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  • Other Sources  (11)
  • Articles (OceanRep)  (11)
  • Taylor & Francis  (6)
  • American Chemical Society  (5)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Institut für Polarökologie Kiel
  • Springer Nature
  • 2020-2023  (10)
  • 1890-1899  (1)
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  • Other Sources  (11)
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  • Articles (OceanRep)  (11)
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  • 1
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    The highest waves in water (1893)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 36 (222). pp. 430-437.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-14
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Differences in Leaf Chemistry and Glandular Trichome Density between Wild Southwestern American Hop ( Humulus neomexicanus ) and Commercial Hop Cultivars (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69 (27). pp. 7798-7814.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: The female flowers (“cones”) of the hop plant (Humulus L.) produce compounds that contribute to the flavor and other properties of beer. Hop leaves and cones produce many of the same compounds, which also confer agronomic traits such as insect and disease resistance. Targeted and untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry with Waters MSE technology (UPLC-QTof-MSE) metabolomics were used to compare leaf phytochemical compositions of greenhouse-grown southwestern American wild Humulus neomexicanus (A. Nelson and Cockerell) Rydb. against a group of commercial hop cultivars consisting of both pure European Humulus lupulus L. and European–North American hybrids. Principal component analysis showed a clear distinction in chemical profiles between the two groups. H. neomexicanus leaves had a significantly higher content of total α acids (p = 4.4 × 10–9), total bitter acids (p = 2.6 × 10–6), cohumulone (p = 1.0 × 10–13), humulone + adhumulone (p = 9.1 × 10–4), and the prenylflavonoids xanthohumol (p = 0.013) and desmethylxanthohumol (p = 0.029) as well as significantly higher densities of glandular trichomes (p = 1.3 × 10–6), the biosynthetic site of those compounds. Most flavonol glycosides measured were also significantly more abundant in H. neomexicanus (p = 1.5 × 10–22 to 0.0027), whereas phenolic acids were consistently, but generally nonsignificantly (p 〉 0.05), more abundant in the cultivars. The higher bitter acid, prenylflavonoid, and flavonol glycoside content of H. neomexicanus leaves may help to confer more favorable insect and disease-resistance properties.
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  • 3
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    Sea ice conditions and navigability through the Northeast Passage in the past 40 years based on remote-sensing data (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  International Journal of Digital Earth, 14 (5). pp. 555-574.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Sea ice conditions and navigability along four typical routes of the Northeast Passage (NEP) are analysed using remote-sensing data from 1979 to 2019. The influence of air temperature (Tair) and surface wind on the sea ice concentration (SIC) and the navigability of routes is determined. It is found that the annually averaged SICs of the different routes have decreased over the past 41 years. The fastest rate of decrease occurred in the Kara Sea (∼−1% per year), while the slowest rates of decrease occurred in the Laptev/East Siberian Sea (∼−0.42% per year). The number of navigable days for the Kara Sea has become ∼1–2 months longer than the Laptev/East Siberian Sea route as a result. The effect of Tair on SIC, quantified by ΔSIC/ΔTair in the routes through the eastern Kara Sea and Laptev/East Siberian Sea in 2010s was ∼−0.04/°C, two to three times that seen during the 1980s. Air temperature is becoming a significant driving force of melting ice in these routes. Surface winds are also a crucial factor for the navigability of the Vilkitsky Strait and Long Strait, as they drive ice drift, and affect the navigability of the Kara Strait by introducing warm air.
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  • 4
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    Carbon accounting for negative emissions technologies (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Climate Policy . pp. 1-19.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Negative emissions technologies (NETs) are an essential part of most scenarios for achieving the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to below 2°C and for all scenarios that limit warming to 1.5 °C. The deployment of these technologies requires carbon accounting methods for a range of different purposes, such as determining the effectiveness of specific technologies or incentivising NETs. Although the need for carbon accounting methods is discussed within the literature on NETs, there does not appear to be a clear understanding of the range of different accounting challenges. Based on a systematic literature review this study identifies five distinct accounting issues related to NETs: 1. estimating total system-wide change in emissions/removals; 2. non-permanence; 3. non-equivalence of ‘no overshoot’ and ‘overshoot and removal’; 4. accounting for incentives for NETs; and 5. the temporal distribution of emissions/removals. Solutions to these accounting challenges are proposed, or alternatively, areas for further research and the development of solutions are highlighted. One key recommendation is that carbon accounting methods should follow a ‘reality principle’ to report emissions and removals when and where they actually occur, and an important overall conclusion is that it is essential to use the correct accounting method for its appropriate purpose. For example, consequential methods that take account of total system-wide changes in emissions/removals should be used if the purpose is to inform decisions on the deployment or incentivisation of NETs. Attributional methods, however, should be used if the purpose is to construct static descriptions of possible net zero worlds.
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  • 5
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    Genetic and Biochemical Reconstitution of Bromoform Biosynthesis in Asparagopsis Lends Insights into Seaweed Reactive Oxygen Species Enzymology (2020)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  ACS Chemical Biology, 15 (6). pp. 1662-1670.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Marine macroalgae, seaweeds, are exceptionally prolific producers of halogenated natural products. Biosynthesis of halogenated molecules in seaweeds is inextricably linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as hydrogen peroxide serves as a substrate for haloperoxidase enzymes that participate in the construction these halogenated molecules. Here, using red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis, a prolific producer of the ozone depleting molecule bromoform, we provide the discovery and biochemical characterization of a ROS-producing NAD(P)H oxidase from seaweeds. This discovery was enabled by our sequencing of Asparagopsis genomes, in which we find the gene encoding the ROS-producing enzyme to be clustered with genes encoding bromoform-producing haloperoxidases. Biochemical reconstitution of haloperoxidase activities establishes that fatty acid biosynthesis can provide viable hydrocarbon substrates for bromoform production. The ROS production haloperoxidase enzymology that we describe here advances seaweed biology and biochemistry by providing the molecular basis for decades worth of physiological observations in ROS and halogenated natural product biosyntheses.
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  • 6
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    Iron Acquisition Systems of Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogens Define TonB-Dependent Pathways to Novel Antibiotics (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Chemical Reviews, 121 (9). pp. 5193-5239.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Iron is an indispensable metabolic cofactor in both pro- and eukaryotes, which engenders a natural competition for the metal between bacterial pathogens and their human or animal hosts. Bacteria secrete siderophores that extract Fe3+ from tissues, fluids, cells, and proteins; the ligand gated porins of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane actively acquire the resulting ferric siderophores, as well as other iron-containing molecules like heme. Conversely, eukaryotic hosts combat bacterial iron scavenging by sequestering Fe3+ in binding proteins and ferritin. The variety of iron uptake systems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens illustrates a range of chemical and biochemical mechanisms that facilitate microbial pathogenesis. This document attempts to summarize and understand these processes, to guide discovery of immunological or chemical interventions that may thwart infectious disease.
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  • 7
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    Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Concurrent Action of Several Chemical Mechanisms in Arabidopsis-Fusarium oxysporum Compatible and Incompatible Interactions (2020)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68 (51). pp. 15335-15344.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Fusarium oxysporum is a destructive root-infecting plant pathogen that causes significant yield losses in many economically important crop species. Hence, a deeper understanding of pathogen infection strategies is needed. With liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry platforms, we analyzed the metabolic changes in a time-course experiment with Arabidopsis accessions either resistant (Col-0) or susceptible (Ler-0) to isolates of Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis matthioli infection. We showed a concurrent effect of Fusarium-derived polyols and the mycotoxin beauvericin in the suppression of the immune response of susceptible hosts. A significant increase in oxidized glutathione in the resistant host was probably associated with effective reactive oxygen species-mediated resistance responses. Through a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics, we demonstrated the concurrent action of several Arabidopsis defense systems as well as the concurrent action of several virulence systems in the fungal attack of susceptible Arabidopsis.
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  • 8
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    Synthase-Selective Exploration of a Tunicate Microbiome by Activity-Guided Single-Cell Genomics (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  ACS Chemical Biology .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: While thousands of environmental metagenomes have been mined for the presence of novel biosynthetic gene clusters, such computational predictions do not provide evidence of their in vivo biosynthetic functionality. Using fluorescent in situ enzyme assay targeting carrier proteins common to polyketide (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), we applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting to tunicate microbiome to enrich for microbes with active secondary metabolic capabilities. Single-cell genomics uncovered the genetic basis for a wide biosynthetic diversity in the enzyme-active cells and revealed a member of marine Oceanospirillales harboring a novel NRPS gene cluster with high similarity to phylogenetically distant marine and terrestrial bacteria. Interestingly, this synthase belongs to a larger class of siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters commonly associated with pestilence and disease. This demonstrates activity-guided single-cell genomics as a tool to guide novel biosynthetic discovery.
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  • 9
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    User-specific touch interfaces: a viable solution for an aging society? (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Touch interaction has established a dominating role in the realisation of Human–Machine Interfaces. However, to be able to use touch effectively and efficiently, users have to comply with particular prerequisites. Due to age-related changes, such as the decline of tactile accuracy and speed, especially elderly users often struggle with the touch modality. Interfaces that adapt to specific user characteristics could be a promising solution to overcome this problem. Notwithstanding the advantages of adaptive systems, perceived changes in the user interface can reduce the system's predictability and transparency. The present study compares three approaches concerning the adaptation of touch button sizes: no adaptation and adaptation with visible and invisible feedback. Results show that especially elderly users substantially benefit from an adaptive approach. Furthermore, data shows that the type of adaptation supports different usage goals. While adaption with visual feedback enables a higher interaction speed, invisible adaptation leads to a higher degree of accuracy.
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  • 10
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    Beyond crystal mushes: evidence for uptake of high-T pyroxene antecrysts from mid- to upper crustal andesites into tephras from the Central Plateau, New Zealand (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-25
    Description: Pyroxene crystals from recent Central Plateau tephras are used to deduce their formation conditions through two-pyroxene thermobarometry. Crystals return pseudo-pressures and pseudo-temperatures that are artefacts of uptake of antecrysts formed at a range of crustal levels by isobaric cooling of previously intruded magmas. MELTS modelling of tephra glass compositions shows that pseudo-PT conditions are reproduced at oxygen fugacities above the nickel-nickel oxide buffer (NNO+1, NNO+2), mid- to upper crustal pressures (100–400 MPa), and temperatures between c. 900°C and 〉1100°C. Modelled crystals from the deep crust (800 MPa) are restricted to clinopyroxenes. However, these display chemical equilibrium with shallow orthopyroxenes at higher pseudo-PT conditions than observed in Central Plateau pyroxenes. The data indicate uptake of high-temperature pyroxenes at mid- to shallow crustal levels into ascending andesitic melts and thus preclude the presence of long-lived crustal mush zones (〈1000°C) as a source for the crystal cargo of the Central Plateau tephras studied here. Further, the apparent absence of deep crustal pyroxene antecrysts does not preclude models of arc andesite genesis without a ‘deep crustal hot zone’ beneath the Central Plateau. Generation and ascent of primary andesites from a heterogeneous mantle wedge is therefore a possible scenario at the southern Hikurangi margin.
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