circular and flat walls at g-levels from 0.05 to 0.75g. Some of the preliminary results are reviewed.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 67-72
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Three groups of 10 subjects each were exposed to stepwise increments of cross coupled angular accelerations in three visual modes: internal visual reference (IVR), external visual reference (EVR), and vision absent (VA). The subjects in the IVR condition required significantly greater amounts of stimulus exposure to neutralize their illusory subjective reactions. They also suffered a greater loss of well-being and a more marked incidence of motion sickness than did subjects in the EVR and VA conditions. The same 30 subjects were reexposed to the same graded cross coupled stimulation 1 week later. This time, however, all the subjects were tested under only the IVR condition. All three groups showed some positive transfer of adaptation, but only the IVR-IVR combination required significantly fewer head motions to achieve the same level of adaptation on the second occasion. Taken overall, however, the most efficient and least disturbing route to adaptation at the completion of the second test was via the VA-IVR combination.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 87-97
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: A method, based on additive constants, is proposed for estimating the solubility parameters, molar volume, and thermodynamic properties of liquids.
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY
    Type: JPL Quart. Tech. Rev., Vol. 3, No. 1; p 45-53
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