ALBERT

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: I. Introduction --- 1. Computer Experiments of Space Plasmas --- II. Simulation Techniques --- 2. KEMPO1 --- 3. TRISTAN --- 4. MACRO-EM --- 5. HYBRID CODES --- 6. TWO-DIMENSIONAL MHD CODE --- 7. HIGH-PRECISION MHD SIMULATION --- 8. TUTORIAL FOR UNIX OPERATIONS --- III. Simulation Software --- 9. KEMPO1 --- 10. TRISTAN --- 11. MACROEM --- 12. HYBRID1 --- 13. MHD2 --- 14. WAVE

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Starting from a more general discussion of mechanisms controlling organic carbon deposition in marine environments and indicators useful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, this study concentrates on detailed organic-geochemical and sedimentological investigations of late Cenozoic deep-sea sediments from (1) the Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea (ODP-Leg 105), (2) the upwelling area off Northwest Africa (ODP-Leg 108), and (3) the Sea of Japan (ODP-Leg 128). Of major interest are shortas well as long-term changes in organic carbon accumulation during the past 20 m.y. As shown in the data from ODP-Legs 105, 108, and 128, sediments characterized by similar high organic carbon contents can be deposited in very different environments. Thus, simple total organic carbon data do not allow (i) to distinguish between different factors controlling organic carbon enrichment and (ii) to reconstruct the depositional history of these sediments. Data on both quantity and composition of the organic matter, however, provide important informations about the depositional environment and allow detailed reconstructions of the evolution of paleoclimate, paleoceanic circulation, and paleoproductivity in these areas. The results have significant implications for quantitative models of the mechanisms of climatic change. Furthermore, the data may also help to explain the formation of fossil black shales, i.e., hydrocarbon source rocks. (1) BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA The Miocene to Quaternary sediments at Baffin Bay Site 645 are characterized by relatively high organic carbon contents, most of which range from 0.5% to almost 3%. This organic carbon enrichment was mainly controlled by increased supply .of terrigenous organic matter throughout the entire time interval. Two distinct maxima were identified: (i) a middle Miocene maximum, possibly reflecting a dense vegetation cover and fluvial sediment supply from adjacent islands, that decreased during late Miocene and early Pliocene time because of expansion of tundra vegetation due to global climatic deterioration; (ii) a late Pliocene-Pleistocene maximum possibly caused by glacial erosion and meltwater outwash. Significant amounts of marine organic carbon were accumulated in western Baffin Bay during middle Miocene time, indicating higher surface-water productivity (up to about 150 gC m -2 y-l) resulted from the inflow of cold and nutrient-rich Arctic water masses. The decrease in average surface-water productivity to values similar to those of the modern Baffin Bay was recorded during the late Miocene and was probably caused by the development of a seasonal sea-ice cover. At Labrador Sea Sites 646 and 647, organic carbon contents are low varying between 0.10% and 0.75%; the origin of most of the organic matter probably is marine. A major increase in organic carbon accumulation at Site 646 at about 7.2 Ma may indicate increased surface-water productivity triggered by the onset of the cold East-Greeniand Current system. Near 2.4 Ma, i.e., parallel to the development of major Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, accumulation rates of both organic carbon and biogenic opal decreased, suggesting a reduced surface-water productivity because of the development of dosed seasonal sea-ice cover in the northern Labrador Sea. The influence of varying sea-ice cover on surface-water productivity is also documented in the short-term glacial/interglacial fluctuations in organic carbon deposition at Sites 646 and 647. (2) UPWELLING AREAS OFF NORTHWEST AFRICA The upper Pliocene-Quaternary sediments at coastal-upwelling Site 658 are characterized by high organic carbon contents of 4%; the organic matter is a mixture of marine and terrigenous material with a dominance of the marine proportion. The upper Miocene to Quaternary pelagic sediments from close-by non-upwelling Sites 657 and 659, on the other hand, display low organic carbon values of less than 0.5%. Only in turbidites and slumps occasionally intercalated at the latter two sites, high organic carbon values of up to 3% occur. The high accumulation rates of marine organic carbon recorded at Site 658 reflect the high-productivity upwelling environment. Paleoproductivity varies between 100 and 400 gC m "2 y-1 during the past 3.6 m.y. and is clearly triggered by changes in global climate. However, there is no simple relationship between climate and organic carbon supply, i.e., it is not possble to postulate that productivity was generally higher at Site 658 during glacials than during interglacials or vice versa. Changes in the relative importance between upwelling activity (which was increased during glacial intervals) and fluvial nutrient supply (which was increased during interglacial intervals) may have caused the complex productivity record at Site 658. Most of the maximum productivity values, for example, were recorded at peak interglacials and at terminations indicating the importance of local fluvial nutrient supply at Site 658. Near 0.5 Ma, a long-term decrease in paleoproductivity occurs, probably indicating a decrease in fluvial nutrient supply and/or a change in nutrient "content of the upwelled waters. The former explanation is supported by the contemporaneous decrease in terrigenous organic carbon and (river-borne) clay supply suggesting an increase in long-term aridity in the Central Sahara. At Site 660, underneath the Northern Equatorial Divergence Zone, (marine) organic carbon values of up to 1.5% were recorded in upper Pliocene-Quaternary sediments. During the last 2.5 Ma, the glacial sediments are carbonate-lean and enriched in organic carbon probably caused by the influence of a carbonate-dissolving and oxygen-poor deep-water mass. (3) SEA OF JAPAN Based on preliminary results of organic-geochemical investigations, the Miocene to Quaternary sediments from ODP-Sites 798 (Oki Ridge) and 799 (Kita-Yamato-Trough) are characterized by high organic carbon contents of up to 6%; the organic matter is a mixture between marine and terrigenous material. Dominant mechanisms controlling (marine) organic carbon enrichments are probably high-surface water productivity and increased preservations rates under anoxic deep-water conditions. In the lower Pliocene sediments at Site 798 and the Miocene to Quaternary sediments at Site 799, rapid burial of organic carbon in turbidites may have occurred episodically. Distinct cycles of dark laminated sediments with organic carbon values of more than 5% and light bioturbated to homogenous sediments with lower organic carbon contents indicate dramatic shortterm paleoceanographic variations. More detailed records of accumulation rates of marine and terrigenous organic carbon and biogenic opal as well as a detailed oxygen isotope stratigraphy are required for a more precise reconstruction of the environmental history of the Sea of Japan through late Cenozoic time.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cellular growth is an important crystal growth process and offers an interesting example of natural pattern formation. The present work has been undertaken to study cellular growth, especially its pattern formation, both experimentally and numerically. In situ observations of faceted cellular growth clearly revealed cellular interactions in the array of cells. Cell tip splitting and loss of cells were observed to be the two main mechanisms for the adjustment of cell spacings during growth. For the first time, the true time-dependent faceted cellular growth has been modelled properly. The time evolution of faceted cellular growth has demonstrated the dynamical features of cellular growth processes. It was shown that the pattern formation was determined by cellular interactions in the array, either transient or persistent depending on the growth condition. The cellular structures were irregular when persistent interactions occurred, whereas relatively regular structures could be formed once the transient interactions had stopped. As a result of cellular interactions, a finite range of stable cell spacings was found under a given growth condition. Numerical experiments were carried out for k 〉 1 and k 〈 1 (where k is the solute partition coefficient), under a number of different growth conditions. It was found that these two cases were not symmetric as far as solute distribution is concerned; however the pattern formation behaviours were similar. For k 〉 1 shallow cells were retained, while for k 〈 1, the formation of liquid grooves along the cell boundary depended on the growth condition. The solute effect plays an important role in the cellular interactions in the array. The results were compared with experimental observations in thin film silicon single crystals. It is felt that a general behaviour of pattern formation is found and should be expected for other processes such as non-faceted cellular or eutectic growth. In addition, the solute flow in steady state cellular array growth was studied using the point source technique. Preliminary work was carried out to measure steady state non-faceted cell shapes. Heat flow in zone melting was studied numerically.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE Following the economical and social development of the local communities, mountain regions of temperate climates are increasingly becoming the site of valuable infrastructures and important urban and industrial settlements. As the catastrophic events of last years in the European Alps have clearly shown, the vulnerability of these territories has correspondingly increased, in terms of both property damage and losses of human life. Until recently, the hydraulic scientific community has paid little attention to mountain watersheds, except perhaps during the period if the hydropower development. Nevertheless attention was then focused on problems and methodologies somewhat different from the issues of actual environmental concern. More recently, however, hydraulic engineers have joined their colleagues from forest and rural engineering, who have traditionally dealt with erosion control in mountain areas, to bring in their own methodology, already experienced in lowland rivers. At the same time, academic people focused an interest in some phenomena, like massive transport, which is typical of mountain environment. To bring together all these contributions and to make the state of the art of the mountain river science (oropotamology) and technology, an International Workshop was called at the University of Trent (Italy), on October 1989, under the sponsorship of Fluvial Hydraulic Section of the IAHR. Three main topics have been recognized as particularly relevant from the point of view of both research and professivnal people: a) Hydrodynamics of steep channels and local scale process; b) Sediment movement and sediment training, with special emphasis on massive transport; c) Particular features of sediment transport related to non-uniform grain-size. However, as it is the case in these circumstances, the contest of several contributions often spread over more than one topic. In the following Introduction to papers, the three topics were split into 11 Sections, each one devoted to a more particular aspect recurrently addressed during the discussion. The same paper, thus, may be mentioned in different Sections of the Introduction.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Pages 1-13 / Maars of the Westeifel, Germany / G. Büchel --- Pages 15-60 / Syn- and post-eruptive mechanism of the Alaskan Ukinrek Maars in 1977 / G. Büchel, V. Lorenz --- Pages 61-80 / Maars and maar lakes of the Westeifel Volcanic Field / Jörg F. W. Negendank, Bernd Zolitschka --- Pages 81-94 / Maars of northern Auvergne (Massif Central, France): State of knowledge / E. Juvigné, G. Camus, A. de Goër de Herve --- Pages 95-107 / Palaeoenvironmental investigations on long sediment cores from volcanic lakes of Lazio (central Italy)—An overview / Maria Follieri, Donatella Magri, Biancamaria Narcisi --- Pages 109-116 / Geophysical mapping of organic sediments / Stefan Wende, Reinhard Kirsch --- Pages 117-118 / Preliminary uniboom survey of the Monticchio Lakes (southern Italy) / A. Stefanon --- Pages 119-128 / Sonar investigations in the Laghi di Monticchio (Mt. Vúlture, Italy) / Ralph B. Hansen --- Pages 129-148 / Climatic and tectonic effects on sedimentation in central Italian volcano lakes (Latium)—Implications from high resolution seismic profiles / F. Niessen, A. Lami, P. Guilizzoni --- Pages 149-161 / Sediments and basin analysis of Lake Schalkenmehrener Maar / T. Heinz, B. Rein, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 163-171 / Organic carbon contents of sediments from Lake Schalkenmehrener Maar: A paleoclimate indicator / B. Rein, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 173-194 / Basin analysis for selected time-frames using sedimentation rates in Lake Meerfelder Maar (Westeifel FRG) / F. Wegner, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 195-208 / Turbidites in the sediments of Lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany) and the explanation of suspension sediments / D. Drohmann, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 209-222 / Paleoclimate reconstruction at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition—A varve dated microstratigraphic record from Lake Meerfelder Maar (Westeifel, Germany) / D. Poth, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 223-235 / Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Late- and Postglacial sedimentary record of Lake Weinfelder Maar / A. Brauer, J. F. W. Negendank --- Pages 237-275 / Sedimentology and paleoenvironment from the Maar Lac du Bouchet for the last climatic cycle, 0-120,000 years (Massif Central, France) / Elisabeth Truze, Kerry Kelts --- Pages 277-288 / Lago Grande di Monticchio (southern Italy) a high resolution sedimentary record of the last 70,000 years / Bernd Zolitschka, Jörg F. W. Negendank --- Pages 289-304 / A multidisciplinary study of the Vico Maar sequence (Latium, Italy): Part of the last cycle in the Mediterranean area. Preliminary results / P. Francus, S. Leroy, I. Mergeai, G. Seret, G. Wansard --- Pages 305-316 / Environmental geology and geochemistry of lake sediments (Holzmaar, Eifwl, Germany) / B. G. Lottermoser, R. Oberhänsli, B. Zolitschka, J. F. W. Negendank, U. Schütz… --- Pages 317-332 / Geochemistry of Lago Grande di Monticchio, S. Italy / C. Robinson, G. B. Shimmield, K. M. Creer --- Pages 333-348 / Tephrochronology of core C from Lago Grande di Monticchio / Anthony J. Newton, Andrew J. Dugmore --- Pages 349-365 / A palaeomagnetic study of maar-lake sediments from the Westeifel / B. Haverkamp, Th. Beuker --- Pages 367-376 / Preliminary 50m palaeomagnetic records from Lac du Bouchet, Haute Loire, France / T. Williams, K. M. Creer, N. Thouveny --- Pages 377-392 / Palaeomagnetic investigations of Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy / Ian Turton --- Pages 393-420 / Late-Glacial/Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. I. Cladocera / Wolfgang Hofmann --- Pages 421-433 / Late-glacial/Holocene changes of the climatic and trophic conditions in three Eifel maar lakes, as indicated by faunal remains. II. Chironomidae (Diptera) / Wolfgang Hofmann --- Pages 435-439 / Ostracoda (Crustacea) and trichoptera (Insecta) from Late-and Postglacial sediments of some European maar lakes / Burkhard W. Scharf --- Pages 441-446 / Oligocence dinoflagellate-cysts in Quaternary freshwater sediments of Eifel maars / H. Weiler --- Pages 447-465 / Tertiary maars of the Hocheifel Volcanic Field, Germany / G. Büchel, M. Pirrung --- Pages 467-476 / Some aspects of Cenozoic maar sediments in Europe: the source-rock potential and their exceptionally good fossil preservation / W. Zimmerle --- Pages 477-484 / Palaeoecological implications from the sedimentary record of a subtropical maar lake (Eocene Eckfelder Maar; Germany) / Bernd Zolitschka --- Pages 485-489 / Arthropods from the Eocene Eckfelder Maar (Eifel, Germany) as a source for paleoecological information / H. Lutz --- Pages 491-497 / Flowers from the Middle Eocene of Eckfeld (Eifel, Germany)— First results / H. Frankenhäuser, V. Wilde --- Pages 499-503 / Initial results on the importance of a flora from the Middle Eocene of Eckfeld (Eifel, W.-Germany) / V. Wilde, H. Frankenhäuser --- Pages 505-509 / International Maar Deep Drilling Project (MDDP) a challenge for earth sciences? / Jörg F. W. Negendank, Bernd Zolitschka

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE This book represents the first attempt in three decades to marshall out available information on the regional geology of Africa for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Geologic education in African universities is severely hampered by the lack of a textbook on African regional geology. This situation is greatly exacerbated by the inability of most African universities to purchase reference books and maintain journal subscriptions. Besides, geologic information about Africa is so widely dispersed that a balanced and comprehensive course content on Africa is beyond the routine preparation of lecture notes by university teachers. Since geology is a universal subject and Africa is one of the largest landmasses on Earth with one of the longest continuous records of Earth history, there is no doubt that geologic education in other parts of the world will benefit from a comprehensive presentation of African geologic case histories. The scope of this text also addresses the need of the professional geologist, who may require some general or background information about an unfamiliar African geologic region or age interval. Africa occupies a central position in the world's mineral raw materials trade. Because of its enormous extent and great geologic age, the diversity and size of Africa's mineral endowment is unparalleled. Africa is the leading source of gold, diamond, uranium, and dominates the world's supply of strategic minerals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, and platinum. Consequently, African nations from Algeria to Zimbabwe depend solely on mineral exports for economic survival. The geologic factors which govern economic mineral deposits are stressed in this text. The geological history of Africa spans 3.8 billion years, a record that is unique both in duration and continuity. Few other parts of our planet match the plethora of geologic phenomena and processes that are displayed in the African continent. From the various stages of crustal evolution decipherable from the Archean of southern Africa, through the plate tectonics scenarios in the ubiquitous Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic Pan-African mobile belts and in the Hercynian and Alpine orogenies of northwest Africa, to the East African Rift Valley, Africa is replete with excellent examples and problems for a course on regional tectonics. Teachers of igneous and metamorphic petrology can hardly ignore Africa's anorogenic magmatism (e.g.. layered ultramafic intrusives such as the Great Dyke and the Bushveld Complex; the Tete gabbro-anorthosite pluton; alkaline complexes; basaltic volcanism), or tantalizing highgrade metamorphic terranes such as the Limpopo belt, the Namaqua mobile belt, and the Mozambique belt. From the extensive Precambrian supracrustal sequences throughout the continent with enormous thicknesses of sedimentary rocks that have hardly been deformed or metamorphosed, to the stratigraphic evolution of Africa's present-day passive continental margin, there is a complete spectrum of facies models upon which to base a course on basin analysis and stratigraphy. To maintain its integrity a course on historical geology anywhere in the world must address the theory of Continental Drift beyond invoking past continuities between West Africa and South America. Past connections between West Africa and eastern North America must equally be explored, so also connections between northeast Africa and Arabia, and the paleogeography of southern Gondwana where Africa occupied centre stage. The Precambrian fossil record, the transitions from reptiles to the earliest mammals and dinosaurs, and the evolution of Man are among Africa's unique contributions to the history of life and the story of organic evolution. Although it lies today in the tropics Africa was the theatre of the Earth's most-spectacular glaciations. Even after the scene of continental glaciation had shifted to the northern continents only lately during the Pleistocene, Africa still witnessed spectacular climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary. Certainly students of archeology and paleoanthropology cannot overlook the Quaternary paleoenvironmental record of the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, the Lake Turkana basin in Kenya, the Nile valley, the Sahara, and southern Africa. But since African examples have already been cited in standard geologic textbook, I have often been asked why it has become necessary to revive the idea of a full-length textbook on African geology, 30 years after this idea was abandoned by the geologic community. My simple answer, as already stated, is that the wealth of available geologic information about Africa is so enormous and fascinating, but so diffuse, that an attempt must be made to assemble and pass on this knowledge.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE Sedimentation as a Three-Component System describes the most common styles of deposition in marine environments as they relate to sediment composition. Three components, organic matter, carbonate, and siliciclastic sediment, may settle concurrently, but at different rates, intermixing on the sea floor to form a particular sediment composition. A change in the flux of one component is capable of relatively diluting or concentrating the other two components, which can be expressed in the characteristic ratio of organic carbon to carbonate in the resulting sediment. The basic concept of this book is to address organic carbon-carbonate associations in terms of depositional inputs and time spans. In addition, the three-component system describes organic carbon changes related to major facies transitions. Examples include models of the genesis of carbonaceous sediments, with their various laminated to bioturbated lithotypes, and numerical organic carbon prediction. I hope that this book will encourage stimulating discussions and promote a new approach to quantitative stratigraphy...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The present interest in sediments which are rich in organic matter results not only from their economic significance as potential oil and gas source rocks, but also from the fact that their deposition is the result of special environments. Subtle changes in the environmental conditions may result in great variations in the geochemical and petrographical characteristics of the organic matter. Therefore, the study of organic matter-rich sediments can provide a key to past sedimentary conditions. In addition, the elucidation of the depositional controls is of importance for oil and gas exploration strategies, for which the knowledge of source rock distribution and quality is critical. Furthermore, organic matter reacts extremely sensitive to changes in temperature during burial. The result of this sensitivity is the generation of volatile products such as carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, oil and gas and a reorganization of the solid organic residue. Some of these changes are quantified as maturity parameters which can be used as calibration tools in basin modelling, i.e., in the modelling of temperature histories of sedimentary basins. The use of maturity parameters and other organic matter characteristics as indicators for diagenetic conditions and depositional processes is, however, restricted, if analyses are performed on outcrop samples, because weathering also affects organic matter.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION Ecometry concerns measurements and interpretation of ecological data and relationships between data. It deals with most matters involved in the scientific aspects of the representativity and information value of samples and does not, in fact, concern statistical methods. In particular, ecometry can be regarded as an approach to obtain so-called load models and load diagrammes (effect-dose-sensitivity diagrammes), which are one of the aims/final products in aquatic environmental consequence analysis (H~- kanson, 1990; all these terms will be explained later on). This publication is meant to demonstrate what can and cannot be done using ecometric approaches. It must be emphasized at the outset that the main intention here is not to provide new radioecological knowledge on how Cs-137 is dispersed in aquatic ecosystems after the Chernobyl accident and is taken up in fish, but to use Cs-137 as a type substance and pike as a biological indicator to go through methods which should also apply to other types of environmentally hazardous substances (it could just as well have been substance X in ecosystem Y). As a secondary effect, we may also learn something about Cs-137. Several terms and methods, which have not been used earlier in the aquatic environmental sciences, e.g., ecometric analysis and dynamic modelling using moderators, will be discussed and defined...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION The study is essentially empirical, since it portrays and appraises two different water management systems, and relates them to one another. Yet the analysis has also been made with definite research aims in mind. Its focus has been narrowed down to the environmental assessment of urban water management systems in arid and semi-arid regions, especially with an eye to deal with information problems in the Developing World. The study addresses a set of very critical issues of global concern, and, thus, delineates a crucial topic for international research. The fact that a wide range of critical issues usually complicates and aggravates the given problem setting provides the comparative analysis with a special practical incentive to explore the opportunities for joint strategies and comprehensive solutions. However, the complexities involved between water management and the environment and the relative lack of a joint theory in that field pose certain difficulties to such an undertaking. In order to fully appreciate the underlying purpose of the study and the scope of its implications, the various facets of the problem setting and the essential ingredients of the general line of approach have first to be unravelled and expounded at some length. Above all, it needs to be shown how these facets combine to produce the complex, burning issues which in turn seem to, both in theory and practice, require correspondingly intricate, strategic approaches for their solutions...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 3-22 --- 1.1 The Nature of Shock Waves, pp. 3-5 --- 1.2 Compaction of Powders and Shock Activation, pp. 6-9 --- 1.3 First-Order Phase Transitions and Chemical Reactions, pp. 10-12 --- 1.4 Time Scales and Interactions of Basic Mechanisms, p. 12 --- 1.4.1 Shock propagation in a particle assemblage, p. 12 --- 1.4.2 Energy localization, pp. 12-13 --- 1.4.3 Thermal relaxation of hot spots, p. 14 --- 1.4.4 Mass diffusion in solids, p. 14 --- 1.4.5 Kinetic constants, pp. 14-16 --- 1.5 Some Roles of Shock Compression Techniques in Material Sciences Study, p. 16 --- 1.5.1 Shock compression technique as a tool of high pressure production, p. 16 --- 1.5.2 Appearance of diamond anvil-type high-pressure apparatus, pp. 16-18 --- 1.5.3 New roles of shock compression technology as a unique method of very high temperature production, pp. 18-19 --- 1.5.4 Development of conventional hypervelocity impact techniques for precise measurement of materials under shock compression, pp. 19-21 --- FUNDAMENTALS OF SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 23-78 --- 2.1 Hydrodynamic Jump Conditions and the Hugoniot Curve, pp. 23-32 --- 2.2 Shock Transition in Hydrodynamic Solids, pp. 32-42 --- 2.3 Non-Hydrostatic Deformation of Solids, p. 42 --- 2.3.1 Elastic-ideally-plastic solids, pp. 42-53 --- 2.3.2 Experimental observations of elastic-plastic behavior, pp. 53-56 --- 2.4 Wave-body interactions, pp. 56-57 --- 2.4.1 Preliminaries, pp. 57-60 --- 2.4.2 Planar impact of similar and dissimilar bodies, pp. 60-61 --- 2.4.3 Shock wave interaction with material boundaries, pp. 61-64 --- 2.4.4 Wave-wave interactions, pp. 65-66 --- 2.4.5 Detonation wave and interaction with a solid surface, pp. 66-77 --- SHOCK COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 79-115 --- 3.1 Gun Techniques, p. 80 --- 3.1.1 Single stage gun, p. 80 --- 3.1.2 Conventional two stage light gas gun, pp. 80-83 --- 3.1.3 Velocity measurement of projectile, p. 83 --- 3.1.4 Magnetoflyer method, pp. 83-84 --- 3.1.5 CW x-ray velocity meter, pp. 84-86 --- 3.1.6 Measurement of interior projectile motion, pp. 86-87 --- 3.1.7 Recovery experiments, pp. 87-89 --- 3.2 Explosive Techniques, p. 89 --- 3.2.1 Plane shock wave generation and recovery fixture, pp. 89-91 --- 3.2.2 Numerical simulaation of shock compression in the recovery capsule, pp. 91-94 --- 3.2.3 Cylindrical recovery fixture, pp. 94-95 --- 3.3 In-situ Measurements, p. 95 --- 3.3.1 Manganin pressure gauge, pp. 95-98 --- 3.3.2 Particle velocity gauge, pp. 99-100 --- 3.3.3 Observations of multiple shock reverberations by using a manganin pressure gauge and particle velocity gauge, pp. 100-106 --- 3.3.4 Shock temperature measurement, pp. 106-111 --- 3.3.5 Copper-Constantan thermocouple as a temperature and pressure gauge, pp. 111-113 --- THERMOMECHANICS OF POWDER COMPACTION AND MASS MIXING --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 117-170 --- 4.1 A One Dimensional Particulate Model, pp. 117-123 --- 4.2 Continuum Models, p. 123 --- 4.2.1 Hydrodynamic models, pp. 124-141 --- 4.2.2 Continuum plasticity theory, pp. 141-148 --- 4.2.3 Application, pp. 148-154 --- 4.3 Particle Bonding and Heterogeneous Processes, pp. 154-160 --- 4.4 Mass Mixing, pp. 160-169 --- THERMOCHEMISTRY OF HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 171-225 --- 5.1 Thermodynamic Functions of Heterogeneous Mixtures, pp. 172-187 --- 5.2 Analytical Equations of State, pp. 187-191 --- 5.3 Hugoniots of Inert Mixtures, p. 191 --- 5.3.1 Thermodynamically equilibrium models, pp. 191-197 --- 5.3.2 Mechanical models, pp. 197-199 --- 5.4 First-Order Phase Transitions, pp. 199-206 --- 5.5 Chemical Equilibria, pp. 206-212 --- 5.6 Reaction Kinetics, p. 212 --- 5.6.1 Rate equations, pp. 212-214 --- 5.6.2 Nucleation, pp. 214-216 --- 5.6.3 Growth, pp. 216-217 --- 5.6.4 Pressure effects, pp. 217-218 --- 5.7 Shock-Induced Reactions in Powder Mixtures, pp. 218-224 --- HYDRODYNAMICAL CALCULATIONS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 227-276 --- 6.1 Conservation Equations of Continuum Flow, pp. 227-228 --- 6.1.1 Mass conservation, pp. 228-230 --- 6.1.2 Conservation of linear momentum, pp. 230-231 --- 6.1.3 Enegy conservation, pp. 231-234 --- 6.2 Constitutive Modeling of Inorganic Shock Chemistry, pp. 234-235 --- 6.2.1 VIR model, pp. 235-239 --- 6.2.2 Pore collapse, p. 239 --- 6.2.3 Chemical kinetics, pp. 239-240 --- 6.2.4 Computational constitutive reactions, pp. 240-245 --- 6.3 Applications of the VIR Model, p. 245 --- 6.3.1 Shock wave profiles in Ni/Al powder mixtures, pp. 245-250 --- 6.3.2 Compaction of diamond with Si and graphite, pp. 250-257 --- 6.4 Continuum Mixture Theory and the VIR Model, p. 257 --- 6.4.1 Continuum mixture theory, pp. 257-263 --- 6.4.2 Derivation of the VIR model using the CMT, pp. 263-269 --- 6.4.3 A model of heterogeneous flow, pp. 269-275 --- SHOCK CONDITIONING AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 277-360 --- 7.1 Shock Conditioning of Powder of Inorganic Materials, p. 227 --- 7.1.1 Brief review of shock conditioning studies, p. 227 --- 7.1.2 Aluminum oxide powder, pp. 277-281 --- 7.2 Shock Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, p. 281 --- 7.2.1 Shock synthesis studies, p. 281 --- 7.2.2 High dense forms of carbon, pp. 281-285 --- 7.2.3 High dense forms of boron nitride, pp. 285-287 --- 7.2.4 Shock treatment of boron nitride powders, pp. 287-301 --- 7.3 Shock Consolidation of Ceramic Powders, p. 301 --- 7.3.1 Why non-oxide ceramics?, pp. 301-302 --- 7.3.2 Dynamic consolidation of SiC powders, pp. 302-304 --- 7.3.3 Approach to the fabrication of crack free compacts, pp. 304-305 --- 7.3.4 Shock consolidation of SiC powder utilizing post shock heating by exothermic reaction, pp. 305-310 --- 7.4 Dynamic Compaction of Zinc Blende Type Boron Nitride and Diamond Powders, p. 310 --- 7.4.1 Background, pp. 310-311 --- 7.4.2 Cubic boron nitride, pp. 311-318 --- 7.4.3 Diamond, pp. 318-326 --- 7.4.4 Diamond composites obtained by utilizzing exothermic chemical reaction, pp. 326-332 --- 7.5 Very High Pressure Sintering of Shock Treated Powders, pp. 332-334 --- 7.5.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 334-336 --- 7.5.2 w-BN, pp. 336-346 --- 7.6 Rapid Condensation of High Temperature Ultrasupersaturated Gas, p. 346 --- 7.6.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 346-352 --- 7.6.2 Carbon, pp. 352-357

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION The International Summer School of Theoretical Geodesy on Satellite Altimetry in Geodesy and Oceanography was held in Trieste (Italy) from May 25 to June 6, igg2. It was organized by Prof. R. Rummel of the Delft University of Technology and by Prof. F. Sansò of the Politecnico di Milano and was attended by 63 participants and 7 lecturers from 17 countries. The School was hosted by the International Centre of Theoretical Physics of Trieste. Satellite altimetry provides a lot of data that require more and more sophisticated models in order to be interpreted and exploited. One of the main problems related to the practical treatment of the data can be summarized as follows: oceanographers would like to ask geodesists to compute precise orbits and a precise geoid in order to put into evidence the Sea Surface Topography that can be interpreted as an oceanographic signal related to currents and to several physical parameters; on the other hand, geodesists would like to ask oceanographers to a-priori determine the Sea Surface Topography, in order to be able to extract from the altimeter data the geoid and the orbit errors to be used in the gravity field modelling. The solution to this dilemma can only be found in a cooperative frame. An integrated model to be used for a single-step treatment of altimetry is probably far to be defined, so at present geodesists and oceanographers must cooperate to obtain step-wise and iterative modelling of the gravity field and of the oceanographic phenomena. This is precisely the reason why the school on Satellite Altimetry was organized on an interdisciplinary basis...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE Some of the major ecological and social problems of the present and future are the production, treatment, and disposal of anthropogenic wastes. Iaais is equally true for sparsely and densely populated industrial areas, including large countries in which sites for waste disposal would seem to be readily available. Especially nonradioactive hazardous wastes with their long-term toxicity need to be isolated from the biosphere just as effectively as radioactive substances. The long-term safety required of waste disposal sites can only be assured under specific geological and mineralogical conditions in certain parts of the lithosphere (underground repositories). The subjects related to the production, avoidance, treatment, and disposal of anthropogenic wastes cover a range of knowledge encompassing the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, and law. This work presents some fundamental situations and problems conceming the disposal of toxic hazardous wastes which have been dealt with in several research projects. The individual chapters are related scientifically. Long-term, effective solutions to our waste problems can only be found when interrelationships and possible future developments are considered. Only the current status of this rapidly developing field can be discussed here. The individual chapters contain scientifically founded data and observations. Other aspects for which there are still controversial opinions and arguments are also discussed, which should stimulate further thought. Further developments and scientific advances can only be achieved by constantly challenging previous theories, and not through static observation and narrow-mindedness. The most extensive quantification possible of the problems related to disposal of hazardous wastes is an essential aim of our work. This not only involves calculating the volume of waste and available repository space, but also compiling data on the long-term effects and the safe, long-term isolation of anthropogenic wastes from the biosphere. A simple description of conditions and processes without using concrete data, which is still widespread, is rejected since it frequently leads to pure speculation. The scientific fundamentals and results presented in this work are of general validity for many questions concerning waste disposal. One example is the amount of waste produced annually in Germany, in which toxic, hazardous wastes play a major role. FoIlowing this train of thought, available data are used to show how limited the possibilities are for the long-term safe underground deposition of hazardous wastes with respect to the current quantities of waste. Of utmost importance is information on the 10ng-term effects of toxic wastes, as well as criteria which have to be considered with respect to the long-term safe deposition of hazardous waste. The natural chemical cycles and material transport in the various zones of the earth are the focus of interest here. They are the scientific basis for assessing every repository for anthropogenic wastes in geological systems. Therefore the significance of material transport and geochemical cycles is emphasized regarding all questions concerning the long-term safety of repositories on the earth's surface and in the lithosphere. Thus, our concept for the scientific evaluation of the long-term safety of underground repositories in geological systems differs from all other models presently under discussion in Germany. In this work, marine evaporites are discussed with respect to the underground deposition of hazardous wastes and the long-term safety of underground repositories in salt rocks. The isolation of hazardous materials from the biosphere can above all be influenced by fluid phases. Fluid phases can mobilize and transport hazardous materials through rocks in the biosphere. This is true, without exception, for all magmatic, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, and for marine evaporites, too! In Germany evaporites have commonly been considered to be completely impermeable with respect to fluid phases (solutions and gases). This erroneous view stems from a complete lack of knowledge or misestimation of the dynamic evolution of the composition of evaporite bodies. Unfortunately, this is still true today for parts of some state agencies which deal with repositories. However, all observations of evaporite bodies made over the last more than 100 years have clearly shown that under certain conditions fluid and gaseous components are mobile in evaporites as well. Solutions in marine evaporites have been the object of personal interest and scientific research of A.G. Herrmann for 40 years. The occurrence and formation of salt solutions in the various salt mining districts of Germany are presently being restudied and reevaluated on an extended scientific basis (e.g., v. BORSTEL 1992). A presentation of the current knowledge on salt solutions is beyond the scope of this publication. However, in the interest of continuing research a research project proposed by A.G. Herrmann (1987b) will be introduced here. The direct quantitative analysis of the chemical composition (quatemary and quinary systems) of small fluid inclusions in rocks of the salt deposits of Hessen and Niedersachsen are the primary focus of this project. Information important to fundamental research on the formation and alteration of salt rocks and on the long-term safety of underground repositories should be gained from these studies (e.g., HERRMANN & v. BORSTEL 1991). In addition to salt solutions, gases are also fluid components which occur in practically all marine evaporite deposits. Hence, both salt solutions and gases must be carefully considered when planning underground repositories in an evaporite body and evaluating their long-term safety. This publication contains an up-to-date overview of the gas occurrences in the marine evaporites of Central Europe. Despite previous studies, there is still a considerable deficit in scientific information regarding the distribution and formation of gases in the evaporites occurring in Germany. A detailed research program on the geochemical relationships involving the formation of evaporites and gases will draw attention to this situation. One aspect must be emphasized in the planning and construction of repositories for anthropogenic wastes: their long-term safety. This publication deals precisely with this subject, and in Part III of this work we will present the concept that we have developed. This concept is based on the fact that evaporite bodies are subject to a dynamic evolution and that the chemical and mineralogical composition provides important information on the effect of fluid phases on salt rocks. Previous works contain the testing of methods and presented initial results using the Gorleben salt dome as an example. However, we are just at the beginning of our research project on the long-term safety of underground repositories (e.g., HERRMANN & KNIPPING 1989, HERRMANN 1992). The information contained in this publication is based on years of experience in evaporite research and underground repositories for anthropogenic wastes. Examples are presented which can be applied to similar situations and problems in other countries. Waste disposal is not just a national problem, it has long become an international one for all types of anthropogenic wastes...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 1. Primitive Solar Nebula --- Evolution of Magnetized Dense Clouds / T. Nakano, T. Nakamura, T. Terasawa, and Y. Sano / pp. 1-28 --- Molecular Outflows—Observational Signature for the Earliest Phase of Stellar Evolution— / Y. Fukui, A. Mizuno, H. Ogawa, and K. Kawabata / pp. 29-45 --- Observational Evidence of Transition between Protostellar Objects and T Tauri Stars / S. Sato / pp. 47-57 --- Jet Formation and Enhanced Accretion due to Magnetic Effects in Protostellar Objects / Y. Uchida / pp. 59-77 --- Shear Instability of the Solar Nebula / M. Sekiya, S. M. Miyama, and Y. Nakagawa / pp. 79-88 --- Magnetic Fossil of the Solar Nebula Observed in Meteorites / T. Nagata / pp. 89-103 --- Experimental Demonstration of Formations of Tetrataenite and Pyrrhotite / C. Kaito and Y. Saito / pp. 105-112 --- Synthesis of Carbonaceous and Siliceous Materials / A. Sakata and S. Wada / pp. 113-127 --- Chapter 2. Origin of Giant Planets --- Scenario of Formation Processes of the Giant Planets / H. Oya / pp. 129-134 --- Giant Planetary Systems—A Review— / H. Oya / pp. 135-193 --- Accumulation of Materials for the Formation of the Giant Planets—Ring Model under the Flow-out Motion of Disc Gas— / H. Oya / pp. 195-220 --- Nonlinear Evolution of the Accumulation Processes of the Material for Formation of the Giant Planets in the Primeval Solar System / H. Oya and M. Iizima / pp. 221-240 --- Simulation Studies on the Formation Processes of the Saturnian Ringlets / H. Oya, M. Miyauchi, T. Imai, and M. Iizima / pp. 241-164 --- Chapter 3. Origin of the Terrestrial Planets --- Elementary Processes in Planetary Accretion / K. Nakazawa, S. Ida, and K. Ohtsuki / pp. 265-280 --- Experimental Simulation of Collisions / A. Fujiwara, A. Nakamura, M. Kato, and Y. Takagi / pp. 281-295 --- Scaling Law on Impact Phenomena / H. Mizutani / pp. 297-317 --- Numerical Simulation of Planetary Growth / M. Hayakawa and H. Mizutani / pp. 319-340 --- Deformation of Porous Ice-Rock Mixtures and an Application to the Densification of Icy Satellites / N. Maeno, M. Arakawa, and J. Leliwa-Kopystynski / pp. 341-353 --- Chapter 4. Origin of Meteorites --- Precise Determination of the Age of Formation of Meteorites / K. Takahashi and A. Masuda / pp. 355-373 --- Chemical Differentiation during Collision and Accretion of Meteorite Parent Bodies / H. Takeda / pp. 375-394 --- Isotope Variations of Light Elements in Chondrites—Ion Microprobe Studies— / C. Uyeda, H. Nishimura, and J. Okano / pp. 395-408 --- Trace Element Fractionation during the Formation of Chondrules / N. Nakamura / pp. 409-425 --- Vaporization and Condensation of Chondritic Materials—Experimental Studies— / H. Nagahara, 1. Kushiro, and B. O. Mysen / pp. 427-446 --- Metamorphic Processes in New CI Carbonaceous Chondrites from Antarctica: Mineralogy and Petrology / K. Tomeoka / pp. 447-464 --- Evolution and Alteration Process of the CM Carbonaceous Chondrites / H. Kojima and K. Yanai / pp. 465-477 --- Structure and Chemistry of Carbon in Meteorites / T. Murae, H. Kagi, and A. Masuda / pp. 479-501 --- Chapter 5. Origin and Evolution of the Terrestrial Atmosphere --- 244Pu Fission Xe in the Mantle and Mantle Degassing Chronology / M. Ozima, S. Azuma, S. Zashu, and H. Hiyagon / pp. 503-517 --- The Noble Gases in the Venusian Atmosphere and the Fukutomi Chondrite / N. Takaoka / pp. 519-526 --- Formation of Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets from Volatiles in Solid (Meteoritelike) Material / N. Sugiura / pp. 527-543 --- Early Evolution of the Terrestrial Planets: Accretion, Atmosphere Formation, and Thermal History / T. Matsui / pp. 545-559 --- Existence of Life and Creation of Atmospheric Environment / S. Moriyama / pp. 561-577 --- Chapter 6. Exploration of the Solar System—Halley Mission— --- Interaction of Plasma of Halley's Comet with the Solar Wind / H. Oya / pp. 579-614 --- Plasma Environment of Comet Hally Observed by Suisei / T. Terasawa and S. Takahashi / pp. 615-628 --- Modelling Study of the Cometary Ly α Brightness from a Time-varying H2O Source / O. Ashihara / pp. 629-643 --- Cometary Dust / T. Mukai / pp. 645-662 --- The Origin of Comets as Viewed from the Gaseous Composition / T. Yamamoto / pp. 663-677

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION "The geological history, as expressed by the stratigraphic column, is basically composed of cycles of sedimentation, stratification and magmatism which correlate with relative changes in sea level determined in turn by different types of crustal movements. The classical sequence of stages "transgression - inundation - differentiation - regression - emergence" is believed to reflect the deformation phases of a geotectonic cycle" (Wezel,1988: p.37). The concept of geotectonic cycle is fundamental in geology because it links tectonics with sedimentary processes. According to Wezel (1988) the geotectonic cycle is an expression of cyclic variations in the behavior of the crust; more precisely,it is a geodynamic response to the Earth's variations in the rate of rotation (Mörner,19869 Whyte,1977~ Carey,1976).Based on a global analysis of geotectonic data, synchronous episodes of intense global swelling, governed by cyclically ordered diastrophic processes, were identified (Wezel,1985;1988). The process leading to these swells was termed krikogenesis (Wezel, 1988).It basically consists of not steady, localized, migratory vertical movements linked to mantle diapirism and concentrated in single zones.The overlying crust adjusts itself to mantle motions induced by krikogenesis, with the formation of transient troughs and swells ('touche-de-piano' tectonics).This mechanism was individuated in several areas (Wezel,1988). The history of the Earth is described by six episodes that repeat in the same way in the course of geological time.Their duration progressively decreases:the first cycle has a duration of about 200 million years, the following,younger cycles lasted 150, 115, 65, A5 and 20 m.y. ...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: INTRODUCTION Humic substances, comprise a class of biogenic, coloured, organic substances that are ubiquitous in soil, sediment and water. Originally, the occurrence and nature of humic substances were regarded as issues of primarily academic interest. This situation is now rapidly changing, and studies of humics have gained recognition as important contributions to environmental science. In particular it has been shown that humic substances, in several different ways can interact with biologically active substances, thereby modifying their environmental impact. Whereas the history of soil humus studies goes back to the 19th century, the awareness of aquatic humus is more recent. The brownish colour that, in many surface waters, shows the presence of substantial amounts of humic substances, was long considered to be a harmless phenomenon that did not call for detailed investigations. Hnmic waters had few known toxic effects, and the refractory character of hnmic substances indicated the they played a peripheral role in most biochemical processes. In fact, it was not until the mid 70's that aquatic humus was brought into focus in environmental science. The event trigging this was the discovery of the interaction between humic substances and chlorine used for disinfection of drinking water. Toxic substances, such as chloroform, were detected in all chlorinated waters, and humic substances were identified as the main precursors. The role of humics in the mobilization and subsequent transport of trace elements in the environment was recognized for the first time in the early 80's. This role was considered to be of particular importance in connection with geologic storage of high-level radioactive waste. In water with "normal" concentration levels of humic compounds, the speciation of e.g. the trivalent actinides, would be entirely dominated by the complexation with these agents. The topics of this conference (Session 1 - Isolation, fractionation and characterization; Session 2 - Biological and chemical transformation and degradation; Session 3 - Complex formation and interactions with solids; Session 4 - Biological activity; and session 5 Halogenation of humic substances) were selected to represent areas of current environmental interest...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE Turbidity currents have been comprehensively studied in the past although much remains unknown about both their flow characteristics and resultant sedimentary deposits. Much of this uncertainty arises from the catastrophic nature of their formation which makes them difficult to study in the environment, and has resulted in the majority of studies being experimental or theoretical. Experiments have shown that reversals in the flow of density currents can be associated with the generation of internal solitary waves. This is in contrast to the belief held by many workers that the reversal of a turbidity current simply generates an identical flow travelling in the opposite direction. This book arose from the need for a detailed experimental study to examine the effects and to consider the consequences of density current reversals from a variety of obstructions to their flow. The first part of this book comprises a detailed review of literature covering the fluid dynamics and sedimentology relevant to the experimental study (chapter one). Chapter two presents the results from the comprehensive experimental programme which are discussed and compared with appropiate theoretical hypotheses. This permits the synthesis of a model for the general features of flows that result from the incidence of density currents upon obstructions to the flow. The application of this model to both modern and ancient turbidite systems is then discussed in chapter three. This book is suitable for earth scientists with an interest in the dynamics of turbidity currents. In addition, workers from other fields such as applied maths, meteorology and engineering who have an interest in density currents and bores in practical situations may find it useful...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: PREFACE The application of thermal analysis to earth science has a long history. This is evidenced by the extensive coverages by Mackenzie (1957, 1970), Langier-Kuzniarowa (1967), Schultze (1971), Liptay (t973), Smykatz- Kloss (1974), Todor (1976) and Heide (1982). The chief thermal method has been differential thermal analysis (DTA). Additionally, thermogravimetry (TG; Duval, 1963; Keattch, 1969; Earnest, 1988) and thermodilatometry (Schomburg & Strörr, 1984) have gained some importance. All these methods are still widely ltsed. But recently several new techniques have gained attention, such as thermomagnetometry, thermomechanical analysis and thermosonimetry. Improved equipment made possible the application of thermal methods to problems in thermodynamics and kinetics (e.g. by means of differential scanning calorimetry, DSC). This progress in the construction of new instruments as well as the combination of existing methods to enable simultaneous determinations (e.g. TG/DTA; TG/IR spectroscopy; DTA/mass spectrometry; DTA/microscopy; high-pressure DTA) have led to a resurgence in the use and application of thermal analysis in the earth sciences. Here the applications cover such diverse areas as the examination of individual minerals, mineral mixtures, rocks, soils, ceramics, cements, raw materials as well as their industrial evaluation, performance assessment and quality control. In the field of solid fossil fuels thermal determinations range from proximate analysis of inorganic constituents and the measurement of calorific values to the assessment of the environmental aspects of fly ashes and mineral residues. To support this tendency, the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis (ICTA) has recently founded a "Committee for Thermal Analysis in Geosciences". The aim of this committee shall be to discuss, improve and distribute the knowledge about the possibilities of solving geoscientific questions by means of thermal analytic methods...

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Papers from an international meeting held at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks in August, 1990

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ing within the downgoing plate, and appears to be assoeiated with segmentation of the subdueting plate produeed by forees related to the subduetion of the Louisville Ridge. To analyze fault plane heterogeneities in the northern Solomon Islands subdue­ tion segment and their association with rupture eharaeteristics in general and the existenee of earthquake doublets in partieular, Xv and SCHWARTZ study in detail two sets of doublets, from 1974 and 1975, and then reloeate 85 underthrusting events in the area. The authors find that few smaller magnitude events overlap asperity regions, and that the majority of small magnitude underthrusting earth­ quak es oeeupy a segment that has never experieneed a magnitude greater than 7.0 earthquake in the historie times. It will be of great value to soeiety when seismologists and geophysieists are able to monitor and prediet the pattern of geophysieal phenomena assoeiated with subduetion; this issue presents a modest step towards this goal. PAGEOPH, Vol. 140, No. 2 (1993) 0033 ~4553;93;020 183 ~ 28$1.50 + 0.20;0 © 1993 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel Slip Partitioning along Major Convergent Plate Boundaries 2 GUANG YU,l STEVEN G. WESNOUSKY,l and GÖRAN EKSTRÖM Abstract-Along plate boundaries characterized by oblique convergence, earthquake slip vectors are commonly rotated toward the normal of the trench with respect to predicted plate motion vectors. Consequently, relative plate motion along such convergent margins must be partitioned between displacements along the thrust plate interface and deformation within the foreare and back-are regions.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: K. Pye: Introduction: the nature and significance of aeolian sedimentary systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.01 --- Aeolian Mechanics and Dune Morphodynamics --- Ian K. McEwan and Brian B. Willetts: Sand transport by wind: a review of the current conceptual model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:7-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.02 --- Jack Hardisty, Helen L. Rouse, and Samantha Hart: Gain function analysis of sand transport in a turbulent air flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:17-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.03 --- Jennifer R. Burkinshaw, Werner K. Illenberger, and Izak C. Rust: Wind-speed profiles over a reversing transverse dune / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:25-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.04 --- Giles F. S. Wiggs: Desert dune dynamics and the evaluation of shear velocity: an integrated approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:37-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.05 --- Desert Dunefields --- Ann G. Wintle: Luminescence dating of aeolian sands: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:49-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.06 --- Stephen R. Edwards: Luminescence dating of sand from the Kelso Dunes, California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:59-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.07 --- H. M. Rendell, A. Yair, and H. Tsoar: Thermoluminescence dating of periods of sand movement and linear dune formation in the northern Negev, Israel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:69-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.08 --- Stephen Stokes and Carol S. Breed: A chronostratigraphic re-evaluation of the Tusayan Dunes, Moenkopi Plateau and southern Ward Terrace, Northeastern Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:75-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.09 --- Ian Livingstone and David S. G. Thomas: Modes of linear dune activity and their palaeoenvironmental significance: an evaluation with reference to southern African examples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:91-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.10 --- Mary Crabaugh and Gary Kocurek: Entrada Sandstone: an example of a wet aeolian system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:103-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.11 --- Tapan Chakraborty and A. K. Chaudhuri: Fluvial-aeolian interactions in a Proterozoic alluvial plain: example from the Mancheral Quartzite, Sullavai Group, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:127-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.12 --- Coastal Dunefields --- Norbert P. Psuty: Foredune morphology and sediment budget, Perdido Key, Florida, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:145-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.13 --- Abhilasha Wal and John McManus: Wind regime and sand transport on a coastal beach-dune complex, Tentsmuir, eastern Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:159-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.14 --- R. W. G. Carter and Peter Wilson: Aeolian processes and deposits in northwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:173-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.15 --- Lluisa Cros and Jordi Serra: A complex dune system in Baix Empordà (Catalonia, Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:191-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.16 --- Kenneth Pye and Adrian Neal: Late Holocene dune formation on the Sefton coast, northwest England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:201-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.17 --- Rita A. M. Gardner and Susan J. McLaren: Progressive vadose diagenesis in late Quaternary aeolianite deposits? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:219-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.18 --- Susan J. McLaren: Use of cement types in the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of coastal aeolianite sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:235-244, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.19 --- Temperate and Cold Climate Continental Dunes --- Eduard A. Koster, Ilona I. Y. Castel, and Ron L. Nap: Genesis and sedimentary structures of late Holocene aeolian drift sands in northwest Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:247-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.20 --- Matti Seppälä: Climbing and falling sand dunes in Finnish Lapland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:269-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.21 --- Dust and Loess --- Geneviève Coudé-Gaussen and Pierre Rognon: Contrasting origin and character of Pleistocene and Holocene dust falls on the Canary Islands and southern Morocco: genetic and climatic significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:277-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.22 --- Pei-Ying Li and Li-Ping Zhou: Occurrence and palaeoenvironmental implications of the Late Pleistocene loess along the eastern coasts of the Bohai Sea, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:293-309, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.23 --- Timothy C. Rolph, John Shaw, Edward Derbyshire, and Wang Jingtai: The magnetic mineralogy of a loess section near Lanzhou, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 72:311-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.072.01.24

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Colin P. North and D. Jeremy Prosser: Characterization of fluvial and aeolian reservoirs: problems and approaches / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.01 --- Fluvial Reservoirs --- M. R. Leeder: Tectonic controls upon drainage basin development, river channel migration and alluvial architecture: implications for hydrocarbon reservoir development and characterization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:7-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.02 --- Mary J. Kraus and Thomas M. Bown: Palaeosols and sandbody prediction in alluvial sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:23-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.03 --- T. Salter: Fluvial scour and incision: models for their influence on the development of realistic reservoir geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:33-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.04 --- Judith K. Maizels: Quantitative regime modelling of fluvial depositional sequences: application to Holocene stratigraphy of humid-glacial braid-plains (Icelandic sandurs) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:53-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.05 --- M. C. Cuevas Gozalo and A. W. Martinius: Outcrop data-base for the geological characterization of fluvial reservoirs: an example from distal fluvial fan deposits in the Loranca Basin, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:79-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.06 --- David K. Davies, Brian P. J. Williams, and Richard K. Vessell: Dimensions and quality of reservoirs originating in low and high sinuosity channel systems, Lower Cretaceous Travis Peak Formation, East Texas, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:95-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.07 --- J. Alexander and R. L. Gawthorpe: The complex nature of a Jurassic multistorey, alluvial sandstone body, Whitby, North Yorkshire / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:123-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.08 --- Julie A. Jones and Adrian J. Hartley: Reservoir characteristics of a braid-plain depositional system: the Upper Carboniferous Pennant Sandstone of South Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:143-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.09 --- S. B. Kelly: Cyclical discharge variation recorded in alluvial sediments: an example from the Devonian of southwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:157-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.10 --- Aeolian Reservoirs --- Steven G. Fryberger: A review of aeolian bounding surfaces, with examples from the Permian Minnelusa Formation, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:167-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.11 --- Robert D. Herries: Contrasting styles of fluvial-aeolian interaction at a downwind erg margin: Jurassic Kayenta-Navajo transition, northeastern Arizona, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:199-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.12 --- Nigel H. Trewin: Mixed aeolian sandsheet and fluvial deposits in the Tumblagooda Sandstone, Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:219-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.13 --- Greig Cowan: Identification and significance of aeolian deposits within the dominantly fluvial Sherwood Sandstone Group of the East Irish Sea Basin UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:231-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.14 --- Neil S. Meadows and Alastair Beach: Structural and climatic controls on facies distribution in a mixed fluvial and aeolian reservoir: the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone in the Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:247-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.15 --- D. Ellis: The Rough Gas Field: distribution of Permian aeolian and non-aeolian reservoir facies and their impact on field development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:265-277, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.16 --- G. E. Strong: Diagenesis of Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group rocks, Preston, Lancashire, UK: a possible evaporitic cement precursor to secondary porosity? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:279-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.17 --- Gareth T. George and Jeremy K. Berry: A new lithostratigraphy and depositional model for the Upper Rotliegend of the UK Sector of the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:291-319, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.18 --- Structure --- Helen Lewis and Gary D. Couples: Production evidence for geological heterogeneities in the Anschutz Ranch East Field, western USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:321-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.19 --- H. Ewart Edwards, Andrew D. Becker, and John A. Howell: Compartmentalization of an aeolian sandstone by structural heterogeneities: Permo-Triassic Hopeman Sandstone, Moray Firth, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:339-365, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.20 --- Methods --- L. W. Lake and M. A. Malik: Modelling fluid flow through geologically realistic media / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:367-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.21 --- D. J. Prosser and R. Maskall: Permeability variation within aeolian sandstone: a case study using core cut sub-parallel to slipface bedding, the Auk Field, Central North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:377-397, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.22 --- D. Rey, P. Turner, and A. Yaliz: Palaeomagnetic study and magnetostratigraphy of the Triassic Skagerrak Formation, Crawford Field, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:399-420, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.23 --- R. L. Gawthorpe, R. E. Li Collier, J. Alexander, J. S. Bridge, and M. R. Leeder: Ground penetrating radar: application to sandbody geometry and heterogeneity studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:421-432, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.24 --- P. W. M. Corbett and J. L. Jensen: Quantification of variability in laminated sediments: a role for the probe permeameter in improved reservoir characterization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 73:433-442, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.073.01.25

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: M. P. Searle and P. J. Treloar: Himalayan Tectonics — an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.01 --- Karakoram and Afghanistan --- Alessandro Caporali: Recent gravity measurements in the Karakoram / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:9-20, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.02 --- Andrea Zanchi: Structural evolution of the North Karakoram cover, North Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:21-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.03 --- Maurizio Gaetani, Flavio Jadoul, Elisabetta Erba, and Eduardo Garzanti: Jurassic and Cretaceous orogenic events in the North Karakoram: age constraints from sedimentary rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:39-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.04 --- M. B. Crawford and M. P. Searle: Collision-related granitoid magmatism and crustal structure of the Hunza Karakoram, North Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:53-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.05 --- Peter J. Treloar and Christopher N. Izatt: Tectonics of the Himalayan collision between the Indian Plate and the Afghan Block: a synthesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:69-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.06 --- North and West Pakistan --- Zulfiqar Ahmed: Leucocratic rocks from the Bela ophiolite, Khuzdar District, Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:89-100, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.07 --- Mohammad Arif and M. Qasim Jan: Chemistry of chromite and associated phases from the Shangla ultramafic body in the Indus suture zone of Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:101-112, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.08 --- M. Qasim Jan, M. Asif Khan, and M. Sufyan Qazi: The Sapat mafic-ultramafic complex, Kohistan arc, North Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:113-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.09 --- M. Asif Khan, M. Qasim Jan, and B. L. Weaver: Evolution of the lower arc crust in Kohistan, N. Pakistan: temporal arc magmatism through early, mature and intra-arc rift stages / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:123-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.10 --- M. A. Sullivan, B. F. Windley, A. D. Saunders, J. R. Haynes, and D. C. Rex: A palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Dir Group: evidence for magmatic arc migration within Kohistan, N. Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:139-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.11 --- Ugo Pognante, Piera Benna, and Patrick Le Fort: High-pressure metamorphism in the High Himalayan Crystallines of the Stak valley, northeastern Nanga Parbat-Haramosh syntaxis, Pakistan Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:161-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.12 --- Mark T. George, Nigel B. W. Harris, and Robert W. H. Butler: The tectonic implications of contrasting granite magmatism between the Kohistan island arc and the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif, Pakistan Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:173-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.13 --- V. S. Cronin, G. J. Schurter, and K. A. Sverdrup: Preliminary Landsat lineament analysis of the northern Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif, northwest Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:193-206, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.14 --- Joseph A. Dipietro, Kevin R. Pogue, Robert D. Lawrence, Mirza S. Baig, Ahmad Hussain, and Irshad Ahmad: Stratigraphy south of the Main Mantle Thrust, Lower Swat, Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:207-220, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.15 --- Antonio Greco and David A. Spencer: A section through the Indian Plate, Kaghan Valley, NW Himalaya, Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:221-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.16 --- Tethyan Himalaya --- J. C. Vannay and L. Spring: Geochemistry of the continental basalts within the Tethyan Himalaya of Lahul-Spiti and SE Zanskar, northwest India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:237-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.17 --- L. Spring, F. Bussy, J.-C. Vannay, S. Huon, and M. A. Cosca: Early Permian granitic dykes of alkaline affinity in the Indian High Himalaya of Upper Lahul and SE Zanskar: geochemical characterization and geotectonic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:251-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.18 --- A. Steck, L. Spring, J.-C. Vannay, H. Masson, H. Bucher, E. Stutz, R. Marchant, and J.-C. Tieche: The tectonic evolution of the Northwestern Himalaya in eastern Ladakh and Lahul, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:265-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.19 --- Eduardo Garzanti: Sedimentary evolution and drowning of a passive margin shelf (Giumal Group; Zanskar Tethys Himalaya, India): palaeoenvironmental changes during final break-up of Gondwanaland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:277-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.20 --- Alastair H. F. Robertson and Paul J. Degnan: Sedimentology and tectonic implications of the Lamayuru Complex: deep-water facies of the Indian passive margin, Indus Suture Zone, Ladakh Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:299-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.21 --- High Himalaya --- Ugo Pognante and Piera Benna: Metamorphic zonation, migmatization and leucogranites along the Everest transect of Eastern Nepal and Tibet: record of an exhumation history / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:323-340, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.22 --- Bruno Lombardo, Piero Pertusati, and Sandro Borghi: Geology and tectonomagmatic evolution of the eastern Himalaya along the Chomolungma-Makalu transect / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:341-355, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.23 --- Christian Schneider and Ludwig Masch: The metamorphism of the Tibetan Series from the Manang area, Marsyandi Valley, Central Nepal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:357-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.24 --- Steven M. Reddy, Michael P. Searle, and John A. Massey: Structural evolution of the High Himalayan Gneiss sequence, Langtang Valley, Nepal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:375-389, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.25 --- Nigel Harris, John Massey, and Simon Inger: The role of fluids in the formation of High Himalayan leucogranites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:391-400, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.26 --- Philip England and Peter Molnar: Cause and effect among thrust and normal faulting, anatectic melting and exhumation in the Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:401-411, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.27 --- S. Guillot, A. Pêcher, P. Rochette, and P. Le Fort: The emplacement of the Manaslu granite of Central Nepal: field and magnetic susceptibility constraints / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:413-428, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.28 --- M. P. Searle, R. P. Metcalfe, A. J. Rex, and M. J. Norry: Field relations, petrogenesis and emplacement of the Bhagirathi leucogranite, Garhwal Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:429-444, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.29 --- R. C. Patel, Sandeep Singh, A. Asokan, R. M. Manickavasagam, and A. K. Jain: Extensional tectonics in the Himalayan orogen, Zanskar, NW India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:445-459, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.30 --- Richard L. Brown and Jeffrey H. Nazarchuk: Annapurna detachment fault in the Greater Himalaya of central Nepal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:461-473, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.31 --- Main Central Thrust Zone --- Bernhard Grasemann: Numerical modelling of the thermal history of the NW Himalayas, Kullu Valley, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:475-484, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.32 --- R. P. Metcalfe: Pressure, temperature and time constraints on metamorphism across the Main Central Thrust zone and High Himalayan Slab in the Garhwal Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:485-509, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.33 --- K. Meier and E. Hiltner: Deformation and metamorphism within the Main Central Thrust zone, Arun Tectonic Window, eastern Nepal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:511-523, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.34 --- C. W. K. Morrison and G. J. H. Oliver: A study of illite crystallinity and fluid inclusions in the Kathmandu Klippe and the Main Central Thrust zone, Nepal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:525-540, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.35 --- Main Bioundary Thrust, Lesser Himalaya and Beyond --- Yanina Najman, Peter Clift, Michael R. W. Johnson, and Alastair H. F. Robertson: Early stages of foreland basin evolution in the Lesser Himalaya, N India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:541-558, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.36 --- David A. Pivnik and William J. Sercombe: Compression- and transpression-related deformation in the Kohat Plateau, NW Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:559-580, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.37 --- James W. McDougall, Ahmad Hussain, and Robert S. Yeats: The Main Boundary Thrust and propagation of deformation into the foreland fold-and-thrust belt in northern Pakistan near the Indus River / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:581-588, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.38 --- I. A. K. Jadoon, R. D. Lawrence, and R. J. Lillie: Evolution of foreland structures: an example from the Sulaiman thrust lobe of Pakistan, southwest of the Himalayas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:589-602, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.39 --- Christian France-Lanord, Louis Derry, and Annie Michard: Evolution of the Himalaya since Miocene time: isotopic and sedimentological evidence from the Bengal Fan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 74:603-621, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.40

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Image sequence processing is becoming a tremendous tool to analyze spatio-temporal data in all areas of natural science. It is the key to studythe dynamics of of complex scientific phenomena. Methods from computer science and the field of application are merged establishing new interdisciplinary research areas. This monograph emerged from scientific applications and thus is an example for such an interdisciplinaryapproach. It is addressed both to computer scientists and to researchers from other fields who are applying methods of computer vision. The results presented are mostly from environmental physics (oceanography) but they will be illuminating and helpful for researchers applying similar methods in other areas.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The study of non-linear dynamical systems nowadays is an intricate mixture of analysis, geometry, algebra and measure theory and this book takes all aspects into account.Presenting the contents of its author' graduate courses in non-linear dynamical systems, this volume aims at researchers who wish to be acquainted with the more theoretical and fundamental subjects in non-linear dynamics and is designed to link the popular literature with research papers and monographs.All of the subjects covered in this book are extensively dealt with and presented in a pedagogic form. These include the presentation of an environment for the route to chaos by quasi-periodicity (which is related to the Landau-Lifschitz and Ruelle-Takens scenario's concerning the onset of turbulence); the theories of 1-dimensional dynamics, singularities in planar vector fields, and quasi-periodicity in dissipative systems.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Mantle and Magmatic Processes --- George P. L. Walker: Basaltic-volcano systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:3-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.01 --- M. J. O’Hara: Trace element geochemical effects of imperfect crystal-liquid separation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:39-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.02 --- Alexander R. McBirney: Differentiated rocks of the Galapagos hotspot / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:61-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.03 --- Martin A. Menzies, Weiming Fan, and Ming Zhang: Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of 〉120 km of Archaean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:71-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.04 --- Ophiolites and Oceanic Crust --- Alastair Robertson and Costas Xenophontos: Development of concepts concerning the Troodos ophiolite and adjacent units in Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:85-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.05 --- Dorothee Dietrich and Sara Spencer: Spreading-induced faulting and fracturing of oceanic crust: examples from the Sheeted Dyke Complex of the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:121-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.06 --- C. J. MacLeod and B. J. Murton: Structure and tectonic evolution of the Southern Troodos Transform Fault Zone, Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:141-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.07 --- J. Malpas, T. Calon, and G. Squires: The development of a late Cretaceous microplate suture zone in SW Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:177-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.08 --- A. W. Shelton: Troodos revisited: the Mount Olympus gravity anomaly / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:197-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.09 --- Alan G. Smith: Tectonic significance of the Hellenic-Dinaric ophiolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:213-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.10 --- I. D. Bartholomew: The interaction and geometries of diapiric uprise centres along mid-ocean ridges — evidence from mantle fabric studies of ophiolite complexes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:245-256, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.11 --- Stephen Roberts and Christopher Neary: Petrogenesis of ophiolitic chromitite / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:257-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.12 --- H. M. Prichard and R. A. Lord: An overview of the PGE concentrations in the Shetland ophiolite complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:273-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.13 --- H. Elderfield, R. A. Mills, and M. D. Rudnicki: Geochemical and thermal fluxes, high-temperature venting and diffuse flow from mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems: the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 26°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:295-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.14 --- Martin A. Menzies, Andrew Long, Gerry Ingram, Matthew Tatnell, and David Janecky: MORB peridotite-sea water interaction: experimental constraints on the behaviour of trace elements, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:309-322, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.15 --- Tectonics and Convergent Margins --- J. F. Dewey, P. D. Ryan, and T. B. Andersen: Orogenic uplift and collapse, crustal thickness, fabrics and metamorphic phase changes: the role of eclogites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:325-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.16 --- Robert M. Shackleton: Tectonics of the Mozambique Belt in East Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:345-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.17 --- N. B. W. Harris, C. J. Hawkesworth, and A. G. Tindle: The growth of continental crust during the Late Proterozoic: geochemical evidence from the Arabian Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:363-371, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.18 --- Julian A. Pearce and Ian J. Parkinson: Trace element models for mantle melting: application to volcanic arc petrogenesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:373-403, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.19 --- Peter J. Wyllie and Michael B. Wolf: Amphibolite dehydration-melting: sorting out the solidus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:405-416, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.20 --- Claudio Vita-Finzi: Evaluating Late Quaternary uplift in Greece and Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:417-424, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.21 --- Continental Rifting --- Ray Macdonald and Brian G. J. Upton: The Proterozoic Gardar rift zone, south Greenland: comparisons with the East African Rift System / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:427-442, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.22 --- K. G. Cox, N. Charnley, R. C. O. Gill, and K. A. Parish: Alkali basalts from Shuqra, Yemen: magmas generated in the crust-mantle transition zone? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:443-453, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.23 --- N. W. Rogers: The isotope and trace element geochemistry of basalts from the volcanic islands of the southern Red Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:455-467, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.24 --- Jon M. Davis, Wolfgang E. Elston, and Chris J. Hawkesworth: Basic and intermediate volcanism of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field: implications for mid-Tertiary tectonic transitions in southwestern New Mexico, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:469-488, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.25 --- George P. L. Walker: Re-evaluation of inclined intrusive sheets and dykes in the Cuillins volcano, Isle of Skye / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:489-497, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.26 --- Analytical Techniques --- Philip J. Potts, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Peter van Calsteren, and Ian P. Wright: Advances in analytical technology and its influence on the development of modern inorganic geochemistry: a historical perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 76:501-520, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.27

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: G. D. Williams: Tectonics and seismic sequence stratigraphy: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.01 --- J. A. Cartwright, R. C. Haddock, and L. M. Pinheiro: The lateral extent of sequence boundaries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:15-34, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.02 --- Sarah Prosser: Rift-related linked depositional systems and their seismic expression / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:35-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.03 --- David Waltham, Stuart Hardy, and Abdulnaser Abousetta: Sediment geometries and domino faulting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:67-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.04 --- Alan M. Roberts, Graham Yielding, and Michael E. Badley: Tectonic and bathymetric controls on stratigraphic sequences within evolving half-graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:87-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.05 --- Aidan M. Joy: Comments on the pattern of post-rift subsidence in the Central and Northern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:123-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.06 --- W. G. Higgs and K. R. McClay: Analogue sandbox modelling of Miocene extensional faulting in the Outer Moray Firth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:141-162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.07 --- M. P. R. Light, M. P. Maslanyj, R. J. Greenwood, and N. L. Banks: Seismic sequence stratigraphy and tectonics offshore Namibia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:163-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.08 --- Joachim Deramond, Pierre Souquet, Marie-José Fondecave-Wallez, and Martin Specht: Relationships between thrust tectonics and sequence stratigraphy surfaces in foredeeps: model and examples from the Pyrenees (Cretaceous-Eocene, France, Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 71:193-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.071.01.09

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: C. S. Bristow and J. L. Best: Braided rivers: perspectives and problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:1-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.01 --- John S. Bridge: The interaction between channel geometry, water flow, sediment transport and deposition in braided rivers / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:13-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.02 --- R. I. Ferguson: Understanding braiding processes in gravel-bed rivers: progress and unsolved problems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:73-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.03 --- N. J. Clifford, J. Hardisty, J. R. French, and S. Hart: Downstream variation in bed material characteristics: a turbulence-controlled form-process feedback mechanism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:89-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.04 --- P. F. Friend and R. Sinha: Braiding and meandering parameters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:105-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.05 --- M. S. E. Robertson-Rintoul and K. S. Richards: Braided-channel pattern and palaeohydrology using an index of total sinuosity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:113-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.06 --- J. O. Leddy, P. J. Ashworth, and J. L. Best: Mechanisms of anabranch avulsion within gravel-bed braided rivers: observations from a scaled physical model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:119-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.07 --- Peter Ashmore: Anabranch confluence kinetics and sedimentation processes in gravel-braided streams / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:129-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.08 --- Christoph Siegenthaler and Peter Huggenberger: Pleistocene Rhine gravel: deposits of a braided river system with dominant pool preservation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:147-162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.09 --- Peter Huggenberger: Radar facies: recognition of facies patterns and heterogeneities within Pleistocene Rhine gravels, NE Switzerland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:163-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.10 --- Peter A. Bentham, Peter J. Talling, and Douglas W. Burbank: Braided stream and flood-plain deposition in a rapidly aggrading basin: the Escanilla formation, Spanish Pyrenees / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:177-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.11 --- Keith Richards, Shobhit Chandra, and Peter Friend: Avulsive channel systems: characteristics and examples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:195-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.12 --- David G. Passmore, Mark G. Macklin, Paul A. Brewer, John Lewin, Barbara T. Rumsby, and Malcolm D. Newson: Variability of late Holocene braiding in Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:205-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.13 --- David J. Gilvear: River management and conservation issues on formerly braided river systems; the case of the River Tay, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:231-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.14 --- J. Warburton, T. R. H. Davies, and M. G. Mandl: A meso-scale field investigation of channel change and floodplain characteristics in an upland braided gravel-bed river, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:241-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.15 --- Colin R. Thorne, Andrew P. G. Russell, and Muhammad K. Alam: Planform pattern and channel evolution of the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:257-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.16 --- C. S. Bristow: Sedimentary structures exposed in bar tops in the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:277-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.17 --- C. S. Bristow: Sedimentology of the Rough Rock: a Carboniferous braided river sheet sandstone in northern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:291-304, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.18 --- Andrew D. Miall: The architecture of fluvial-deltaic sequences in the Upper Mesaverde Group (Upper Cretaceous), Book Cliffs, Utah / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:305-332, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.19 --- John H. Martin: A review of braided fluvial hydrocarbon reservoirs: the petroleum engineer’s perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:333-367, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.20 --- W. P. Karpeta: Sedimentology and gravel bar morphology in an Archaean braided river sequence: the Witpan Conglomerate Member (Witwatersrand Supergroup) in the Welkom Goldfield, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:369-388, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.21 --- Lisa Edgington and Neil Harbury: Provenance of braided alluvial deposits of the Thari Formation, Rhodes, SE Aegean: evidence for major erosion of an ophiolite-bearing thrust sheet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:389-403, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.22 --- Victoria R. Copley and John McM. Moore: Debris provenance mapping in braided drainage using remote sensing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 75:405-412, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.23

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Robert B. Kidd and Ernest A. Hailwood: High resolution stratigraphy in modern and ancient marine sequences: ocean sediment cores to Palaeozoic outcrop / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.01 --- Techniques: Chronology and Correlations --- Alan G. Smith: Methods for improving the chronometric time-scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:9-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.02 --- Alan E. Mussett and Alan G. McCormack: Magnetic polarity timescales: a new test / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:27-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.03 --- Roy Thompson and R. M. Clark: Quantitative marine sediment core matching using a modified sequence-slotting algorithm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:39-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.04 --- Quarternary and Tertiary --- Matthew B. Smith, Jon G. Poynter, Stuart A. Bradshaw, and Geoffrey Eglinton: High resolution molecular stratigraphy: analytical methodology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:51-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.05 --- Simon G. Robinson: Lithostratigraphic applications for magnetic susceptibility logging of deep-sea sediment cores: examples from ODP Leg 115 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:65-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.06 --- Jason R. Ali, Christopher King, and Ernest A. Hailwood: Magnetostratigraphic calibration of early Eocene depositional sequences in the southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:99-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.07 --- D. Graham Jenkins and Paul Gamson: The late Cenozoic Globorotalia truncatulinoides datum-plane in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:127-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.08 --- Sally S. Radford and Li Qianyu: Eocene-Miocene high latitude biostratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:131-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.09 --- P. P. E. Weaver: High resolution stratigraphy of marine Quaternary sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:137-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.10 --- R. C. Whatley: Ostracoda as biostratigraphical indices in Cenozoic deep-sea sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:155-167, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.11 --- R. W. O’B. Knox: Tephra layers as precise chronostratigraphical markers / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:169-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.12 --- Walther Schwarzacher: Milankovitch cycles in the pre-Pleistocene stratigraphic record: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:187-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.13 --- Mesozoic --- J. M. McArthur, M. F. Thirlwall, A. S. Gale, W. J. Kennedy, J. A. Burnett, D. Mattey, and A. R. Lord: Strontium isotope stratigraphy for the Late Cretaceous: a new curve, based on the English Chalk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:195-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.14 --- David S. Wray and A. S. Gale: Geochemical correlation of marl bands in Turonian chalks of the Anglo-Paris Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:211-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.15 --- Malcolm B. Hart: Cretaceous foraminiferal events / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:227-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.16 --- Jake M. Hancock: Transatlantic correlations in the Campanian-Maastrichtian stages by eustatic changes of sea-level / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:241-256, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.17 --- John C. W. Cope: High resolution biostratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:257-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.18 --- Palaeozoic --- Michael R. House and William T. Kirchgasser: Devonian goniatite biostratigraphy and timing of facies movements in the Frasnian of eastern North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:267-292, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.19 --- R. Thomas Becker, Michael R. House, and William T. Kirchgasser: Devonian goniatite biostratigraphy and timing of facies movements in the Frasnian of the Canning Basin, Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:293-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.20 --- David K. Loydell: Worldwide correlation of Telychian (Upper Llandovery) strata using graptolites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:323-340, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.21 --- M. D. Brasier: Towards a carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Cambrian System: potential of the Great Basin succession / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 70:341-350, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.070.01.22

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.01 --- K. Gibbons, T. Hellem, A. Kjemperud, S. D. Nio, and K. Vebenstad: Sequence architecture, facies development and carbonate-cemented horizons in the Troll Field reservoir, offshore Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:1-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.02 --- Richard W. Lahann, Jon A. Ferrier, and Susan Corrigan: Reservoir heterogeneity in the Vanguard Field, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:33-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.03 --- W. D. Clelland, J. D. Kantorowicz, and T. W. Fens: Quantitative analysis of pore structure and its effect on reservoir behaviour: Upper Jurassic Ribble Member sandstones, Fulmar Field, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:57-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.04 --- Philip Lowry and Torgrim Jacobsen: Sedimentological and reservoir characteristics of a fluvial-dominated delta-front sequence: Ferron Sandstone Member (Turonian), East-central Utah, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:81-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.05 --- Øistein Høimyr, Amund Kleppe, and Johan P. Nystuen: Effects of heterogeneities in a braided stream channel sandbody on the simulation of oil recovery: a case study from the Lower Jurassic Statfjord Formation, Snorre Field, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:105-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.06 --- Tom Dreyer: Geometry and facies of large-scale flow units in fluvial-dominated fan-delta-front sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:135-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.07 --- Jan Alexander: A discussion on the use of analogues for reservoir geology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:175-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.08 --- Gavin I. F. Cameron, John D. Collinson, Malcolm H. Rider, and Li Xu: Analogue dipmeter logs through a prograding deltaic sandbody / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:195-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.09 --- Lawrence T. Bourke, N. Corbin, Stuart G. Buck, and Gavin Hudson: Permeability images: a new technique for enhanced reservoir characterization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 69:219-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.069.01.10

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Third International Symposium on Large Spatial Databases (SSD '93) was held at the National University of Singapore in June 1993. The previous meetings of the series were at Sanata Barbara (1989) and Zurich (1991). The meetings are planned as a forum for researchers and practitioners specializing in database theory for and advanced applications of Spatial Information Systems. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the symposium. It contains 25 selected papersand three keynotes papers: "Spatial data management in database systems: research directions" (W. Kim), "From extensible databases to interoperability between multiple databases and GIS applications" (H.-J. Schek), and "The SEQUOIA 2000 project" (M. Stonebraker). The selectedpapers are collected into sections on: data modeling, spatial indexing, indexing mechanisms, handling of raster and vector data, spatial database systems, topology, storage management, query retrieval,knowledge engineering in SDS, and 3-dimensional data handling.

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: This book bridges the gap between system theory and global climate change research, and benefits both. A representative set of systems problems is listed indicating how such cross-fertilization would enhance present understanding of global problems while assisting the extension of systems theory. The goal is a comprehensive conceptual model of global change which encompasses atmosphere, lithosphere, ocean, biosphere and cryosphere. The systems model is developed in two steps using a "block diagram" approach. First, causality flows among principal components are identified and a block diagram representation is constructed. Second, mathematical description of the mappings represented by the blocks is derived from the physical principles and known disciplinary models. The generation of the complete block diagram is believed to be the first of its kind. A number of helpful features characterize the book. Chapter 1 provides the basic framework and organization of the book. Chapter 2 is a primer to global climate systems for the reader unfamiliar with the subject of the scientific aspects of global warning. A list of notation in Appendix B, a glossary of global climate change research search terminology, and a detailed index for cross referencing are included. Additionally, a representative set of relevant systems problems in global change is listed at the end of the book.