ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Planets, Meteorites and Cosmic Dusts --- Primordial Xe Isotopic Abundances and 244Pu-136Xe Ages of Primitive Xe Differentiated Achondrites / Eugster O., Weigel A., and Michel Th. / pp. 1-9 --- The RELAX Mass Spectrometer and Its Application to Iodine-Xenon Dating / Gilmour J. D. and Turner G. / pp. 11-21 --- Enrichment and Fractionation of Noble Gases in Bubbles / Takaoka N. / pp. 23-29 --- "Q-Gases" as "Local" Primordial Noble Gas Component in Primitive Meteorites / Wieler R. / pp. 31-41 --- Weathering and Atmospheric Noble Gases in Chondrites / Scherer P., Schultz L., and Loeken T. / pp. 43-53 --- Radiogenic Noble Gas Constraints on Mars' Evolution / Sasaki S. / pp. 55-66 --- Retentivity of Solar He and Ne in IDPS in Deep Sea Sediment / Hiyagon H. / pp. 67-75 --- Influx and Age Constraints on the Recycled Cosmic Dust Explanation for High 3He/4He Ratios at Hotspot Volcanos / Trull T. / pp. 77-88 --- 2. Mantle and Crust --- Geochronology of Tellurium Ores and the Double-Beta Decay Lifetime of 130Te / Podosek F. A., Brannon J. C., Bernatowicz T. J., Brazzle R., Grauch R., Cowsik R., and Hohenberg C. M. / pp. 89-113 --- Cosmic-Ray-Produced Neon at the Surface of the Earth / Graf T., Kim J. S., Marti K., and Niedermann S. / pp. 115-123 --- Current Status of Xes-Xen Dating / Shukolyukov Yu. A., Meshik A. P., Krylov D. P., and Pravdivtseva O. V. / pp. 125-146 --- Atmospheric, MORB-Like, and Crustal-Derived Noble Gas Components in Subduction-Related Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 147-158 --- Noble Gases in Deformed Xenoliths from an Ocean Island: Characterization of a Metasomatic Fluid / Farley K. A., Poreda R. J., and Onstott T. C. / pp. 159-178 --- Deconvolution of Multiple Components of Neon and Helium in Mantle-Derived Samples / Patterson D. B., Honda M., and McDougall I. / pp. 179-189 --- Neon and Argon Isotopic Constraints on Earth-Atmosphere Evolution / Marty B. and Allé P. / pp. 191-204 --- The Effect of Water on Noble Gas Signatures of Volcanic Materials / Kaneoka I. / pp. 205-215 --- 3. Water, Gases and Diamonds --- Indigenous and Extraneous Noble Gases in Terrestrial Diamonds / Begemann F. / pp. 217-227 --- Isotopic Variations of Helium in the Diamonds of the Kokchetav Massif's Metamorphic Rocks, Kazakhstan / Pleshakov A. M. and Shukolyukov Yu. A. / pp. 229-243 --- Helium Isotopic Information from Diamonds: Critical Data Available and Needed / Lal D. / pp. 245-260 --- He-Ar Isotope Systematics of Fluid Inclusions: Resolving Mantle and Crustal Contributions to Hydrothermal Fluids / Stuart F., Turner G., and Taylor R. / pp. 261-277 --- Mantle Helium in the Groundwater of the Mirror Lake Basin, New Hampshire, U.S.A. / Torgersen T., Drenkard S., Farley K., Schlosser P., and Shapiro A. / pp. 279-292 --- Volcanic Activity Revealed by Isotope Systematics of Gases from Hydrothermal Springs in Tengchong, China / Wang X., Chen J., Li Y., Wen Q., Sun M., Li C., and Hu G. / pp. 293-304 --- Helium Isotopic Compositions in Quaternary Volcanic Geothermal Area near Indo-Eurasian Collisional Margin at Tengchong, China / Xu S., Nakal S., Wakita H., Wang X., and Chen J. / pp. 305-313 --- 4. Basic Properties --- Sites and Behaviors ofNoble Gas Atoms in MgO Crystal Simulated by the Molecular Dynamics (MD) Method / Tsuchiyama A. and Kawamura K. / pp. 315-323 --- Noble Gas Solubilities in Melts and Crystals / Carroll M. R., Draper D. S., Brooker R. A., and Kelley S. / pp. 325-341 --- Noble Gas Partition between Basaltic Melt and Olivine Crystals at High Pressures / Shibata T., Takahashi E., and Ozima M. / pp. 343-354 --- Noble Gas Partitioning between Metal and Silicate under High Pressures: The Case of Iron and Peridotite / Sudo M., Ohtaka O., and Matsuda J. / pp. 355-372 --- Noble Gas Partitioning in Natural Samples: Results from Coexisting Glass and Olivine Phenocrysts in Four Hawaiian Submarine Basalts / Valbracht P. J., Honda M., Staudigel H., McDougall I., and Trost A. P. / pp. 373-381 --- Retrospective --- After Dinner Talk (A Diagrammatic Summary of Noble Gas Isotope Research in the Physics Department at Berkeley) / Reynolds J. H. / pp. 383-386

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. High Resolution and Better Imaging --- MUSES-B Satellite System for VSOP / H. Hirosawa / pp. 3-9 --- Mechanical Design and Development of a Deployable Space Antenna for Japanese VLBI Space Observatory Program / M. C. Natori, T. Takano, K. Miyoshi, T. Inoue and T. Kitamura / pp. 10-20 --- Operation of the VSOP Satellite / Y. Murata / pp. 21-25 --- Ground Supporting Facilities for VSOP Observations / N. Kawaguchi, H. Kobayashi, T. Miyaji, H. Mikoshiba, A. Tojo, Z. Yamamoto and H. Hirosawa, / pp. 26-33 --- Space VLBI Simulations / D. W. Murphy, V. Yakimov, H. Kobayashi, A. R. Taylor and I. Fejes / pp. 34-38 --- Space VLBI Scheduling Studies: Techniques and Results / D. L. Meier / pp. 39-43 --- An Affordable Advanced Space VLBI Mission / J. S. Ulvestad, D. L. Meier, D. W. Murphy, R. A. Preston and J. G. Smith / pp. 44-48 --- Space VLBI Experiments Using ETS-VI / T. lwata, H. Kiuchi, M. Imae, M. Sekido and S. Hama / pp. 49-53 --- Space VLBI Polarization Observations / D. C. Gabuzda and A. R. Taylor / pp. 54-58 --- Space VLBI User Assistance Software / I. Fejes, D. W. Murphy, A. R. Taylor, V. Yakimov and G. Young / pp. 59-69 --- mm VLBI / L. B. Bååth / pp. 70-74 --- "High Sensitivity" VLBI at 86 GHz: First Fringes with the 100 m Radio Telescope at Effelsberg / K. J. Standke, D. A. Graham, T. P. Krichbaum, A. Witzel, C. J. Schalinski, A. E. E. Rogers, R. Booth, L. B. Bååth / pp. 75-85 --- Burst Mode System toward mJy Level mm-VLBI / M. Inoue, K. Matsumoto and N. Kawaguchi / pp. 86-88 --- 86 GHz Global VLBI Progress Report / S. Doeleman, A. E. E. Rogers, L. Bååth, C. Schalinski, T. Krichbaum, M. Inoue, A. Zensus, S. Padin, J. Carlstrom, D. Graham, C. Predmore, J. Moran, D. Backer, M. Wright, N. Whyborn, L. Nyman, K. Standke, M. Lerner and S. Kameno / pp. 89-92 --- Global 3- and 7-mm VLBI Observations of OJ287 / C. E. Tateyama and M. Inoue / pp. 93-100 --- VLBI Observations of the 22 GHz H2 0Maser in Late Type Stars / H. Takaba, T. lwata, M. Miyoshi, N. Ukita, S. Kameno and K. Matsumoto / pp. 101-104 --- The H2 0 Super Maser Outburst Region in the Orion Nebula / L. I. Matveyenko and P. J. Diamond / pp. 105-109 --- The Cosmological Application of the VLBI Technique at Ultimate Resolutions / L. I. Gurvits / pp. 110-114 --- First VLBI Images of Supernova 1993J in the Galaxy M81 / N. Bartel, M. F. Bietenholz, M. P. Rupen, J. E. Conway, A. J. Beasley, R. A. Sramek, J. D. Romney, M. A. Titus, D. A. Graham, V. I. Altunin, D. L. Jones, A. Rius, T. Venturi, G. Umana, R. L. Francis, M. L. McCall, M. G. Richer, C. C. Stevenson, K. W. Weiler, S. D. Van Dyk, N. Panagia, W. H. Cannon, J. Popelar and R. J. Davis / pp. 115-122 --- The Visibility-Spectrum Relation among Radio Loud AGNs / S. Kameno, M. Inoue, K. Matsumoto, H. Takaba, T. lwata, R. Nan and R. T. Schilizzi / pp. 123-129 --- Identification of the Superluminal Motion in Faint Parsec-Scale Jet of 3C390.3 / S. Wu, E. Preuss, W. Alef, K. I. Kellermann and Y. Qiu / pp. 130-136 --- A VLBI Search for Compact Nonthermal Emission from the Herbig Be Star MWC 297 / S. L. Skinner and R. B. Phillips / pp. 137-140 --- Snapshot VLBI Mapping of Variable Extragalactic Sources at 327 MHz / L. I. Gurvits, W. Alef, D. R. Altschuler, J. E. Carson, B. Dennison, D. Graham and A. S. Trotter / pp. 141-145 --- AO 0235+164151;A "Heretic" BL Lac / H. S. Chu, L. B. Bååth, F. T. Rantakyrö, R. S. Booth, R. E. Spencer and F. J. Zhang / pp. 146-155 --- Chapter 2. Antenna and Networks --- The New Receiver in the S, X, K Bands for the VLB1 Medicina Dish / A. Orfei, G. Maccaferri, S. Mariotti, M. Morsiani, G. P. Zacchiroli and G. Tomassetti / pp. 159-164 --- The Upgrade Proposal for the VLBI Medicina Antenna / A. Orfei, G. Maccaferri, S. Mariotti, M. Morsiani and G. P. Zacchiroli / pp. 165-170 --- VLBI at the Kyushu Tokai University / M. Fujishita, K. Miyasato, T. Yoshiyama and Y. Matsumae / pp. 171-175 --- VLBI Activities at the Matera Space Geodesy Center / R. Lanotte, G. Bianco, M. Fermi and L. Garramone / pp. 176-184 --- The Mizusawa 10-m Antenna and Its VLBI Observation System / K. M. Shibata, Y. Asaki, I. Asari, Y. Fukuzaki, T. Hara, K. Horiai, K. lwadate, 0. Kameya, N. Kawano, S. Kuji, S. Manabe, S. Sakai, T. Sasao, K. Sato, Y. Tamura and S. Tsuruta / pp. 185-190 --- The 6 m VLBI Telescope at Kagoshima, Japan / T. Omodaka, M. Morimoto, N. Kawaguchi, T. Miyaji, S. Yasuda, T. Suzuyama, T. Kitagawa, T. Miyazaki, L. Furuya, T. Jike, K. Miyazawa, H. Mikoshiba, S. Kuji, 0. Kameya and Kagoshima VLBI Group / pp. 191-195 --- Radio Telescopes and VLBI Facilities in Brazil / P. Kaufmann and C. E. Tateyama / pp. 196-199 --- Cryogenic Cooled Receivers for the QUASAR Network / A. V. lpatov, I. A. lpatova and V. V. Mardyshkin / pp. 200-204 --- The Australian Long Baseline Array—Status Report / A. Tzioumis, W. Wilson and R. Ferris / pp. 205-210 --- The Asia-Pacific Telescope—APT / A. Tzioumis / pp. 211-217 --- Present Status and Future Development on VLBI Facilities in China / Ye S. and Oian Z. / pp. 218-220 --- Chapter 3. The New Trends in Geodesy and Astrometry --- Plate Dynamics near Boundaries: What Governs the Transition between Episodic and Continuous Motions? / K. Heki / pp. 223-228 --- Improved Global Atmospheric Mapping Functions for VLBI and GPS / A. Niell / pp. 229-231 --- Method of Differential Fringe Phase Tracking / N. Kawano, T. Sasao, T. Hara, S. Kuji, 0. Kameya, K. Sato, K. lwadate and Y. Asaki / pp. 232-236 --- The Chinese National Space Geodetic Network / J. Cai / pp. 237-240 --- Satellite Position Determination by Difference of Range (DOR) Measurements / I. Kardos / pp. 241-250 --- Recent Geodetic VLBI Results from Shanghai Observatory / Ye S., Qian Z., Chen G. and Zhou, R. / pp. 251-253 --- An Antennacluster-Antennacluster VLBI Project VERA / T. Sasao, N. Kawano, T. Hara, S. Kuji, K. Shibata, K. lwadate, K. Sato, 0. Kameya, S. Tsuruta, K. Asari, Y. Tamura, K. Horiai, K. Sato, H. Hanada, T. Tsubokawa, K. Yokoyama, S. Manabe and S. Sakai / pp. 254-258 --- An Astronomical Observational Plan Using the VERA / O. Kameya, T. Sasao, N. Kawano and K. M. Shibata / pp. 259-263 --- Estimated Errors in the Antennacluster-Antennacluster VLBI / T. Hara, T. Sasao, K. Sato, N. Kawano and O. Kameya / pp. 264-271 --- Sub-Milliarcsecond Astrometry with Phase-Referenced VLBI / D. L. Jones, J.-F. Lestrade, R. A. Preston and R. B. Phillips / pp. 272-276 --- Selenodesy by Using Differential VLBI Observations of Artificial Radio Sources on the Moon / H. Hanada, M. Ooe, N. Kawano, K. lwadate, S. Kuji, K. Sato, S. Tsuruta, T. Sasao, 0. Kameya, T. Hara, N. Kawaguchi, M. Fujishita, M. Morimoto, S. Yasuda, H. Mizutani and A. Fujimura / pp. 277-281 --- Gravitational Lens Effect and Measurement of Stellar Mass / M. Hosokawa, K. Ohnishi, T. Fukushima and M. Takeuti / pp. 282-286 --- Evidence for Source Structure Effects Caused by the Quasar 3C273 in Geodetic VLBI Data / P. Charlot / pp. 287-294 --- Astronomical Periods in the Solar System / Y. Macyama / pp. 295-305 --- Pulsar VLBI Experiment Using Kashima-Usuda Baseline / M. Sekido, S. Hama, H. Kiuchi, Y. Hanado, Y. Takahashi, M. Imae, K. Fujisawa and H. Hirabayashi / pp. 306-312 --- The Celestial Reference System and Frame of the International Earth Rotation Service / E. F. Arias / pp. 313-315 --- Quasi Simultaneous Observations in the Arclength Method of Reduction of Astrometric VLBI Data / M. S. De Biasi, E. F. Arias and J.-F. Lestrade / pp. 316-318 --- Few-Hundred Microarcsecond VLBI Astrometry: Applications and Reduction of Limiting Error Sources / S. T. Lowe and R. N. Treuhaft / pp. 319-323 --- Chapter 4. Recorders and Correlators --- A New Advanced One-Unit VLBI Correlator (NAOCO) / K. Shibata, T. Sasao, N. Kawaguchi, Y. Tamura, S. Kameno, M. Miyoshi, K. Asari, S. Manabe, T. Hara, S. Kuji, K. Sato, T. Miyaji, K. Matsumoto, Y. Asaki, S. Yasuda and S. Nakamura / pp. 327-331 --- A Programmable VLBI Correlator Using Parallel Computing / G. Petit and T. Fayard / pp. 332-337 --- Status of the New K-4 System / H. Kiuchi, S. Hama, J. Amagai, Y. Hanado, A. Kaneko and M. Imae / pp. 338-344 --- The S2 Frequency Agile Data Acquisition Terminal / W. T. Petrachenko, P. Mathieu, J. Popelar, W. H. Cannon, H. Tan and R. D. Wietfeldt / pp. 345-350 --- A Chipset for a MKII Style Correlator / G. Tuccari / pp. 351-359 --- Keeping Compatibility in International VLBI Systems / T. Yoshino, S. Hama and N. Kawaguchi / pp. 360-364 --- Development of the Burst Mode VLBI / K. Matsumoto and N. Kawaguchi / pp. 365-370 --- The K4 Correlator / S. Hama, H. Kiuchi, M. Sekido and M. Imae / pp. 371-376 --- Notes on High Data Rate Recording / J. Takayama / pp. 377-380

Description / Table of Contents: John Parnell: Geofluids: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.01 --- W.S. Fyfe: The water inventory of the Earth: fluids and tectonics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.02 --- Large-Scale Fluid Flow --- R. Van Balen and S. Cloetingh: Tectonic control of the sedimentary record and stress-induced fluid flow: constraints from basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:9-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.03 --- David Deming: Fluid flow and heat transport in the upper continental crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:27-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.04 --- Alan M. Jessop and Jacek A. Majorowicz: Fluid flow and heat transfer in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:43-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.05 --- G. Neil Phillips, Patrick J. Williams, and Geoffrey De Jong: The nature of metamorphic fluids and significance for metal exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:55-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.06 --- Deformation and Fluid Flow --- Richard H. Sibson: Crustal stress, faulting and fluid flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:69-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.07 --- R. Muir Wood: Earthquakes, strain-cycling and the mobilization of fluids / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:85-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.08 --- R.J. Knipe and A.M. McCaig: Microstructural and microchemical consequences of fluid flow in deforming rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:99-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.09 --- E.L. Stephenson, A.J. Maltman, and R.J. Knipe: Fluid flow in actively deforming sediments: ‘dynamic permeability’ in accretionary prisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:113-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.10 --- Fluid Flow and Reservoir Evolution --- Knut Bjørlykke: Fluid-flow processes and diagenesis in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.11 --- P.S. Ringrose and P.W.M. Corbett: Controls on two-phase fluid flow in heterogeneous sandstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:141-150, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.12 --- Fluid Chemistry; Metal-Organic Interactions --- Jeffrey S. Hanor: Origin of saline fluids in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:151-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.13 --- Thomas H. Giordano and Yousif K. Kharaka: Organic ligand distribution and speciation in sedimentary basin brines, diagenetic fluids and related ore solutions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:175-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.14 --- Royston H. Filby: Origin and nature of trace element species in crude oils, bitumens and kerogens: implications for correlation and other geochemical studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:203-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.15 --- Keith Nicholson: Fluid chemistry and hydrological regimes in geothermal systems: a possible link between gold-depositing and hydrocarbon-bearing aqueous systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:221-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.16 --- Fluid Evolution: Migration and Precipitation of Hydrocarbons and Metals --- Ulrich Mann: An integrated approach to the study of primary petroleum migration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:233-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.17 --- Bernd R.T. Simoneit: Organic matter alteration and fluid migration in hydrothermal systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:261-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.18 --- John Parnell: Hydrocarbons and other fluids: paragenesis, interactions and exploration potential inferred from petrographic studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.19 --- Anthony D. Fowler: The role of geopressure zones in the formation of hydrothermal Pb-Zn Mississippi Valley type mineralization in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:293-300, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.20 --- R. Metcalfe, C.A. Rochelle, D. Savage, and J.W. Higgo: Fluid-rock interactions during continental red bed diagenesis: implications for theoretical models of mineralization in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:301-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.21 --- Tracers of Fluid Evolution --- I.R. Duddy, P.F. Green, R.J. Bray, and K.A. Hegarty: Recognition of the thermal effects of fluid flow in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:325-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.22 --- C.J. Ballentine and R.K. O’nions: The use of natural He, Ne and Ar isotopes to study hydrocarbon-related fluid provenance, migration and mass balance in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 78:347-361, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.078.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: The study of opaque minerals or synthetic solids in polished section using the polarizing reflected-light microscope is the most important technique for the identification and characterization of the opaque phases in a sample and the textural relationships between them. Since most metalliferous ores are comprised of opaque minerals, this study has been traditionally known as ore microscopy and has found its greatest applications in the study of mineral deposits. It may be applied, however, as a general technique in the study of igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks containing opaque minerals and even in the study of metallurgical products or other synthetic materials. The objective of this text is to present an up-to-date introduction to ore microscopy for the student or professional scientist who is unfamiliar with the technique-an introduction that would accompany a course at the senior undergraduate or graduate level or that would provide the professional with a first step in familiarization. No attempt has been made at a comprehensive treatment of the subject; for this the reader is referred to the excellent works of such authors as Rarndohr, Uytenbogaart and Burke, Galopin and Henry cited in relevant sections ofthis text. Emphasis is placed on the basic skills required for the study of opaque minerals in polished section, and information in the text and appendices on the more common ore minerals and assemblages provides examples. The first two chapters cover the design and operation of the ore microscope and the preparation of polished (and polished thin) sections. A chapter dealing with qualitative mineral properties used in identification is followed by a discussion of reflected-light optics. The quantitative measurement of reflectance, color, and microhardness are treated in Chapters 5 and 6 along with overall schemes for employing these measurements in identification. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with ore mineral textures and paragenesis, and include a brief discussion of the study of fluid inclusions. Chapters 9 and 10 are concise discussions of many of the major ore mineral associations observed under the microscope. These discussions are not intended to be exhaustive, especially with regard to comments made on the genesis of the ores, but are designed to aid understanding by placing the ore mineral textures and associations in a broader geological context. Chapter 11 deals with the applications of ore microscopy in mineral technology. The appendices contain the data necessary to identify approximately 100 of the more common ore minerals-those likely to be encountered by the student in an introductory course andthose frequently encountered by the professional scientist. Key references to more detailed accounts are provided throughout the text. The dependence ofthe properties, textures, and associations of the minerals on their crystal chemistry, thermochemistry, and phase relations is an aspect of modern studies of ore minerals that is particularly emphasized. This second edition retains the overall structure of the first edition. Chapters 1and 2, dealing with the ore microscope and with the preparation of samples for ore microscopy, have been updated and revised to take account of technical developments. Chapters 3 and 4 deal with qualitative methods of mineral identification and with reflected light optics, and remain largely unchanged. Chapters 5 and 6 deal with quantitative methods in reflected-light microscopy and have been revised to include new technical developments and advances in theory. Chapters 7 and 8, dealing with ore mineral textures, paragenesis, formation conditions, and fluid inclusions, incorporate new data and examples. Chapters 9 and 10, which cover the most important examples of ore mineral assemblages, have been rewritten so as to incorporate many new references to original studies that have been performed in the years since the publication of the first edition. Developments have also taken place in the applications of ore microscopy in mineral technology and in the study of both the products of milling and concentration of ores,and the synthetic analogs of minerals that occur in metallurgical, corrosion, and waste products. As in the first edition, an important feature of this text is the incorporation of appendices detailing and tabulating the diagnostic properties of about 100 ofthe most common ore minerals. These data tabulations have been updated using the most recently available quantitative data. Another appendix, which briefly describes ancillary techniques for the study of ore minerals, has been extended to include the most recent innovations.

Description / Table of Contents: The 1957 great Aleutian earthquake.- The rupture process and tectonic implications of the great 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake.- Coseismic slip in the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake A new geodetic inversion.- Seismicity trends and potential for large earthquakes in the Alaska-Aleutian region.- Rupture process of large earthquakes in the northern Mexico subduction zone.- Global variability in subduction thrust zone-forearc systems.- Large thrust earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Description / Table of Contents: J. L. Smellie: Volcanism associated with extension at consuming plate margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:1, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.01 --- Tectonics and Magmatism --- Warren B. Hamilton: Subduction systems and magmatism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:3-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.02 --- Oceanic Arc Systems --- Peter D. Clift and ODP Leg 135 Scientific Party: Volcanism and sedimentation in a rifting island-arc terrain: an example from Tonga, SW Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:29-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.03 --- Julian A. Pearce, Michelle Ernewein, Sherman H. Bloomer, Lindsay M. Parson, Bramley J. Murton, and Lynn E. Johnson: Geochemistry of Lau Basin volcanic rocks: influence of ridge segmentation and arc proximity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:53-75, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.04 --- Ulrich Knittel and Oles Dietmar: Basaltic volcanism associated with extensional tectonics in the Taiwan-Luzon island arc: evidence for non-depleted sources and subduction zone enrichment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:77-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.05 --- M. R. Wharton, B. Hathway, and H. Colley: Volcanism associated with extension in an Oligocene—Miocene arc, southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:95-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.06 --- Rex N. Taylor and Robert W. Nesbitt: Arc volcanism in an extensional regime at the initiation of subduction: a geochemical study of Hahajima, Bonin Islands, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:115-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.07 --- C. Picard, M. Monzier, J.-P. Eissen, and C. Robin: Concomitant evolution of tectonic environment and magma geochemistry, Ambrym volcano (Vanuatu, New Hebrides arc) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:135-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.08 --- J. C. Aitchison and P. G. Flood: Gamilaroi Terrane: A Devonian rifted intra-oceanic island-arc assemblage, NSW, Australia. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:155-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.09 --- Continental Margin Arcs --- André Pouclet, Jin-Soo Lee, Philippe Vidal, Brian Cousens, and Hervé Bellon: Cretaceous to Cenozoic volcanism in South Korea and in the Sea of Japan: magmatic constraints on the opening of the back-arc basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:169-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.10 --- J. A. Gamble, I. C. Wright, J. D. Woodhead, and M. T. McCulloch: Arc and back-arc geochemistry in the southern Kermadec arc-Ngatoro Basin and offshore Taupo Volcanic Zone, SW Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:193-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.11 --- G. Pe-Piper, D. J. W. Piper, C. N. Kotopouli, and A. G. Panagos: Neogene volcanoes of Chios, Greece: the relative importance of subduction and back-arc extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:213-231, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.12 --- Nicholas Petford and Michael P. Atherton: Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanism and syn-subduction crustal extension in northern central Peru / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:233-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.13 --- Pavel Kepezhinskas: Diverse shoshonite magma series in the Kamchatka Arc: relationships between intra-arc extension and composition of alkaline magmas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:249-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.14 --- M. J. Hole, A. D. Saunders, G. Rogers, and M. A. Sykes: The relationship between alkaline magmatism, lithospheric extension and slab window formation along continental destructive plate margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 81:265-285, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.081.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: This book develops, for the first time, a qualitative model for the representation of spatial knowledge based only on locative relations between the objects involved. The core of this book is devoted to the study of qualitative inference methods that take into account the rich structure of space. These methods can be applied to quite a number of areas characterized by uncertain or incomplete knowledge, as for example geographic information systems, robot control, computer-aided architectural design, and natural language information systems.

Description / Table of Contents: Digital signal processing has become more and more an integral part of observational seismology. While it offers unprecedented power in extracting information from seismic signals, it comes at the price of having to learn a variety of new skills. Dealing with digital seismic data requires at least a basic understanding of digital signal processing. Taking the calculation of true ground motion as the guiding problem, this course covers the basic theory of linear systems, the design and analysis of simple digital filters, the effect of sampling and A/D conversion and an introduction to spectral analysis of digital signals. It contains a number of examples and exercises that can be reproduced using the PITSA software package (Scherbaum and Johnson 1993) or similar programs.

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE This volume contains a selection of papers presented and discussed at the COMTAGWorkshop on "Dynamics and Geomorphology of Mountain Rivers". COMTAG (Commission on Theory, Measurement and Application in Geomorphology) is a commission of the International Geographical Union (IGU). The meeting was held in the monastery of Benediktbeuern in the Bavarian Alps in June 1992. The main objective of the meeting was to review the most recent developments in research on river bed dynamics and bedload transport in mountain rivers. Questions of mountain torrent control and environmental protection were also addressed. The general theme of the meeting finds its appropriate scientific and spatial location in the long tradition of bedload transport studies carried out in the fluvially active German Alps, which are often affected by flood and mass movement hazards. The conference provided an impulse for discussions between researchers in the fields of mountain torrent hydrology, water resources management and bedload transport modelling. In the five years preceding the meeting the editors of this volume had headed a DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) project on "Bedload transport and river bed adjustment in the Lainbach catchment" within the priority programme "Fluvial Geomorphodynamics in the late Quaternary". Results of the investigations and newly developed measurement techniques were introduced to the participants during the meeting and an excursion to the nearby Lainbach River. The meeting was attended by sixty four scientists from fifteen countries. Thirty four papers were presented in sessions on bedload transport in mountain torrents, measurement techniques of solid material transport, mass movements and sediment supply, river bed adjustment and roughness characteristics of steep mountain torrents, models of bedload transport, and catastrophic flooding. From a regional perspective the majority of the contributions dealt with the Alps with a special focus on investigations carried out at the northern fringe of the Alps. Most of the papers presented were submitted for publication, and selected papers have been included in this volume. The workshop was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Commission of the European Communities (Directorate General for Science, Research and Development), the Freistaat Bayern (Ministerium fOr Unterricht, Kultur, Wissenschaft und Kunst) and the US-Army Research and Development Standardization Group. The participants and the organizers are grateful for these grants. We thank the president of COMTAG, Asher Schick, for his friendly support during the preparation and organization of the workshop. We are also very much indebted to the Kathoiische Stiftungsfachhochschule M~nchen and the Salesianer Don Bo~cos, Benediktbeuern, who opened the rooms of the monastery of Benedikbeuern for scientific sessions and social events during the conference. The organization of the meeting would not have been possible without the help of the local and regional administration, water and forest authorities. We highly appreciate this assistance. In addition, the editors thank the Springer-Verlag for the inclusion of the conference proceedings in this series and the colleagues F. Ahnert, J. Bathurst, W. Bechteler, I. Campbell, P. Carling, N.J. Clifford, S. Custer, T. Davies, A. Dittrich, R. Ferguson, K. Garleff, M. Hassan, R. Hey, H. Ibbeken, J. Karte, H. Keller, D. Knighton, J. Laronne, M. Meunier, M.D. Newson, D. Oostwoud-Wijdenes, I. Reed, K.S.Richards, A. Scheidegger and W. Symader for their valuable contributions as reviewers of the manuscripts that were submitted for this volume.

Description / Table of Contents: Knowledge of the relation between sonic velocity in sediments and rock lithology is one of the keys to interpreting data from seismic sections or from acoustic logs of sedimentary sequences. Reliable correlations of rock velocity with other petrophysical parameters, such as porosity or density, are essential for calculating impedance models for synthetic seismic sections (BIDDLE et al. , 1992; CAMPBELL and STAFLEU, 1992) or identifying the origin of reflectivity on seismic lines (SELLAMI et al. , 1990; CHRISTENSEN and SZYMANSKI, 1991). Velocity is thus an important parameter for correlating lithological with geophysical data. Recent studies have increased our understanding of elastic rock properties in siliciclastic or shaly sediments. The causes for variations in velocity have been investigated for siliciclastic rocks (VERNIK and NUR, 1992), mixed carbonate siliciclastic sediments (CHRISTENSEN and SZYMANSKI, 1991), synthetic sand-clay mixtures (MARION et aI. , 1992) or claystones (JAPSEN, 1993). The concepts derived from these studies are however only partly applicable in pure carbonates. Carbon­ ates do not have large compositional variations that are, as is the case in the other sedimentary rocks, responsible for velocity contrasts. Pure carbonates are character­ ized by the lack of any clay or siliciclastic content, but are mostly produced and deposited on the top or on the slope of isolated or detached carbonate platforms, that have no hinterland as a source of terrigeneous material (WILSON, 1975; EBERLI, 1991).

Description / Table of Contents: Andrew J. Fleet and Andrew C. Scott: Coal and coal-bearing strata as oil-prone source rocks: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.01 --- General Studies --- T. G. Powell and C. J. Boreham: Terrestrially sourced oils: where do they exist and what are our limits of knowledge? — a geochemical perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:11-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.02 --- Margaret E. Collinson, Pim F. Van Bergen, Andrew C. Scott, and Jan W. De Leeuw: The oil-generating potential of plants from coal and coal-bearing strata through time: a review with new evidence from Carboniferous plants / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:31-70, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.03 --- R. P. Philp: Geochemical characteristics of oils derived predominantly from terrigenous source materials / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:71-91, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.04 --- Scott A. Stout: Chemical heterogeneity among adjacent coal microlithotypes — implications for oil generation and primary migration from humic coal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:93-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.05 --- Duncan S. Macgregor: Coal-bearing strata as source rocks — a global overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:107-116, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.06 --- Case Histories --- S. Thompson, B. S. Cooper, and P. C. Barnard: Some examples and possible explanations for oil generation from coals and coaly sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:119-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.07 --- C. J. Matchette-Downes, A. E. Fallick, Karmajaya, and S. Rowland: A maturity and palaeoenvironmental assessment of condensates and oils from the North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:139-148, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.08 --- David J. Curry, John K. Emmett, and John W. Hunt: Geochemistry of aliphatic-rich coals in the Cooper Basin, Australia and Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: implications for the occurrence of potentially oil-generative coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:149-181, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.09 --- Mark A. Bagge and Martin L. Keeley: The oil potential of Mid-Jurassic coals in northern Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:183-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.10 --- Andrew C. Scott and Andrew J. Fleet: Coal and coal-bearing strata as oil-prone source rocks: current problems and future directions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 77:201-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.077.01.11

Description / Table of Contents: Definitions --- G. P. Riddler: What is a mineral resource? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.01 --- M. G. Armitage and M. F. A. Potts: Some comments on the classification of resources and reserves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:11-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.02 --- Z. Jakubiak and T. Smakowski: Classification of mineral reserves in the former Comecon countries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:17-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.03 --- Data --- P. D. Gribble: Fault interpretation from coal exploration borehole data using SURPAC2 software / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:29-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.04 --- W. Hatton: INTMOV: a program for the interactive analysis of spatial data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:37-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.05 --- C. P. Nathanail: Reserve assessment of a stratified deposit with special reference to opencast coal mining in Great Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:45-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.06 --- Deposit variability --- A. J. G. Notholt: Phosphate rock: factors in economic and technical evaluation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:53-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.07 --- T. M. Bell and M. K. G. Whateley: Evaluation of grade estimation techniques / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:67-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.08 --- P. A. Dowd: Optimal open pit design: sensitivity to estimated block values / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:87-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.09 --- M. J. Scoble and A. Moss: Dilution in underground bulk mining: implications for production management / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:95-108, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.10 --- E. J. Sides: Quantifying differences between computer models of orebody shapes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:109-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.11 --- Finance --- Patrick Gorman: A review and evaluation of the costs of exploration, acquisition and development of copper and gold projects in Chile / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:123-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.12 --- J. O’Leary: Mining project finance and the assessment of ore reserves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:129-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.13 --- Case histories --- P. A. Dowd: The optimal design of quarries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:141-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.14 --- S. Al-Hassan and A. E. Annels: Geostatistical estimation of manganese oxide resources at the Nsuta Mine / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:157-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.15 --- A. E. Annels, S. Ingram, and L. Malmstrom: Structural reconstruction and mineral resource evaluation at Zinkgruvan Mine, Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:171-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.16 --- J. Arthur and A. E. Annels: The application of geostatistical techniques to in situ resource estimation in the sand and gravel industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:191-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.17 --- R. I. Cameron and H. Middlemis: Computer modelling of dewatering a major open pit mine: case study from Nevada, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:207-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.18 --- L. A. Crump and R. Donnelly: Opencast coal mining: a unique opportunity for Clee Hill Quarry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:219-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.19 --- J. Barry, J. Guard, and G. Walton: Database management at the Lisheen deposit, Co. Tipperary, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:233-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.20 --- C. J. Mitchell: Laboratory evaluation of kaolin: a case study from Zambia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:241-247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.21 --- J. O’Leary: Cia Minera Los Pelambres: a project history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 79:249-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1994.079.01.22