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  • Artikel  (11)
  • Artikel (Open Access)  (11)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (8)
  • Stromboli  (2)
  • 05.09. Miscellaneous  (1)
  • Boundary currents
  • Topographic effects
  • Springer-Nature  (5)
  • Nature PG  (4)
  • Springer  (2)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Editrice NOVA Science Publisher, New York
  • Società Geologica Italiana
  • Springer Nature
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  • 1
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    Seismic anisotropy to investigate lithospheric-scale tectonic structures and mantle dynamics in southern Italy (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Subduction zones may be characterised by deep-seated tectonic structures whose effects propagate to the upper plate through faulting and magmatism. The overall geodynamic framework, as well as the roots of the many active faults affecting such regions, can be investigated by the study of the upper mantle anisotropic patterns, through the analysis of core-transiting teleseismic phases. Here, we discuss the results of XKS waves splitting observed in the central Mediterranean, particularly in southern Italy, which is characterised by the Adriatic-Ionian subduction system. Azimuths of polarisation of the fast wave (fast directions) were found to be generally trench-parallel, as an effect of the subducting slab, albeit a change to a perpendicular direction, in central Italy and Sicily, suggests discontinuities in the structure of the slab itself. However, while in central Italy a gradual rotation of fast directions points to a toroidal upper mantle flow through a tear in the Apenninic slab, in central-eastern Sicily, the splitting parameters show an abrupt change that matches well with the main crustal tectonic structures. There, the rapid trench migration, taking place at the transition between the subduction and continental collision domains, produced a rather complex Subduction Transform Edge Propagator fault system. The sharp variation in the pattern of the upper mantle anisotropy marks the main element of such a fault system and suggests its primary role in the segmentation process of the collisional margin. Our findings further show that the study of seismic anisotropy may be fundamental in investigating whether tectonic structures only involve the crust or extend down to the upper mantle.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 20932
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic Anisotropy ; Southern Itlay ; XKS waves splitting ; Active Subduction Systems ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Observing Etna volcano dynamics through seismic and deformation patterns (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-09
    Beschreibung: Geophysical data provide the chance to investigate a volcano's dynamics; considerable information can especially be gleaned on the stress and strain patterns accompanying the internal processes and the effect of magma ascent on the main structures triggering earthquakes. Here, we analysed in detail the seismicity recorded over the last two decades on Etna volcano (southern Italy), focusing on earthquakes distribution and focal mechanism clustering; the ground deformation pattern affecting the volcanic edifice with the inflation and deflation phases was also examined. Analysed data were compared in order to shed light on possible relationships with the volcanic activity and to better understand the internal dynamics of the volcano over time. Significant steps during or shortly before major eruptions in the seismic strain release and ground deformation temporal series highlight a straightforward relationship between seismicity occurring at shallow level, inflation/deflation and volcanism. Furthermore, at depths greater than 5-7 km, down to about 20 km, the orientation of the P- and T-axes clearly indicate the existence of a pressure source in the central part of the volcano. All the results underline that the stress field related to the volcano plumbing system interferes with the regional field, partly overriding it.
    Beschreibung: INGV-Ricerca Libera 2021 INGV-IMPACT
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 12951
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna (Italy) ; Volcano dynamics ; Seismic and deformation patterns ; Focal mechanisms ; Stress field ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Water resources management for a sustainable nexus of hydrogeoethics and societal well-being (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-24
    Beschreibung: Groundwater is a vital resource for humans, non-human species, and ecosystems. It has allowed the development of human evolution and civilizations throughout history (e.g., Wittfogel 1956, Tempelhoff et al. 2009, Cuthbert and Ashley 2014, Roberts 2014). However, it faces multiple potential threats that make it vulnerable and fragile. Climate change and human activities are the primary causes that have led to water cycle disruptions, particularly a decline in groundwater quality and quantity (e.g., Gleeson et al. 2020, Chaminé et al. 2022, Richardson et al. 2023). Climate variability has induced droughts, floods, and other extreme weather conditions, significantly impacting groundwater in many regions. Meanwhile, human activities such as over-abstraction, ground contamination, deforestation, land-use change, and other anthropogenic pressures have further compromised groundwater status. Nonetheless, groundwater continues to fulfill water demands in many regions or during specific periods. Therefore, concerted efforts are imperative to ensure its sustainability. So, conservation practices and nature-based solutions must be adopted to efficiently manage groundwater and shield it from additional potential hazards or risks (e.g., contamination, pollution, or over-abstraction). Failure to act quickly can result in the loss of this critical resource, with severe consequences for the economy, society, and ecosystems. From this perspective, it is imperative to prioritize actions underscored by technical-scientific integrity, environmental responsibility, societal sensitivity, and ethical practices.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 97
    Beschreibung: OS: Terza missione
    Beschreibung: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): groundwater ; resource management ; sustainability ; hydrogeoethics ; geoethics ; societal well-being ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Explosive eruptions at Stromboli volcano (Italy): a comprehensive geochemical view on magma sources and intensity range (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-14
    Beschreibung: A comprehensive understanding of the processes that occur during magmatic storage and pre-eruptive ascent—and of their associated timescales—is critical to identifying potential precursory signals, and to developing robust volcano early-warning systems. Stromboli’s persistent activity comprises continuous degassing and explosive activity that ranges from hourly, low-intensity “normal” activity to occasional, more violent, paroxysmal activity. While the magma source processes that drive normal and paroxysmal activity are reasonably constrained, eruptive activity intermediate in magnitude and intensity (i.e., major explosions) remains elusive in terms of classification, source region, and pre-eruptive timescales. Here, we investigate the 19 July 2020 major explosion that geophysical parameters place at the upper limit of the major explosions field, close to small-scale paroxysms such as the 2003 and 2007 events. The geochemical signatures of matrix glass, olivine, melt inclusions, and embayments—integrated with gas measurements—highlight important differences in eruption source, ascent behaviour, and pre-eruptive timescales of the studied event when compared to paroxysms. Melt inclusion volatile contents identify that magma rise begins from a slightly shallower source (~9.5 km below sea level, b.s.l.) than for paroxysms (11.4 km b.s.l.), with the activation of a shallower ponding zone at 5–6 km b.s.l.. This, in combination with intermediate matrix glass compositions, suggests complex ascent behaviour, characterised by CO2 buffering in the deep ponding region and magma self-mixing in the shallower zone. Fe–Mg-diffusion modelling in olivine indicates a system perturbation start- ing ~20–25 days before eruption onset, in agreement with the timescale of volcanic gas CO2/SO2 ratio changes observed in the plume, and significantly shorter than that observed prior to paroxysms (~4 months). The geochemical dataset provides insights into the processes controlling the steady-state conditions and the broad spectra in eruption magnitude and intensity at Stromboli and bears important implications for eruption forecasting.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 34
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Open-conduit volcano ; Major explosions ; Olivine ; Melt inclusions ; CO2 flux ; Stromboli ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Seismic monitoring using the telecom fiber network (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-30
    Beschreibung: Laser interferometry enables to remotely measure microscopical length changes of deployedtelecommunication cables originating from earthquakes. Long reach and compatibility with datatransmission make it attractive for the exploration of both remote regions and highly-populated areaswhere optical networks are pervasive. However, interpretation of its response still suffers from a limitednumber of available datasets. We systematically analyze 1.5 years of acquisitions on a land-basedtelecommunication cable in comparison to co-located seismometers, with successful detection ofevents in a broad magnitude range, including very weak ones. We determine relations between acable’s detection probability and the events magnitude and distance, introducing spectral analysis offiber data as a tool to investigate earthquake dynamics. Our results reveal that quantitative analysis ispossible, confirming applicability of this technique both for the global monitoring of our planet and thedaily seismicity monitoring of populated areas, in perspective exploitable for civilian protection
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 178
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic monitoring ; Telecom fiber network ; Seismic detection ; Optical Fiber ; Laser interferometry ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Qβ, Qc, Qi, Qs of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: We have provided the first estimate of scat- tering and intrinsic attenuation for the Gargano Prom- ontory (Southern Italy) analyzing 190 local earthquakes with M L ranging from 1.0 to 2.8. To separate the intrin- sic Q i and scattering Q s quality factors with the Wen- nerberg approach (1993), we have measured the direct S waves and coda quality factors ( Q 𝛽 , Q c ) in the same volume of crust. Q 𝛽 parameter is derived with the coda normalization method (Aki 1980) and Q c factor is derived with the coda envelope decay method (Sato 1977). We selected the coda envelope by performing an automatic picking procedure from T start = 1.5T S up to 30 s after origin time (lapse time T L ). All the obtained quality factors clearly increase with frequency. The Q c values correspond to those recently obtained for the area. The estimated Q i are comparable to the Q c at all frequencies and range between 100 and 1000. The Q s parameter shows higher values than Q i , except for 8 Hz, where the two estimates are closer. This implies a pre- dominance of intrinsic attenuation over the scattering attenuation. Furthermore, the similarity between Q i and Q c allows us to interpret the high Q c anomaly previ- ously found in the northern Gargano Promontory up to a depth of 24 km, as a volume of crust characterized by very low seismic dumping produced by conversion of seismic energy into heat. Moreover, most of the earth- quake foci fall in high Q i areas, indicating lower level of anelastic dumping and a brittle behavior of rocks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 827-846
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic attenuation · Coda normalization method · Intrinsic quality factor · Scattering quality factor · Southern Italy · Gargano Promontory · OTRIONS seismic network ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Considerations on using MCS and EMS-98 macroseismic scales for the intensity assessment of contemporary Italian earthquakes (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: The concept of macroseismic intensity arose with the purpose of measuring the strength of an earthquake by the effects it causes on buildings, people, and domestic furnishings. From this perspective, buildings can be considered seismic sensors that record the shaking. Early scales were conceived at a time when buildings were mainly in masonry and therefore they could be used as markers of the intensity in case of earthquakes. Indeed, since they were fairly homogeneous, their level of damage could be considered as an indicator of the shak- ing level. In recent decades, the evolution of construction techniques have made the MCS scale unsuitable for damage assessment of buildings of various resistance. To overcome this problem the EMS-98 scale was designed. Because the MCS scale is still used in Italy, even in the presence of many reinforced concrete buildings, the purpose of this work is to show that the EMS-98 is the most suitable tool for assessing intensity as it is more consist- ent with the built environment. Theoretical and real intensity assessments, by both MCS and EMS-98, have been determined and compared, showing that nowadays intensity is a function of the vulnerability. MCS and EMS-98 would be comparable only when the build- ing stock is composed of very vulnerable edifices (generally class A). Finally, thanks to the similarity of the two scales for old and vulnerable buildings, EMS-98 appears fully adequate to investigate historical earthquakes and represents a powerful tool to ensure con- tinuity among earthquakes of different epochs.
    Beschreibung: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI- CARE Agreement. The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 4167–4189
    Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Intensity ; European Macroseismic Scale ; Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg scale ; Vulnerability ; damage ; historical earthquakes ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    High-resolution mapping and dispersion analyses of volcanic ballistics emitted during the 3rd July 2019 paroxysm at Stromboli (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-03
    Beschreibung: A detailed mapping of volcanic ballistic projectiles emplaced in a defined area, represents the starting point to derive preparatory data in hazard and risk studies of ballistics phenomena. Considering as case study the 3rd July 2019 paroxysmal eruption occurred at Stromboli volcano, we map and analyse at very high spatial resolution (8 cm) the distribution of the ballistic spatter clasts emplaced on the E flank of the volcano. The resulting map identifies and reproduces as geospatial polygon elements 152,228 spatter clasts with areal dimensions from 0.03 to 4.23 m2. Dispersed on 0.407 km2, the spatters cover an area of 29,000 m2 corresponding to an erupted products volume from 2.3 to 7.0 × 103 m3, calculated here for the first time. Spatial analyses indicate that the area mostly affected by the clasts emplacement is between N67.5 and N135 directions, identifying a preferential deposition between N112.50 and N123.75 directions. The clasts size distribution rapidly decreases with the size increase, highlighting a nearly constant ratio small/large clasts regardless the distance from the vent. Finally, additional investigations reveal that clasts dispersion parameters decrease progressively with the distance from the vent only along one direction (N67.5), highlighting how the morphology influences the deposition and remobilisation of mapped ballistics.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 13465
    Beschreibung: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Stromboli ; ballistics ; high resolution mapping
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    Macroseismic intensity attenuation models calibrated in Mw for Italy (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-13
    Beschreibung: This study aims at developing new macroseismic intensity attenuation models valid for Italy by exploiting the most updated macroseismic dataset and earthquakes catalogue, as well as the information obtained from a critical analysis of the most recent models in the literature. Several different attenuation models have been calibrated as a function of the moment magnitude (Mw) and epicentral distance from 16,260 intensity data points, that are related to 119 earthquakes occurred after 1900. According to trends and residuals analysis, the preferred calibrated intensity attenuation function is a Log-Linear model for epicentral distance (Repi in km) and a linear model for Mw as: I(MCS) = 1.81 − 2.61LogR − 0.0039R + 1.42Mw with pseudo hypocentral distance R = √R2 + (9.87)2 ; the estimated standard deviation is epi σ=0.75. Also noteworthy is another model for macroseismic intensity attenuation that proved to be as good as the best model and shows higher sensitivity to physical parameters, such as focal depth and magnitude, especially in the epicentral area. Performance of all calibrated models was also checked on an independent set of 15 post-1900 Italian earth- quakes. One of the results of the present work is the opportunity to define earthquake sce- narios (e.g. probabilistic seismic hazard maps) in terms of Macroseismic Intensity and its related standard deviation, avoiding the uncertainties due to the conversion of various ground shaking parameters into intensity values.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 795–843
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Macroseismic Intensity ; Intensity Attenuation ; Macroseismic Data ; Italy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    From ambient vibration data analysis to 1D ground-motion prediction of the Mj 5.9 and the Mj 6.5 Kumamoto earthquakes in the Kumamoto alluvial plain, Japan (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-21
    Beschreibung: We present horizontal ground motion predictions at a soft site in the Kumamoto alluvial plain for the Mj 5.9 and Mj 6.5 Kumamoto earthquakes of April 2016, in the framework of an international blind prediction exercise. Such predictions were obtained by leveraging all available information which included: (i) analysis of earthquake ground motions; (ii) processing of ambient vibration data (AMV); and (iii) 1D ground response analysis. Spectral analysis of earthquake ground-motion data were used to obtain empirical estimates of the prediction site amplification function, with evidence of an amplification peak at about 1.2 Hz. Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio analysis of AMV confirmed this resonance frequency and pointed out also a low-frequency resonance around 0.3 Hz at the prediction site. AMV were then processed by cross-correlation, modified spatial autocorrelation and high-resolution beamforming methods to retrieve the 1D shear-wave velocity (Vs) structure at the prediction site by joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and ellipticity curves. The use of low frequency dispersion curve and ellipticity data allowed to retrieve a reference Vs profile down to few thousand meters depth which was then used to perform 1D equivalent-linear simulations of the M 5.9 event, and both equivalent-linear and nonlinear simulations of the M 6.5 event at the target site. Adopting quantitative goodness-of-fit metrics based on time–frequency representation of the signals, we obtained fair-to-good agreement between 1D predictions and observations for the Mj 6.5 earthquake and a poor agreement for the Mj 5.9 earthquake. In terms of acceleration response spectra, while ground-motion overpredictions were obtained for the Mj 5.9 event, simulated ground motions for the Mj 6.5 earthquake severely underestimate the observations, especially those obtained by the nonlinear approach.
    Beschreibung: stituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 105
    Beschreibung: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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