ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents many types of tidal phenomena. The contributions evolved from a seminar in Oberwolfach, Black Forest, where German experts on tidal research met in October 1994 to present their views and experience to interested graduate students and scientists in an informal way. The seminar focused on earth tides, tides of the atmosphere and the oceans, including solar-induced variations of the magnetic field and climate, and tidal phenomena in the planetary system and universe. This book has an introductory character, but some contributions describe the state of the art in tidal research.

Description / Table of Contents: This book reviews the geochemical and petrological characteristics of the potassic igneous rock complexes and investigates the different tectonic settings in which these rocks occur. The authors provide an overview and a classification of these rocks and attempt to elucidate the geochemical differences between barren and mineralized potassic igneous complexes. Many epithermal gold and porphyry copper-gold deposits are hosted by high-K rocks. Therefore, this book is not only relevant to the academic petrologists working on alkaline rocks, but also to the exploration geologists prospecting for epithermal gold and/or porphyry copper-gold deposits in modern and ancient terranes. The 2nd updated and enlarged Ed. contains new subchapters and 3 chapters have been completely rewritten.

Description / Table of Contents: This book, which is divided into three parts, gives a state-of-the-art report on technical developments in instrumentation and on theoretical advancements in acoustic remote sensing. It explains the utilization of acoustic techniques in studies related to the structure of the lower atmosphere and oceans and discusses various atmospheric and oceanic applications. The potential and limitations of acoustic remote sensing are also described. This book will be useful to researchers, graduate students, and teachers interested in the structure of the atmosphere and oceans.

Description / Table of Contents: The book gives a general overview of recent approaches to debris flows. Problems of both occurrences and dynamics of debris flow are treated, taking into account new results from theoretical and experimental research and field observations. Finally, the functioning of the main control devices are reconsidered in the light of the state of the art.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Space physics -- 2. Introduction to kinetic theory -- 3. Single particle motion and geomagnetically trapped particles -- 4. Magnetohydrodynamics -- 5. Solar physics -- 6. The solar wind -- 7. The solar wind interaction with planets and other solar system bodies -- 8. The magnetosphere

Description / Table of Contents: Physics of Solar System Plasmas provides a comprehensive introduction to the plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics that are needed to study the solar wind and magnetosphere. The text includes a broad introduction to plasma physics, including important discussions of kinetic theory, single particle motion, magnetohydrodynamics, geomagnetically trapped energetic particles and the physics of magnetic reconnection. This leads into a thorough description of the Sun and the solar wind, and, finally, the author addresses magnetospheric physics. Among the topics covered here are magnetospheric morphology, bow shocks, magnetospheric convection and electrical currents, substorms, ionospheric physics, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, auroral physics and the interaction of the solar wind with the planets. Problem sets at the end of each chapter make this a useful text for advanced undergraduate students in astrophysics, geophysics, or atmospheric sciences. Graduate students and researchers will also find it a valuable source of information

Description / Table of Contents: Main description: In diesem gut lesbaren und verständlichen Buch bewerten die Autoren die Anwendung der Rational-Choice-Theorie. In ihrer herben Kritik zeigen Green und Shapiro auf, dass die hoch gelobten Ergebnisse der Rational-Choice-Theorie tatsächlich äußerst suspekt sind und dass ein grundsätzliches Umdenken erforderlich ist, um diesen analytischen Ansatz in der Politikwissenschaft wirklich nutzen zu können. Diesen Prozess des Umdenkens wollen die Autoren mit ihrem Buch anstoßen.

Description / Table of Contents: The Eastern Mediterranean is an excellent ‘field laboratory’ for the study of fundamental processes of continental rifting, passive margin development, ophiolite generation and emplacement and the tectonic, magmatic and sedimentary effects of continental collision. Since its publication in 1984, The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean has proved to be an invaluable aid to research in this important region. Many of the papers are classics that report basic data and tectonic interpretations that still remain valid today. The individual papers summarize a large amount of international research that was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean region during the previous decade. This volume was the first integrated overview of one of the world’s most complex orogenic areas. The editors have added an outline of the main research developments since 1984 and key references to the more recent literature; several figures have been redrawn and the volume is now fully indexed.

Description / Table of Contents: Subsurface aspects of the ore-forming process can be described in terms of standard chemical transport parameters such as T-P gradients, mineral solubilities, solvent chemistry and volume, diffusion parameters and energy flow. These necessary factors are rather easily assessed by geochemical, isotopic and structural studies. If deposition is in the surface environment, a complex array of factors will determine the success of the natural concentration process and the chances of preservation of a deposit. Basically, most large-scale ore-forming processes involve large fluid volumes and energy sources. Many environments where these requirements are met, the modern ocean ridge and the subduction environment, are still not well understood. The need for remote-sensing techniques in the submarine environment is stressed.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface The proposal that ophiolites are on-land fragments of oceanic lithosphere has been with us for over 20 years and has been widely accepted by the Earth Sciences' community. Despite this, many oceanographers are reluctant to use ophiolite data. Their argument (and it comes largely from the geological rather than geophysical oceanographers) is that 'Even if ophiolites are on-land fragments of oceanic lithosphere, they must be atypical for otherwise they would have been subducted and not obducted'. So they conclude that, although the study of ophiolites is perfectly acceptable in its own right, its results should not be used in the investigation of present-day, in-situ oceanic lithosphere--i.e, the invoking of 'reversed uniformitarianism' is not acceptable. However using uniformitarian principles to interpret ophiolites from present-day oceanic lithosphere studies is equally problematical for (i) petrological/geochemical studies of ocean-floor rocks are based on widely spaced boreholes of limited depth and dredge-haul sampling, (ii) geophysical data can only detect large-scale phenomena and are open to various interpretations, and (iii) direct observations from submersibles are still very limited. Such circumstances should have drawn the two groups of workers closer together.

Description / Table of Contents: Die vorliegende Darstellung des Ferromagnetismus geht historisch zurück auf eine Reihe von Vorträgen, welche der eine der Verfasser im Winter 1934/35 auf Veranlassung des Außeninstituts der Technischen Hochschule Berlin vor einem zum größten Teil aus Technikern bestehenden Hörerkreis hielt. In diesen Vorträgen wurde gezeigt, daß viele scheinbar zusammenhanglose Eigenschaften ferromagnetischer Körper verständlich werden durch den Zusammenhang zwischen Spannung, Magnetostriktion und Magnetisierungsrichtung, wie er bei "Nickel unter Zug" in besonders reiner Form der theoretischen und experimen­ tellen Forschung zugänglich ist. In der Zwischenzeit ist unsere Kenntnis von der Magnetisierung und ihren Begleiterscheinungen durch zahlreiche Arbeiten gefördert worden. Die in jenen Vorträgen häufig nur angedeuteten Gesichtspunkte haben sich quantitativ verschärfen und an zahlreichen Beobachtungen bestätigen lassen. Die Arbeiten zur Erforschung des Ferromagnetismus lassen sich nach ihren Zielen in zwei große Gruppen unterteilen, von denen die eine eine Erklärung für das Auftreten des Ferromagnetismus überhaupt anstrebt, während die andere Gruppe ihn als vorhanden hinnimmt und nach' seinen speziellen Erscheinungs­ formen fragt. Diese Unterteilung kommt auch in dem vorliegenden Buche zum Ausdruck.

Description / Table of Contents: Although the search for oil and gas in Europe, particularly in the North Sea, has been very successful, it has become progressively more difficult and costly in recent years. The need for continuing exploration success in finding accumulations of hydrocarbons has created a climate which favours the use of modern scientific and technological methods and techniques. Amongst these is petroleum geochemistry. Applications of petroleum geochemistry (integrated with petroleum geology) in petroleum exploration has drastically changed in recent years from a post-mortem science to a widely accepted exploration predictive tool.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is a collection of papers on an aspect of plate tectonics of which our understanding is at present limited. In the mid-1970s, prior to the recent phase of IPOD active margin drill- ing, few geologists would have anticipated that at the start of the 1980s so many new questions concerning the nature of tectonic and sedimentary processes in forearc regions would have come to light.

Description / Table of Contents: The papers in this book review and partly summarise the present state of knowledge concerning the Caledonides of the British Isles--broadly the history of geological events from about 700 to 400 million years ago including events in the type area of Caledonia, Scotland. Many of the papers report new work and the volume is a contribution to the study of the Caledonide orogenic belt that was originally continuous from Scandinavia through Britain and Ireland to N America. The papers arose from a conference organised by the Irish and British working groups of the Caledonide Orogen Project 27 (International Geological Correlation Programme). The conference was held under the aegis of The Royal Society of London, The Royal Irish Academy, The Geological Society of London, The Royal Dublin Society and The Royal Society of Edinburgh. It was generously sponsored by The Royal Society of London and by the following industrial organisations to whom the working groups wish to express their sincere appreciation.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume contains papers presented at the Geological Society on March 25th and 26th 1981, plus three additional contributions by researchers who were unable to be present at the meeting. The meeting brought together earth scientists with interests in geomorphology, geochemistry, pedology, sedimentology and applied geology. The multidisciplinary approach to the study of residual deposits is reflected in the 25 chapters of this book, which are arranged in four main groups: Weathering processes (chapters 1-3); Kaolinites, laterites and bauxites (chapters 4-11); Red beds (chapters 12-14); Duricrusts: calcretes, silcretes and gypcretes (chapters 15-25). The last two chapters of the book deal with karst related fluorite-baryte deposits, and Cenozoic pedogenesis and landform develop- ment in south-east England. Richard Crockett, Andrew Goudie and Don Highley provided invaluable suggestions during the planning of the meeting that led to this book. R. C. L. WILSON,Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA.

Description / Table of Contents: 'Seawater' has been substantially updated in this second edition to take account of recent developments in marine science. Sections dealing with difficult physical and chemical concepts have been developed on the basis of feedback from the first edition, making this an ideal learning tool for oceanography students.Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydraulic cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and how they influence water density and movements is then discussed. Light and sound in seawater are considered next, al

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter I. Air-Sea Exchange Processes and Flux --- Chemical composition of marine aerosols over the Central North Pacific—Results ftom the 1991 cruise of Hakurei Maru No. 2 / Uematsu, M., Kawamupa, K., Ibusuki, T. and Kimoto, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 3-14 --- Estimation of mineral aerosol fluxes to the Pacific by using environmental plutonium as a tracer / Nakanishi, T., Shiba, Y., Muramatsu, M. and Haque, M. A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 15-30 --- Land-derived lipid class compounds in the deep-sea sediments and marine aerosols from the North Pacific / Kawamura, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 31-51 --- Iron and manganese in the atmosphere and oceanic waters / Nakayama, E., Obata, H., Okamura, K., Isshiki, K., Karatani, H. and Kimoto, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 53-68 --- Laboratory estimation of CO2 transfer velocity across the air-sea interface / Komom, S., Shimada, T. and Murakami, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 69-81 --- Dissolution of calcareous tests in the ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide / Nozaki, Y. and Oba, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 83-92 --- Calcium carbonate production and carbon dioxide flux on a coral reef, Okinawa / Ohde, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 93-98 --- Chapter II. Geochemical Processes in Seawater --- Generations of carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen peroxide in the Seto Inland Sea—Photochemical reactions progressing in the coastal seawater / Fujiwara, K., Takeda, K. and Kumamoto, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 101-127 --- Speciation of organoarsenical compounds in the hydrosphere / Sohrin, Y., Hasegawa, H. and Matsui, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 129-138 --- Chemical speciation of selenium in natural waters / Nakaguchi, Y., Koike, Y. and Hiraki, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 139-158 --- The concentration distribution and chemical form of arsenic compounds in seawater / Tanaka, S. and Santosa, S. J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 159-170 --- The rare earth elements and yttrium in the coastal/offshore mixing zone of Tokyo Bay waters and the Kuroshio / Nozaki, Y. and Zhang, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 171-184 --- The tetrad effect in seawater; a long dispute and an analytical approach to the confirmation of the effect / Akagi, T. and Masuda, A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 185-199 --- Detection, characterization and dynamics of dissolved organic ligands in oceanic waters / Tanoue, E. and Midorikawa, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 201-224 --- Chapter III. Primary Production and Other Biological Processes --- Nitrate assimilation and new production in open ocean / Kanda, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 227-238 --- Primary production and community respiration in the subarctic water of the western North Pacific / Odate, T. and Furuya, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 239-253 --- Effects of a seamount on phytoplankton production in the western Pacific Ocean / Furuya, K., Odate, T. and Taguchi, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 255-273 --- Marine colloids: Their roles in food webs and biogeochemical fluxes / Nagata, T. and Koike, I. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 275-292 --- Regional and seasonal variations of biomass and bio-mediated materials in the North Pacific Ocean / Yanada, M. and Maita, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 293-306 --- Nitrogen and carbon stable isotopic ecology in the ocean: The transportation of organic materials through the food web / Sugisakj, H. and Tsuda, A. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 307-317 --- The role of carnivorous zooplankton, particularly chaetognaths in ocean flux / Terazaki, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 319-330 --- Seasonal changes in deep-sea benthic foraminiferal populations: Results of long-term observations at Sagami Bay, Japan / Kitazato, H. and Ohga, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 331-342 --- Chapter IV. Particle Flux and Sediment Geochemistry --- Spatial variation of Al flux in the North Pacific observed with sediment trap / Noriki, S., Iwai, T., Shimamoto, A., Tsunogai, S. and Harada, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 345-354 --- Spatial and temporal variation of δ515N in sinking particles in deep waters: Its implication for the origin and transport of particulate organic matter / Nakatsuka, T., Handa, N. and Imaizumi, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 355-374 --- 230Th and 231Pa distributions in surface sediments off Enshunada, Japan / Taguchi, K. and Narita, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 375-382 --- Remobilization of transition elements in pore water of continental slope sediments / Kato, Y., Tanase, M., Minami, H. and Okabe, S. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 383-405 --- Geochemistry of pore waters from a bathyal Calyptogena community off Hatsushima Island, Sagami Bay, Japan / Masuzawa, T., Nakatsuka, T. and Handa, N. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 407-421 --- Chapter V. Submarine Hydrothermal Processes --- Wide variation of chemical characteristics of submarine hydrothermal fluids due to secondary modification processes after high temperature water-rock interaction: a review / Gamo, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 425-451 --- Geochemistry of phase-separated hydrothermal fluids of the North Fiji Basin, Southwest Pacific / Ishibashi, J. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 453-467 --- Chemical modeling of seawater-rock interaction: Effect of rock-type on the fluid chemistry and mineral assemblage / Chiba, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 469-486 --- Hydrothermal mineralization in the Mid-Okinawa Trough / Nakashima, K., Sakai, H., Yoshida, H., Chiba, H., Tanaka, Y., Gamo, T., Ishibashi, J. and Tsunogai, U. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 487-508 --- Iron-rich smectite formation in the hydrothermal sediment of Iheya Basin, Okinawa Trough / Masuda, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 509-521 --- Formation and alteration of organic compounds in simulated submarine hydrothermal vent environments / Kobayashi, K., Kohara, M., Gamo, T. and Yanagawa, H. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 523-535 --- Localized heat flow anomalies in the middle Okinawa Trough associated with hydrothermal circulation / Kinoshita, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 537-559 --- Chapter VI. Modeling and Physical Oceanography --- Material transport models from Tokyo Bay to the Pacific Ocean / Yanagi, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 563-574 --- Climate and weather effects on the chlorophyll concentration in the northwestern North Pacific / Sugimoto, T., Tadokoro, K. and Furushima, Y. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 575-592 --- Ecosystem models for the three regional problems in the Northern Pacific / Kishi, M. J. and Kawamiya, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 593-611 --- A review on the subtropical mode water of the North Pacific (NPSTMW) / Hanawa, K. and Suga, T. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 613-627 --- Flow distribution at 165°E in the Pacific Ocean / Kawabe, M. and Taira, K. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 629-649 --- Determination of monthly mean sea surface temperature from 1981 to 1990 by the NOAA-AVHRR in the equatorial Pacific / Kishino, M. / Biogeochemical Processes and Ocean Flux in the Western Pacific, / pp. 651-659

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The sedimentology of Chalk describes processes that caused the rhythmic vertical variation in grain size, structures and authigenic mineral concentrations in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, subtropical, shallow marine, fine-grained, detrital bioclastic carbonates of northwest Europe. In particular, attention is paid to the sedimentology of the Tuffaceous Chalk of Maaslricht (The Netherlands), a coarsegrained variety of Chalk that resembles the Chalk (coccolithic mudstones) as well as modern shallow marine carbonate sands. Numerical models are presented that enable the simulation of the genesis of flint nodule layers, hardgrounds and complex wavy bedded sequences, such as the K/T boundary sequence of Stevns Klint (Denmark). The aim of this book is to show how depositional and early diagenetic features, which are observed in small-scale Chalk outcrops, can be used to reconstruct the large-scale dynamics of the northwest European continent during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary...

Description / Table of Contents: Pages 1-3: Introduction --- Pages 4-11: Euler equations --- Pages 12-32: Vortex model --- Pages 33-52: An existence theorem for Euler equations --- Pages 53-66: Further considerations on vortex model --- Pages 67-79: A mean field limit --- Pages 80-86: Navier-Stokes equations --- Pages 87-98: Diffusion process and Navier-Stokes equations --- Pages 99-115: Mean field limit and propagation of chaos for Navier-Stokes equations --- Pages 116-129: The problem of boundary conditions, chorin method and concluding remarks

Description / Table of Contents: DEKORP, the German continental reflection seismic program, was the major focus of deep seismic research in Germany in the 1980s and 1990s. The seismic sections provided fundamental new insight into deep geological structure of the European continent and the dynamics of continental formation. They formed the basis for worldwide comparative studies of orogenic structure. The complicated signature of the reflections from the deep crust indicated that new processing and interpretation techniques must be considered to better image the crystalline crust. Results of these efforts, including pre-stack migration, 3-D imaging, shear waves and seismic anisotropy, are presented in this special volume. In part, the articles open the perspective to new and future research. In part, they document research activity triggered by technical and interpretational questions raised by DEKORP field work and profiling results. Many of the presented methods can find immediate application in industrial seismic prospecting.

Description / Table of Contents: Induced seismic events are of high scientific and economic significance. They are the result of human activities interacting with regional and local tectonics, changing the local crustal stress state by mining, extraction of rock masses, injection of fluids into the rock massif, and by changing the surface loading and pore pressure state near large reservoirs. Within Europe the study of induced seismic events has a long tradition and international scientific organizations have actively stimulated the co-operation in this field. During its General Assembly in September 1994, the European Seismological Society organized the symposium "Induced Seismic Events". The focus of this symposium was concentrated on induced events in central and eastern Europe, as well as in the former Soviet Union. The major contributions to the symposium, and also some Chinese, Canadian, and South African results are presented here. Case studies as well as data analyses and methodological studies are included. Seismologists and specialists working in the field of geohazard prevention will find much information in this volume that is pertinent to their work.

Description / Table of Contents: The perturbation of the earth by mankind causes earthquakes in a variety of situations. This phenomenon continues to be a major concern to engineers and scientists concerned with the mitigation of the consequences of this seismicity, as well as better understanding the processes at its origin. The present volume contains twelve papers from six countries, dealing with observations of triggered and induced seismicity in four continents. The reported cases include seismicity due to hard-rock mines, coal mines, underground research facilities for nuclear waste disposal, water injections, reservoirs, acquifers and oil fields. This volume provides case studies of previously unavailable observations of this phenomenon, investigations of the cause and source mechanism of seismic events, studies of source location distributions, determinations of seismic source parameters, cases of the use of such parameters in assessing rockburst hazard in mines, and measurements of velocity an attenuation properties of rock masses. The present collection of papers provides an excellent indication of the current state of the art and new developments in this area of research.