ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: "Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, the nation's foremost expert in the new science of networks, takes us on an intellectual adventure to prove that social networks, corporations, and living organisms are more similar than previously thought. A full understanding of network science will someday enhance our ability to design blue-chip businesses, stop the outbreak of deadly diseases, and influence the exchange of ideas and information. Engaging and authoritative, Linked provides an exciting glimpse into the next century of science and an urgent new perspective on our interconnected world. Book jacket."--

Description / Table of Contents: Content: 1. Introduction to information theory; 2. Probability, entropy and inference; More about inference; Part I. Data Compression: 4. The source coding theorem; 5. Symbol codes; 6. Stream codes; 7. Codes for integers; Part II. Noisy-Channel Coding: 8. Dependent random variables; 9. Communication over a noisy channel; 10. The noisy-channel coding theorem; 11. Error-correcting codes and real channels; Part III. Further Topics in Information Theory: 12. Hash codes; 13. Binary codes; 14. Very good linear codes exist; 15. Further exercises on information theory; 16. Message passing; 17. Constrained noiseless channels; 18. Crosswords and codebreaking; 19. Why have sex? Information acquisition and evolution; Part IV. Probabilities and Inference: 20. An example inference task: clustering; 21. Exact inference by complete enumeration; 22. Maximum likelihood and clustering; 23. Useful probability distributions; 24. Exact marginalization; 25. Exact marginalization in trellises; 26. Exact

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Wahrscheinlichkeit.- Zufallsgrößen und Verteilungen.- Klassisches Schätzen.- Klassisches Testen.- Die Posterioriverteilung.- Bayessches Schätzen.- Bayessches Testen.- Drei historische Fälle.- A. Standardnormalverteilung

Description / Table of Contents: Was uns wirklich bedroht und wie wir richtig damit umgehen. Nahezu täglich bringen uns die Medien neue Hiobsbotschaften: steigende Kriminalität, Vogelgrippe oder Elektrosmog. Wird unser Leben nicht immer gefährlicher, unsicherer, risikoreicher? Ortwin Renn, der international anerkannte Risikoforscher und renommierte Technik- und Umweltsoziologe, sagt: nein. Die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung steigt beständig, in vielerlei Hinsicht geht es uns immer besser. Wie fürchten uns, so Renn, vor "falschen" Gefahren, verschließen aber die Augen vor Risiken, die uns und unsere Nachwelt erheblich bedrohen. Renn zeigt, welches diese sind, warum wir sie unterschätzen und wie wir im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit verantwortungsvoll damit umgehen können.

Description / Table of Contents: The projects in the Future Megacities programme gain valuable experiences in developing energy efficient standards and urban structures with adequate conditions to treat resources with care and avoid unnecessary emissions. To achieve the ambitious objectives, it is essential to convince and enable people to take an active part in sustainable development. This requires qualification and education efforts at different levels, with different target groups and for different topics. This volume presents several proven and evaluated capacity building measures. Proper workmanship, individual responsibility and the ability for personal professional progress are presented in the categories Training Practice and Enabling Local Communities. The authors share their experience and inspire people to set up own comparable projects.

Description / Table of Contents: Early warning for geologic disasters is a subject of intensive research. Opening up the path for students and lecturers alike, this book presents innovative trends in geoscientific research in this subject. The book successfully fills a gap in this field. The past years have seen new technologies that could be utilized for early warning and real-time loss estimation. They include self-organizing sensor networks, new satellite imagery with high resolution, multi-sensor observational capacities, and crowd sourcing. From this and improved physical models, data processing and communication methodologies a significant step towards better early warning technologies has been achieved by research.At the same time, early warning systems became part of the disaster management practice for instance in Japan and Indonesia. This book marks the important point where:* Research activities continue to improve early warning * Experience with applications is expandingAt this critical point in development of early warning for geological disasters it is timely to provide a volume that documents the state-of-the-art, provides an overview on recent developments and serves as knowledge resource for researcher and practitioners.

Description / Table of Contents: The field of uncertainty quantification is evolving rapidly because of increasing emphasis on models that require quantified uncertainties for large-scale applications, novel algorithm development, and new computational architectures that facilitate implementation of these algorithms. Uncertainty Quantification: Theory, Implementation, and Applications provides readers with the basic concepts, theory, and algorithms necessary to quantify input and response uncertainties for simulation models arising in a broad range of disciplines.The book begins with a detailed discussion of applications where uncertainty quantification is critical for both scientific understanding and policy. It then covers concepts from probability and statistics, parameter selection techniques, frequentist and Bayesian model calibration, propagation of uncertainties, quantification of model discrepancy, surrogate model construction, and local and global sensitivity analysis. The author maintains a complementary web page where readers can find data used in the exercises and other supplementary material.Uncertainty Quantification: Theory, Implementation, and Applications includes a very large number of definitions and examples that use a suite of relatively simple models to illustrate concepts; numerous references to current and open research issues; exercises that illustrate basic concepts and guide readers through the numerical implementation of algorithms for prototypical problems; a wide range of applications, including weather and climate models, subsurface hydrology and geology models, nuclear power plant design, and models for biological phenomena; and recent advances and topics that have appeared in the research literature within the last 15 years, including aspects of Bayesian model calibration, surrogate model development, parameter selection techniques, and global sensitivity analysis.

Description / Table of Contents: AA-LAVA.- Accelerometer.- Acid Rain.- Adaptation.- Airphoto and Satellite Imagery.- Albedo.- Antecedent Conditions.- Arsenic in Groundwater.- Asteroid.- Asteroid Impact.- Asteroid Impact Mitigation.- Asteroid Impact Predictions.- Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time (ALERT).- Avalanches.- Aviation (Hazards to).- Avulsion.- Base Surge.- Beach Nourishment (Replenishment).- Beaufort Wind Scale.- Biblical Events.- Body Wave.- Breakwaters.- Building Code.- Building Failure.- Buildings, Structures, and Public Safety.- Calderas.- Casualties Following Natural Hazards.- Challenges to Agriculture.- Civil Protection and Crisis Management.- Classification of Natural Disasters.- Climate Change.- Cloud Seeding.- Coal Fire (Underground).- Coastal Erosion.- Coastal Zone Risk Management.- Cognitive Dissonance.- Collapsing Soil Hazards.- Comet.- Communicating Emergency Information.- Community Management of Natural Hazards.- Complexity Theory.- Concrete Structures.- Convergence.- Coping Capacity.- Cost-Benefit Analysis of Natural Hazard Mitigation.- Costs (Economic) of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Creep.- Critical Incident Stress Syndrome.- Critical Infrastructure.- Cryological Engineering.- Cultural Heritage and Natural Hazards.- Damage and the Built Environment.- Debris Avalanche.- Debris Flow.- Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation.- Desertification.- Disaster Diplomacy.- Disaster Relief.- Disaster Research and Policy, History.- Disaster Risk Management.- Disaster Risk Reduction.- Disasters.- Dispersive Soil Hazards.- Doppler Weather Radar.- Dose Rate.- Drought.- Dust Bowl.- Dust Devil.- Dust Storm.- Dvorak Classification of Hurricanes.- Early Warning Systems.- Earthquake.- Earthquake Damage.- Earthquake Prediction and Forecasting.- Earthquake Resistant Design.- Economic Valuation of Life.- Economics of Disasters.- Education and Training for Emergency Preparedness.- Elastic Rebound Theory.- Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR).- El Niño/Southern Oscillation.- Emergency Management.- Emergency Mapping.- Emergency Planning.- Emergency Shelter.- Epicenter.- Epidemiology of Disease in Natural Disasters.- Erosion.- Erosivity.- Eruption Types (Volcanic Eruptions).- Evacuation.- Expansive Soils and Clays.- Expert (Knowledge-Based) Systems for Disaster Management.- Exposure to Natural Hazards.- Extensometers.- Extinction.- Extreme Value Theory.- Eyjafjallajökull Eruptions 2010.- Fault.- Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).- Fetch.- Fire and Firestorms.- Flash Flood.- Flood Deposits.- Flood Hazard and Disaster.- Flood Protection.- Flood Stage.- Floodplain.- Floodway.- Fog Hazard Mitigation.- Fog Hazards.- Föhn.- Forest and Range Fires.- Frequency and Magnitude of Events.- Frost Hazard.- Fujita Tornado Scale.- Fumarole.- Galeras Volcano, Colombia.- Gas-Hydrates.- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Natural Hazards.- Geographic Information Technology.- Geohazards.- Geological/Geophysical Disasters.- Glacier Hazards.- Global Change and its Implications for Natural Disasters.- Global Dust.- Global Network of Civil Society Organizations for Disaster Reduction.- Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Natural Hazards.- Global Seismograph Network (GSN).- Haiti Earthquake 2010: Psychosocial Impacts.- Harmonic Tremor.- Hazard.- Hazard and Risk Mapping.- Hazardousness of a Place.- Heat Waves.- High-Rise Buildings in Natural Disaster.- Historical Events.- Hospitals in Disaster.- Human Impacts of Hazards.- Humanity as an Agent of Natural Disasters.- Hurricane (Typhoon, Cyclone).- Hurricane Katrina.- Hydrocompaction Subsidence.- Hydrograph, Flood.- Hydrometeorological Hazards.- Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015.- Hypocenter.- Ice and Icebergs.- Ice Storms.- Impact Airblast.- Impact Ejecta.- Impact Fireball.- Impact Firestorms.- Impact Tsunamis.- Impact Winter.- Inclinometers.- Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004.- Induced Seismicity.- Information and Communication Technology.- Insect Hazards.- Insurance.- Integrated Emergency Management System.- Intensity Scales.- International Strategies for Disaster Reduction (IDNDR and ISDR).- Internet, World Wide Web and Natural Hazards.- Isoseismal.- Jökulhlaups.- Karst Hazards.- Krakatoa (Krakatau).- Lahar.- Land Degradation.- Land Subsidence.- Land Use, Urbanization, and Natural Hazards.- Landsat Satellite.- Landslide.- Landslide Dam.- Landslide Impacts.- Landslide Inventory.- Landslide Triggered Tsunami, Displacement Wave.- Landslide Types.- Land-Use Planing.- Lateral Spreading.- Lava.- Levee.- Lightning.- Liquefaction.- Livelihoods and Disasters.- Loess.- Macroseismic Survey.- Magma.- Magnitude Measures.- Marginality.- Marine Hazards.- Mass Media and Natural Disasters.- Mass Movement.- Megacities and Natural Hazards.- Mega-Fires in Greece (2007).- Mercalli, Giuseppe (1850-1914).- Meteorite.- Methane Release from Hydrate.- Mining Subsidence Induced Fault Reactivation.- Misconceptions About Natural Disaster.- Mitigation.- Modified Mercalli (MM) Scale.- Monitoring Natural Hazards.- Monsoons.- Montserrat Eruptions.- Mortality and Injury in Natural Disasters.- Mt Pinatubo.- Mud Volcanoes.- Mudflow.- Myths and Misconceptions in Disasters.- Natural Hazard.- Natural Hazards in Developing Countries.- Natural Radioactivity.- Neotectonics.- Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia 1985.- North Anatolian Fault.- Nuée Ardente.- Overgrazing.- Ozone.- Ozone Loss.- Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (PTWS).- Pahoehoe Lava.- Paleoflood Hydrology.- Paleoseismology.- Paraglacial.- Perception of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Permafrost.- Piezometer.- Piping Hazard.- Planning Measures and Political Aspects.- Plate Tectonics.- Pore-Water Pressure.- Post Disaster Mass Care Needs.- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).- Primary Wave (P-Wave).- Probable Maximum Flood (PMF).- Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP).- Psychological Impacts of Natural Disasters.- Pyroclastic Flow.- Queensland Floods (2010-2011) and Tweeting.- Quick Clay.- Quick Sand.- Radiation Hazards.- Radon Hazards.- Recovery and Reconstruction After Disaster.- Recurrence Interval.- Red Cross and Red Crescent.- Red Tides.- Reflections on Modeling Disaster.- Release Rates.- Religion and Hazards.- Remote Sensing of Natural Hazards and Disasters.- Reservoir, Dams, and Seismicity.- Resilience.- Richter, Charles Francis (1900-1985).- Rights and Obligations in International Humanitarian Assistance.- Rip Current.- Risk.- Risk Assessment.- Risk Governance.- Risk Perception and Communication.- Rock Avalanche (Sturzstrom).- Rockfall.- Rogue Wave.- Rotational Seismology.- Sackung.- Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale.- San Andreas Fault.- Santorini, Eruption.- Sea Level Change.- Secondary Wave (S-Wave).- Sedimentation of Reservoirs.- Seiche.- Seismic Gap.- Seismograph/Seismometer.- Seismology.- Shear.- Shield Volcano.- Sinkhole.- Slide and Slump.- Slope Stability.- Snowstorm and Blizzard.- Social-Ecological Systems.- Sociology of Disaster.- Solar Flares.- Solifluction.- Space Weather.- Storm Surges.- Storms.- Stratovolcanoes.- Structural Damage Caused by Earthquakes.- Structural Mitigation.- Subduction.- Subsidence Induced by Underground Extraction.- Sunspots.- Supernova.- Surge.- Susceptibility.- Tangshan, China (1976 Earthquake).- Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards.- Tectonic Tremor.- Thunderstorms.- Tidal Bores.- Tiltmeters.- Time and Space in Disaster.- Tohoku, Japan (2011 Earthquake and Tsunami).- Torino Scale.- Tornadoes.- Triggered Earthquakes.- Tsunami.- Tsunami Loads on Infrastructure.- Uncertainty.- United Nations Organizations and Natural Disasters.- Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).- Unreinforced Masonry Buildings.- Urban Environments and Natural Hazards.- Usoi Landslide and Lake Sarez.- Vaiont Landslide, Italy.- Vesuvius.- Volcanic Ash.- Volcanic Gas.- Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.- Vulnerability.- Warning Systems.- Waterspout.- Wenchuan, China (2008 Earthquake).- Wildfire.- World Economy, Impact of Disasters.- Worldwide Trends in Natural Disasters.- Zoning

Description / Table of Contents: The overall aim of the book is to introduce students to the typical course followed by a data analysis project in earth sciences. A project usually involves searching relevant literature, reviewing and ranking published books and journal articles, extracting relevant information from the literature in the form of text, data, or graphs, searching and processing the relevant original data using MATLAB, and compiling and presenting the results as posters, abstracts, and oral presentations using graphics design software. The text of this book includes numerous examples on the use of internet resources, on the visualization of data with MATLAB, and on preparing scientific presentations. As with its sister book MATLAB Recipes for Earth Sciences-3rd Edition (2010), which demonstrates the use of statistical and numerical methods on earth science data, this book uses state-of-the art software packages, including MATLAB and the Adobe Creative Suite, to process and present geoscientific information collected during the course of an earth science project. The book's supplementary electronic material (available online through the publisher's website) includes color versions of all figures, recipes with all the MATLAB commands featured in the book, the example data, exported MATLAB graphics, and screenshots of the most important steps involved in processing the graphics.

Description / Table of Contents: While the trend towards the growth of megacities creates huge challenges, it also offers the opportunity for reshaping mobility patterns in cities, promoting energy efficiency and principles of low carbon development. In this volume, an overview is provided of solutions comprising concepts for sustainable transportation through intelligent management, innovative instruments for integrated transport planning, modelling systems, adaptation strategies in the transport sector and concepts for enhancing public transit. Developed for five cities of the programme by transdisciplinary and international research teams in close collaboration with local stakeholders, they are presented on the background of big challenges ranging from data collection issues, modelling and planning in a fast growing environment to resistance of citizens against big infrastructure projects.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Risk and uncertainty assessment in natural hazards L. J. Hill, R. S. J. Sparks and J. C. Rougier; 2. Quantifying natural hazard risk J. C. Rougier; 3. Model limitations: the sources and implications of epistemic uncertainty J. C. Rougier and K. J. Beven; 4. Expert elicitation and judgment W. P. Aspinall and R. M. Cooke; 5. Risk and uncertainty in hydrometeorological hazards T. L. Edwards and P. G. Challenor; 6. Hydrometeorological hazards under future climate change T. L. Edwards and P. G. Challenor; 7. Hydrological flood uncertainty and risk research J. Freer, K. J. Beven, J. Neal, G. Schumann, J. Hall and P. Bates; 8. Uncertainties in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment W. P. Aspinall; 9. Landslide and avalanche hazards T. K. Hincks, W. P. Aspinall, R. S. J. Sparks, E. A. Holcombe and M. Kern; 10. Tsunami hazard and risk T. K. Hincks, R. S. J. Sparks and W. P. Aspinall; 11. Risk and uncertainty assessment of volcanic hazards R. S. J. Sparks, W. P. Aspinall, H. S. Crosweller and T. K. Hincks; 12. Risk assessment and management of wildfires T. K. Hincks, B. D. Malamud, R. S. J. Sparks, M. J. Wooster and T. J. Lynham; 13. Technological facilities, infrastructure and hazardous materials, including some notes on space weather R. S. J. Sparks, W. P. Aspinall, N. A. Chapman, B. E. Hill, D. J. Kerridge, J. Pooley and C. A. Taylor; 14. Statistical aspects of risk characterization in ecotoxicology G. L. Hickey and A. Hart; 15. Social science perspectives on natural hazards risk and uncertainty S. Cornell and M. Jackson; 16. Human responses to natural hazard risk: considerations for improving the effectiveness of risk management systems H. S. Crosweller and J. Wilmshurst; Index

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I: Basic principles and theoretical basis ; Measuring vulnerability to promote disaster-resilient societies and to enhance adaptation: Conceptual frameworks and definitions ; Data, indicators and criteria for measuring vulnerability: Theoretical bases and requirements ; Part II: Vulnerability and environmental change ; Environmental components of vulnerability ; Crafting integrated early warning information systems: The case of drought ; Archetypical patterns of vulnerability to environmental change: An approach to bridging scales. Lessons learned from UNEP's Fourth Global Environment Outlook ; Part III: Global, national and sub-national assessment approaches ; Review of global risk index projects: conclusions for sub-national and local approaches ; The Global Risk Analysis for the 2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction ; Disaster risk hotspots: A project summary ; The WorldRiskIndex: A concept for the assessment of risk and vulnerability at global/national scales ; System of indicators of disaster risk and risk management for the Americas: Recent updating and application of the IDB-IDEA ; Multi-risk and vulnerability assessment of Europe's regions ; The evolution of the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) ; Disaster vulnerability assessment: The Tanzania experience ; Assessment of vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change in mountain environments ; Part IV: Local vulnerability assessment ; Community-based risk index: Pilot implementation in Indonesia ; Mapping vulnerability - Integration of GIScience and participatory approaches at the local and district levels ; Vulnerability assessment: The sector approach ; Self-assessment of coping capacity: Participatory, proactive and qualitative engagement of communities in their own risk management ; Part V: Institutional capacities, public sector vulnerability and dynamics of vulnerability ; Assessing institutionalized capacities and practices to reduce the risks of flood disaster ; Public sector fiscal vulnerability to disasters: The IIASA CATSIM model ; Dynamics of vulnerability: Relocation in the context of natural hazards and disasters ; Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Parameter Estimation and Inverse Problems, 2e provides geoscience students and professionals with answers to common questions like how one can derive a physical model from a finite set of observations containing errors, and how one may determine the quality of such a model. This book takes on these fundamental and challenging problems, introducing students and professionals to the broad range of approaches that lie in the realm of inverse theory. The authors present both the underlying theory and practical algorithms for solving inverse problems. The authors’ treatment is appropriate for geoscience graduate students and advanced undergraduates with a basic working knowledge of calculus, linear algebra, and statistics. Parameter Estimation and Inverse Problems, 2e introduces readers to both Classical and Bayesian approaches to linear and nonlinear problems with particular attention paid to computational, mathematical, and statistical issues related to their application to geophysical problems. The textbook includes Appendices covering essential linear algebra, statistics, and notation in the context of the subject. A companion website features computational examples (including all examples contained in the textbook) and useful subroutines using MATLAB.

Description / Table of Contents: The Handbook provides a comprehensive statement and reference point for hazard and disaster research, policy making, and practice in an international and multi-disciplinary context. It offers critical reviews and appraisals of current state of the art and future development of conceptual, theoretical and practical approaches as well as empirical knowledge and available tools. Organized into five inter-related sections, this Handbook contains sixty-five contributions from leading scholars. Section one situates hazards and disasters in their broad political, cultural, economic, and environmental context. Section two contains treatments of potentially damaging natural events/phenomena organized by major earth system. Section three critically reviews progress in responding to disasters including warning, relief and recovery. Section four addresses mitigation of potential loss and prevention of disasters under two sub-headings: governance, advocacy and self-help, and communication and participation. Section five ends with a concluding chapter by the editors.The engaging international contributions reflect upon the politics and policy of how we think about and practice applied hazard research and disaster risk reduction. This Handbook provides a wealth of interdisciplinary information and will appeal to students and practitioners interested in Geography, Environment Studies and Development Studies.

Description / Table of Contents: This is the first entry-level book on algorithmic (also known as automatic) differentiation (AD), providing fundamental rules for the generation of first- and higher-order tangent-linear and adjoint code. The author covers the mathematical underpinnings as well as how to apply these observations to real-world numerical simulation programs. Readers will find: examples and exercises, including hints to solutions; the prototype AD tools dco and dcc for use with the examples and exercises; first- and higher-order tangent-linear and adjoint modes for a limited subset of C/C++, provided by the derivative code compiler dcc; a supplementary website containing sources of all software discussed in the book, additional exercises and comments on their solutions (growing over the coming years), links to other sites on AD, and errata

Description / Table of Contents: The R version of Andy Field's hugely popular Discovering Statistics Using SPSS takes students on a journey of statistical discovery using the freeware R a free, flexible and dynamically changing software tool for data analysis that is becoming increasingly popular across the social and behavioural sciences. Hot on the heals of the award-winning and best selling Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, Third Edition, Andy Field has teamed up with Jeremy Miles (co-author of Discovering Statistics Using SAS) to write Discovering Statistics Using R. Keeping the uniquely humorous and self-depreciating style that has made students across the world fall in love with Andy Field's books, Discovering Statistics Using R takes students on a journey of statistical discovery using the freeware R, a free, flexible and dynamically changing software tool for data analysis that is becoming increasingly popular across the social and behavioural sciences throughout the world. The journey begins by explaining basic statistical and research concepts before a guided tour of the R software environment. Next the importance of exploring and graphing data will be discovered, before moving onto statistical tests that are the foundations of the rest of the book (for e.g. correlation and regression). Readers will then stride confidently into intermediate level analyses such as ANOVA, before ending their journey with advanced techniques such as MANOVA and multilevel models.Although there is enough theory to help the reader gain the necessary conceptual understanding of what they're doing, the emphasis is on applying what's learned to playful and real-world examples that should make the experience more fun than expected. Like its sister textbooks, Discovering Statistics Using R is written in an irreverent style and follows the same ground-breaking structure and pedagogical approach. The core material is augmented by a cast of characters to help the reader on their way, hundreds of examples, self-assessment tests to consolidate knowledge, and additional website material for those wanting to learn more (at www.sagepub.co.uk/fieldandmilesR). Given this book's accessibility, fun spirit, and use of bizarre real-world research it should be essential for anyone wanting to learn about statistics using the freely-available R software.

Description / Table of Contents: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.

Description / Table of Contents: Technologien zur Abscheidung und Speicherung von CO2 (CCS) sind eine mögliche Option zur Reduzierung von Treibhausgasen. Ob das Potenzial von CCS als Klimaschutzoption in Deutschland zukünftig genutzt werden wird, hängt aber insbesondere davon ab, ob die Technologien in der Bevölkerung generell und vor Ort akzeptiert werden. Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung gibt einen Einblick in relevante Forschungsansätze und Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen zur Akzeptanz von CCS in Deutschland. Sie präsentiert zugleich die Ergebnisse eines Workshops am Wuppertal Institut und vermittelt einen Eindruck von den Herausforderungen bei der praktischen Umsetzung von Forschungsergebnissen und der Durchführung zukünftiger Forschung zur Technikakzeptanz.

Description / Table of Contents: Sozialwissenschaft

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction: The Nature of Droughts. 2. Types of Drought and their Assessment. 3. The Perturbation of Hydrological Drought. 4. Droughts of the Past: Dendrochronology and Lake Sediments. 5. Water bodies, catchments and the abiotic effects of drought. 6. Drought and Temporary Waters. 7. Drought, Floodplain Rivers and Wetland Complexes. 8. Drought and Perennial Aquatic Systems: Plants and Invertebrates. 9. Drought and Fish of Standing and Flowing Waters. 10. Estuaries and Drought. 11. Human-induced exacerbation of Drought Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Basic Concepts. 1.1 Systems and Experiments. 1.2 The Model Concept. 1.3 Simulation. 1.4 Building Models. 1.5 Analyzing Models. 1.6 Kinds of Mathematical Models. 1.7 Using Modeling and Simulation in Product Design. 1.8 Examples of System Models. 1.9 Summary. 1.10 Literature. 2. A Quick Tour of Modelica. 2.1 Getting Started with Modelica. 2.2 Object-Oriented Mathematical Modeling. 2.3 Classes and Instances. 2.4 Inheritance. 2.5 Generic Classes. 2.6 Equations. 2.7 Acausal Physical Modeling. 2.8 The Modelica Software Component Model. 2.9 Partial Classes. 2.10 Component Library Design and Use. 2.11 Example: Electrical Component Library. 2.12 The Simple Circuit Model. 2.13 Arrays. 2.14 Algorithmic Constructs. 2.15 Discrete Event and Hybrid Modeling. 2.16 Packages. 2.17 Annotations. 2.18 Naming Conventions. 2.19 Modelica Standard Libraries. 2.20 Implementation and Execution of Modelica. 2.21 History. 2.22 Summary. 2.23 Literature. 2.24 Exercises. 3. Classes and Inheritance. 3.1 Contract Between Class Designer and User. 3.2 A Class Example. 3.3 Variables. 3.4 Behavior as Equations. 3.5 Access Control. 3.6 Simulating the Moon Landing Example. 3.7 Inheritance. 3.8 Summary. 3.9 Literature. 4. System Modeling Methodology. 4.1 Building System Models. 4.2 Modeling a Tank System. 4.3 Top-Down Modeling if a DC-Motor from Predefined Components. 4.4 Designing Interfaces-Connector Classes. 4.5 Summary. 4.6 Literature. 5. The Modelica Standard Library. 5.1 Summary. 5.2 Literature. Appendix A. Glossary. Appendix B. OpenModelica and OMNotebook Commands. Appendix C. Textual Modeling with OMNotesbook and DrModelica. Appendix D. Graphical Modeling Exercises.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Iceland as a natural laboratory for earthquake prediction research; 3. The June 2003 earthquakes; 4. Emerging, new understanding on the release of earthquakes and the earthquake cycle; 5. Warnings ahead of earthquakes to governments and the public; 6. Application to other regions vulnerable to seismic hazards.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. Contributing authors. Part I METHODOLOGY. 1 Introduction. 1.1 What is a trend? 1.2 Why analyse trends? 1.3 Some simple examples. 1.4 Considerations and Difficulties. 1.5 Scope of the book. 1.6 Further reading. References. 2 Exploratory analysis. 2.1 Data visualisation. 2.2 Simple smoothing. 2.3 Linear filters. 2.4 Classical test procedures. 2.5 Concluding comments. References. 3 Parametric modelling - deterministic trends. 3.1 The Linear trend. 3.2 Multiple regression techniques. 3.3 Violations of assumptions. 3.4 Nonlinear trends. 3.5 Generalized linear models. 3.6 Inference with small samples. References. 4 Nonparametric trend estimation. 4.1 An introduction to nonparametric regression. 4.2 Multiple covariates. 4.3 Other nonparametric estimation techniques. 4.4 Parametric or nonparametric? References. 5 Stochastic trends. 5.1 Stationary time series models and their properties. 5.2 Trend removal via differencing. 5.3 Long memory models. 5.4 Models for irregularly spaced series. 5.5 State space and structural models. 5.6 Nonlinear models. References. 6 Other issues. 6.1 Multisite data. 6.2 Multivariate series. 6.3 Point process data. 6.4 Trends in extremes. 6.5 Censored data. References. Part II CASE STUDIES. 7 Additive models for sulphur dioxide pollution in Europe ( Marco Giannitrapani, Adrian Bowman, E. Marian Scott and Ron Smith ) 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Additive models with correlated errors. 7.3 Models for the SO 2 data. 7.4 Conclusions. References. 8 Rainfall trends in southwest Western Australia ( Richard E. Chandler, Bryson C. Bates and Stephen P. Charles ). 8.1 Motivation. 8.2 The study region. 8.3 Data used in the study. 8.4 Modelling methodology. 8.5 Results. 8.6 Summary and conclusions. References. 9 Estimation of Common tends for tropical index series ( Alain F. Zuur, Elena N. Ieno, Christina Mazziotti, Giuseppe Montanari, Attilio Rinaldi and Carla Rita Ferrari ). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Data exploration. 9.3 Common trends and additive modelling. 9.4 Dynamic factor analysis to estimate common trends. 9.5 Discussion. Acknowledgement. References. 10 A Space-time study on forest health ( Thomas Kneib and Ludwig Fahrmeir ). 10.1 Forest health: survey and data. 10.2 Regression models for longitudinal data with ordinal responses. 10.3 Spatiotemporal models. 10.4 Spatiotemporal modelling and analysis of forest health data. Acknowledgements. References. Index.

Description / Table of Contents: The devastating impacts of tsunamis have received increased focus since the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the most destructive tsunami in over 400 years of recorded history. The tsunamis that occurred as a result of the earthquake in Japan in March 2011 further emphasized the need for detection, monitoring, and early-warning technologies. This professional reference is the first of its kind: it provides a globally inclusive review of the current state of tsunami detection technology and will be a much-needed resource for oceanographers and marine engineers working to upgrade and integrate their tsunami warning systems. It focuses on the two main tsunami warning systems (TWS): International and Regional. Featured are comparative assessments of detection, monitoring, and real-time reporting technologies. The challenges of detection through remote measuring stations are also addressed, as well as the historical and scientific aspects of tsunamis. It offers readers the only source of practical content on the technological details of the subject. It is written by a tsunami detection and monitoring expert who has 32 years of experience in the field.It provides a companion web site featuring multi-media components, timely updates on fast-paced technological developments, and an online forum where scientists can exchange ideas, discuss technological updates and provide the author with valuable feedback.The devastating impacts of tsunamis have received increased focus since the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the most destructive tsunami in over 400 years of recorded history. This title provides a review of the current state of tsunami detection technology. It focuses on the two main tsunami warning systems (TWS): International and Regional.

Description / Table of Contents: Seit langem wachsen Zahl und Auswirkungen von Naturgefahren an. Kenntnisse und Analysen beschränkten sich bislang weitgehend auf sektorale Betrachtungen. Angestoßen durch die Diskussionen zum Klimawandel, und hier vor allem durch die geforderte Bereitstellung von eindeutigen Langfristvorhersagen, hat sich im wissenschaftlichen Umfeld die Sichtweise auf die Minderung der Auswirkungen von Naturgefahren gewandelt. Vorsorge umfasst nunmehr in stärkerem Maße die Nutzung von Erfahrungen und Daten vergangener Ereignisse, aber ebenso die Verwendung der Kenntnisse über zukünftige, für die Katastrophenvorsorge relevante Bedingungen. Schließlich werden Anstrengungen unternommen, die von vorneherein die Erwartungen und Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung in von Natur - gefahren exponierten Regionen in die Gestaltung der Vorsorge aufnehmen. Alle Themen werden in Deutschland in verschiedensten Bereichen, von der Grundlagenforschung bis zur lokalen praktischen Umsetzung von Anpassungsstrategien, bearbeitet. Das 11. Forum möchte den Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen den Beteiligten fördern und alle Interessenten einladen, aktiv mit zu wirken.

Description / Table of Contents: Assessment of human casualties in earthquakes has become a topic of vital importance for national and urban authorities responsible for emergency provision, for the development of mitigation strategies and for the development of adequate insurance schemes. In the last few years important work has been carried out on a number of recent events (including earthquakes in Kocaeli, Turkey 1999, Niigata Japan, 2004, Sichuan, China 2008 and L'Aquila,Italy 2009). These events have created new and detailed casualty data, which has not until now been properly assembled and evaluated. This book draws the new evidence from recent events together with existing knowledge. It summarises current trends in the understanding of the factors influencing the numbers and types of casualties in earthquakes; it offers methods to incorporate this understanding into the estimation of losses in future events in different parts of the world; it discusses ways in which pre-event mitigation activity and post-event emergency management can reduce the toll of casualties in future events; and it identifies future research needs.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface 1. Introduction A Global Perspective 2. Earthquakes: an Epidemiological Perspective on Patterns and Trends 3. Earthquakes Casualty Research and Public Education 4. Disaster Casualties - Accounting for Economic Impacts and Diurnal Variation 5. A Global Earthquake Building Damage and Casualty Database Casualty Loss Modelling 6. Earthquake Casualty Models within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System 7. Loss Estimation Module in the Second Generation Software QLARM 8. Earthquake Casualties Estimation In Emergency Mode 9. Estimating Casualties for the Southern California Shakeout Lessons learnt from Regional Studies 10. Casualty Estimation due to Earthquakes: Injury Structure and Dynamics 11. Seismic Vulnerability and Collapse Probability Assessment of Buildings in Greece 12. Seismic Casualty Evaluation- the Italian Model an application to the L'Aquila 2009 Event 13. Mortality and Morbidity Risk in the L'Aquila, Italy Earthquake of 6 April 2009 and Lessons to be Learned 14. Major Factors controlling Earthquake Casualties as revealed via a Diversified Questionnaire Survey in Ojiya City for the Mid-Niigata Earthquake Exploring approaches to improving casualty modeling 15. Advances in Casualty Modelling facilitated by the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System 16. Challenges in Collating Earthquake Casualty Field Data 17. Estimating Human Losses Earthquake Models: A Discussion 18. Trends in the Casualty Ratio of Injured to Fatalities in Earthquakes 19. Study of Damage to the Human Body caused by Earthquakes: Development of a Mannequin for the Thoracic Compression experiments and Cyber Dummy using Finite Element Method 20. A Different View on Human Vulnerability to Earthquakes: lessons from risk perception sudies Index

Description / Table of Contents: Forest damage, forest decline, forest dieback - not related to biotic agents - is occurring in the Atlantic and Pacific regions. In Europe and Eastern North America this serious problem is considered to be, at least to some part, related to industrial air pollutants and their atmospheric conversion products, such as acid rain or ozone. Forest declines in the Pacific region have been attributed largely to natural causes involving forest dynamics, since air pollution and other negative anthropogenic influences are practically absent. Presented here are typical decline phenomena in the Pacific and Atlantic region, potential causes, effects and mitigation strategies, and the question whether there are any similarities on a functional or structural basis is addressed.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I. Grüne Transformation ; Fukushima: die Katastrophe und wir ; Schluss, aus! Ausstieg aus der Atomenergie ; Multiple Krisen: Wahrnehmungs- und Reaktionsmuster ; Green New Deal: aber wie? ; Transformation: durch nachhaltige Industriepolitik ; Transformation: Ökosystemleistungen und Grüne Wirtschaft ; Rohstoffeffizienz: Wirtschaft entlasten, Umwelt schonen ; Transformationsforschung: Ökologischer Strukturwandel und Green New Deal ; II. Grüne Allianzen ; Umweltbewegung und Umweltprotest: Sprung in eine grüne Zukunft? ; Neue Organisationen: Aktivierung der Zivilgesellschaft ; Klimaschutz: neue internationale Allianzen ; Klimafinanzierung: wie viel, woher, wofür und für wen? ; Waldschutz: neue internationale Allianzen ; USA und China: Kooperation bei Energie und Klimaschutz ; Allianz Europa-Asien: Neubeginn der globalen Umweltpolitik? ; III. Persistente Konflikte ; Atomenergie: Biblis, das lange Ende einer langen Laufzeit ; Industrielle Landwirtschaft: ein Irrweg ; Agrar- und Ernährungswende: ein Plädoyer ; Klimawandel: Gerechtigkeit bei der globalen Transformation ; Biodiversität: ein Rettungsanker ist geworfen ; Wasser: Knappheit vermeiden, Verschmutzung vermindern ; Landraub: eine moderne Form des Kolonialismus ; Verkehrswachstum: wenig Platz noch an Land und in der Luft ; Strategische Rohstoffe für Windkraft, E-Mobilität & Co. ; Transmutation: nukleare Müllverbrennung? ; IV. Grüne Spuren ; Wege zur 100 % Erneuerbaren Stromversorgung ; Bundeshauptstadt im Klimaschutz: Ergebnisse eines Wettbewerbs ; Unternehmensverantwortung: Arbeitnehmer außen vor? ; Umweltpolitikberatung: Algerien, Marokko, Tunesien ; Die 125 Watt-Lampe: ein grünes Geheimnis ; V. Vor-Reiter ; Jacques Cousteau - ein ökologischer Widerstandskämpfer ; Wangari Maathei - Baumaktivistin und Nobelpreisträgerin ; VI. Umweltinstitutionen

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: I. Grenzerreichnung – Grenzüberschreitung ; Planetare Grenzen, globale Entwicklung ; Vier Grad? Ein Blick hinter die 2-°C-Leitplanke ; Globale Biodiversitätsverluste – es geht um Werte ; Globale Motorisierung – Pyrrhus-Sieg des Automobils ; Gradwanderungen – Klimawandel und Migration ; Das Anthropozän. Umweltpolitische Herausforderungen des neuen Zeitalters ; II. Globale umweltpolitische Aktionsfelder ; Globale Umweltregime im Test: Ozon-, Klima-, Biodiversitäts-, Stoff- und Abfallpolitik ; Internationale Waldpolitik – Prinzip Freiwilligkeit ; Internationale Wasserpolitik – quo vadis? ; Auf dem Weg zu einer globalen Chemikalienpolitik? ; III. Globale ökologische Wende ; „Erdsystem-Governance“. Plädoyer für ein neues Paradigma der globalen Umweltpolitik ; Universelle Ziele für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Klimaschutz als Weltbürgerbewegung ; Gewerkschaften als Akteure der Großen Transformation ; Das umweltpolitische Potenzial von Individuen ; Klima-Showdown in Paris ; Globale Ressourcenwende – eine neue Fortschrittsidee ; Global nachhaltige Bodennutzung – ein Plädoyer ; Entmüllung der Ozeane – die Plastikfischer ; Das Endlager-Dilemma. Über den Umgang mit Atommüll ; TTIP – ein Angriff auf Umweltschutz, Demokratie und Rechtsstaat ; Weltaktionsprogramm „Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung“ ; IV. Vordenker und Vorreiter ; Vandana Shiva – eine Kämpferin für Umweltgerechtigkeit ; Jacqueline McGlade – die umweltpolitische Netzwerkerin ; Naomi Klein – die internationale politische Aktivistin ; Im memoriam Günter Grass: Ein großer grüner Poet ; V. Umweltinstitutionen ; Donella Meadows Institute ; Instituut voor Milieuvraagstukken ; Worldwatch Institute ; VI. Deutsche Umweltinstitutionen ; Globale Umweltpolitik und das Bundesamt für Naturschutz ; Globale Umweltpolitik und das Umweltbundesamt ; Globale Umweltarbeit der Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung

Description / Table of Contents: Die Hochwasserereignisse der letzten Jahre haben gezeigt, wie anfällig unsere Gesellschaft gegenüber Naturgefahren ist. Wie lassen sich die entstandenen Schäden erfassen? Gibt es Möglichkeiten, sie in Zukunft zu vermeiden? Die Autor(inn)en des vorliegenden Buches haben Schäden und wichtige Einflussfaktoren von Hochwasser analysiert und daraus bundesweit einsetzbare Modelle für die Abschätzung von Schäden in Privathaushalten, Unternehmen und der Landwirtschaft entwickelt. Sie machen Vorschläge, wie Schäden und die Verletzbarkeit von Bauwerken standardisiert aufgenommen werden können. Aspekte der Schadensminderung fassen sie in einer web-basierten Broschüre zusammen und stellen sie Kommunen als Instrument zur Risikokommunikation zur Verfügung. Das Buch präsentiert Ergebnisse des interdisziplinären Projektes "Methoden zur Erfassung direkter und indirekter Hochwasserschäden" (MEDIS), das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert wurde. Die Autor(inn)en kommen aus den Agrar- und Geowissenschaften, dem Bauingenieurwesen und der Ökonomie.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction (Brian Moss, Richard W. Battarbee and Martin Kernan). 2 Aquatic Ecosystem Variability and Climate Change - A Palaeoecological Perspective (Richard W. Battarbee). 3 Direct Impacts of Climate Change on Freshwater Ecosystems (Ulrike Nickus, Kevin Bishop, Martin Erlandsson, Chris D. Evans, Martin Forsius, Hjalmar Laudon,David M. Livingstone, Don Monteith and Hansjorg Thies). 4 Climate Change and the Hydrology and Morphology of Freshwater Ecosystems (Piet F.M. Verdonschot, Daniel Hering, John Murphy, Sonja C. Jahnig, Neil L. Rose, Wolfram Graf, Karel Brabec and Leonard Sandin). 5 Monitoring the Responses of Freshwater Ecosystems to Climate Change (Daniel Hering, Alexandra Haidekker, Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber, Tom Barker, Laetitia Buisson, Wolfram Graf, Gael Grenouillet, Armin Lorenz, Leonard Sandin and Sonja Stendera). 6 Interaction of Climate Change and Eutrophication (Erik Jeppesen, Brian Moss, Helen Bennion, Laurence Carvalho, Luc DeMeester, Heidrun Feuchtmayr, Nikolai Friberg, Mark O. Gessner, Mariet Hefting, Torbden L. Lauridsen, Lone Liboriussen, Hilmar Malmquist, Linda May, Mariana Meerhoff, Jon S. Olafsson, Merel B. Soons and Jos T.A. Verhoeven). 7 Interaction of Climate Change and Acid Deposition (Richard F. Wright, Julian Aherne, Kevin Bishop, Peter J. Dillon,Martin Erlandsson, Chris D. Evans, Martin Forsius, David W. Hardekopf, Rachel C. Helliwell, Jakub Hruska,Mike Hutchins, Oyvind Kaste, Jiri Kopac ek, Pavel Kram, Hjalmar Laudon, Filip Moldan, Michela Rogora, Anne Merete S. Sjoeng and Heleen A. de Wit). 8 Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Mercury in Freshwater Ecosystems Under Changing Climate Conditions (Joan O. Grimalt, Jordi Catalan, Pilar Fernandez, Benjami Pina and John Munthe). 9 Climate Change: Defining Reference Conditions and Restoring Freshwater Ecosystems (Richard K. Johnson, Richard W. Battarbee, Helen Bennion, Daniel Hering, Merel B. Soons and Jos T.A. Verhoeven). 10 Modelling Catchment Scale Responses to Climate Change (Richard A. Skeffington, Andrew Wade, Paul G. Whitehead, Dan Butterfield, Oyvind Kaste, Hans Estrup Andersen, Katri Rankinen and Gael Grenouillet). 11 Tools for Better Decision Making: Bridges from Science to Policy (Conor Linstead, Edward Maltby, Helle Orsted Nielsen, Thomas Horlitz, Phoebe Koundouri, Ekin Birol, Kyriaki Remoundou, Ron Janssen and Philip J. Jones). 12 What of the Future? (Brian Moss).

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction and motivation; 2. Meet the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind; 3. Getting to business: discretizations of linear inverse problems; 4. Computational aspects: regularization methods; 5. Getting serious: choosing the regularization parameter; 6. Toward real-world problems: iterative regularization; 7. Regularization methods at work: solving real problems; 8. Beyond the 2-norm: the use of discrete smoothing norms; Appendix A. Linear algebra stuff; Appendix B. Symmetric Toeplitz-plus-Hankel matrices and the DCT; Appendix C. Early work on 'Tikhonov regularization';

Description / Table of Contents: This book gives an introduction to the practical treatment of inverse problems by means of numerical methods, with a focus on basic mathematical and computational aspects. To solve inverse problems, we demonstrate that insight about them goes hand in hand with algorithms

Description / Table of Contents: An earthquake can strike without warning and wreak horrific destruction and death, whether it's the cataclysmic 2008 Sichuan quake in China that killed tens of thousands or a future great earthquake on the San Andreas Fault in California, which scientists know is inevitable. Yet despite rapid advances in earthquake science, seismologists still can't predict when the Big One will hit. 'Predicting the Unpredictable' is the first book to explain why, exploring the fact and fiction behind the science - and pseudoscience - of earthquake prediction. Susan Hough traces the continuing quest by seismologists to forecast the time, location, and magnitude of future quakes - a quest fraught with controversies, spectacular failures, and occasional apparent successes. She brings readers into the laboratory and out into the field with the pioneers who have sought to develop reliable methods based on observable phenomena such as small earthquake patterns and electromagnetic signals. Hough describes attempts that have raised hopes only to collapse under scrutiny, as well as approaches that seem to hold future promise.She recounts stories of strange occurrences preceding massive quakes, such as changes in well water levels and mysterious ground fogs. She also ventures to the fringes of pseudoscience to consider ideas outside the scientific mainstream, from the enduring belief that animals can sense impending earthquakes to amateur YouTube videos purporting to show earthquake lights prior to large quakes. This book is an entertaining and accessible foray into the world of earthquake prediction, one that illuminates the unique challenges of predicting the unpredictable.

Description / Table of Contents: This comprehensive introduction to the calculus of variations and its main principles also presents their real-life applications in various contexts: mathematical physics, differential geometry, and optimization in economics. Based on the authors' original work, it provides an overview of the field, with examples and exercises suitable for graduate students entering research. The method of presentation will appeal to readers with diverse backgrounds in functional analysis, differential geometry and partial differential equations. Each chapter includes detailed heuristic arguments, providing thorough motivation for the material developed later in the text. Since much of the material has a strong geometric flavor, the authors have supplemented the text with figures to illustrate the abstract concepts. Its extensive reference list and index also make this a valuable resource for researchers working in a variety of fields who are interested in partial differential equations and functional analysis.A comprehensive introduction to modern applied functional analysis. Assumes only basic notions of calculus, real analysis, geometry, and differential equations. Contens: Part I. Variational Principles in Mathematical Physics: 1. Variational principles; 2. Variational inequalities; 3. Nonlinear eigenvalue problems; 4. Elliptic systems of gradient type; 5. Systems with arbitrary growth nonlinearities; 6. Scalar field systems; 7. Competition phenomena in Dirichlet problems; 8. Problems to Part I; Part II. Variational Principles in Geometry: 9. Sublinear problems on Riemannian manifolds; 10. Asymptotically critical problems on spheres; 11. Equations with critical exponent; 12. Problems to Part II; Part III. Variational Principles in Economics: 13. Mathematical preliminaries; 14. Minimization of cost-functions on manifolds; 15. Best approximation problems on manifolds; 16. A variational approach to Nash equilibria; 17. Problems to Part III; Appendix A. Elements of convex analysis; Appendix B. Function spaces; Appendix C. Category and genus; Appendix D. Clarke and Degiovanni gradients; Appendix E. Elements of set-valued analysis

Description / Table of Contents: If you work with data and need easy access to clear, reliable definitions and explanations of modern statistical and statistics-related concepts, then look no further than this dictionary. Nearly 4000 terms are defined, covering medical, survey, theoretical, and applied statistics, including computational and graphical aspects. Entries are provided for standard and specialized statistical software. In addition, short biographies of over 100 important statisticians are given. Definitions provide enough mathematical detail to clarify concepts and give standard formulae when these are helpful. The majority of definitions then give a reference to a book or article where the user can seek further or more specialized information, and many are accompanied by graphical material to aid understanding.Easy access to simple, reliable definitions and explanations of modern statistical and statistics-related concepts.

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Ordinary Differential Equations, Finite-Difference Approximation of the Wave Equation, Diffusion, Sources and Sinks, Series Expansion Methods, Finite-Volume Methods, Semi-Lagrangian Methods, Physically Insignificant Fast Waves, Nonreflecting Boundary Conditions

Description / Table of Contents: Content: Part A Theory.- 1. Data Assimilation and Information.- 2. Mathematical Concepts of Data Assimilation.- 3. Variational Assimilation.- 4. Ensemble Kalman Filter: Status and Potential.- 5. Error Statistics in Data Assimilation: Estimation and Modelling.- 6. Bias Estimation.- 7. The Principle of Energetic Consistency in Data Assimilation.- 8. Evaluation of Assimilation Algorithms.- .9 Initialization.- Part B Observations.- 10.The Global Observing System.- 11. Assimilation of Operational Data.- 12. Research Satellites.- Part C Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynmaics.- 13. General Concepts in Meteorology and Dynamics.- 14. The Role of the Model in the Data Assimilation System.- 15. Numerical Weather Prediction.- Part D Atmospheric Chemistry.- 16. Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry and Constituent Transport.- 17. Representation and Modelling of Uncertainties in Chemistry and Transport Models.- 18. Constituent Assimilation.- 19. Inverse Modelling and Combined State-source Estimation for Chemical Weather.- Part E Wider Applications.- 20. Ocean Data Assimilation.- 21. Land Surface Data Assimilation.- 22. Assimilation of GPS Soundings in Ionospheric Models.- Part F The Longer View.- 23. Reanalysis: Data Assimilation for Scientific Investigation of Climate.- 24. Observing System Simulation Experiments.- 25 Data Assimilation for Other Planets,- Appendix.- Index

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides the most current and comprehensive overview available today of the critical role of information systems in emergency response and preparedness. It includes contributions from leading scholars, practitioners, and industry researchers, and covers all phases of disaster management--mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery."Foundational" chapters provide a design framework and review ethical issues. "Context" chapters describe the characteristics of individuals and organizations in which EMIS are designed and studied. "Case Study" chapters include systems for distributed microbiology laboratory diagnostics to detect possible epidemics or bioterrorism, humantarian MIS, and response coordination systems. "Systems Design and Technology" chapters cover simulation, geocollaborative systems, global disaster impact analysis, and environmental risk analysis.Throughout the book, the editors and contributors give special emphasis to the importance of assessing the practical usefulness of new information systems for supporting emergency preparedness and response, rather than drawing conclusions from a theoretical understanding of the potential benefits of new technologies.

Description / Table of Contents: Cartography and geographic information (GI) are remarkably appropriate for early warning (EW) and crises management (CM) needs. Use of geospatial technology has tremendously increased in the last several years. ICT has changed from just using maps created in advance to new approaches allowing individuals (decision-makers) to use cartography interactively, on the basis of individual users requirement. The new generation of cartographic visualizations based on standardisation, formal modelling, use of sensors, semantics and ontology, allows for better adaptation of information to the needs of the users. To design a new culture in pre-disaster and disaster management it is also needed to consider safety/security/privacy aspects of institutions and citizens. All this can be achieved only by demonstrating new research achievements, sharing best practices (e.g. in the health area) and working towards wider society acceptance of geospatial technology (e.g. with the help education and media).This book will outline research frontiers and applications of cartography and GI in EW and CM and document their roles and potentials in wider processes going on in information/knowledge-based societies.

Description / Table of Contents: Geomathematics is becoming increasingly important. The 'Handbook of Geomathematics' is a central reference work and fills the gap of a basic reference work in this area. The contributions are well-structured and informative

Description / Table of Contents: This concise and clear introduction to the topic requires only basic knowledge of calculus and linear algebra - all other concepts and ideas are developed in the course of the book. Lucidly written so as to appeal to undergraduates and practitioners alike, it enables readers to set up simple mathematical models on their own and to interpret their results and those of others critically. To achieve this, many examples have been chosen from various fields, such as biology, ecology, economics, medicine, agricultural, chemical, electrical, mechanical and process engineering, which are subsequently discussed in detail.Based on the author`s modeling and simulation experience in science and engineering and as a consultant, the book answers such basic questions as: What is a mathematical model? What types of models do exist? Which model is appropriate for a particular problem? What are simulation, parameter estimation, and validation?The book relies exclusively upon open-source software which is available to everybody free of charge. The entire book software - including 3D CFD and structural mechanics simulation software - can be used based on a free CAELinux-Live-DVD that is available in the Internet (works on most machines and operating systems).

Description / Table of Contents: Contens: 1. Algebraic and analytic methods Ranjan Roy, Frank W. J. Olver, Richard A. Askey and Roderick S. C. Wong; 2. Asymptotic approximations Frank W. J. Olver and Roderick S. C. Wong; 3. Numerical methods Nico M. Temme; 4. Elementary functions Ranjan Roy and Frank W. J. Olver; 5. Gamma function Richard A. Askey and Ranjan Roy; 6. Exponential, logarithmic, sine and cosine integrals Nico M. Temme; 7. Error functions, Dawson's and Fresnel integrals Nico M. Temme; 8. Incomplete gamma and related functions Richard B. Paris; 9. Airy and related functions Frank W. J. Olver; 10. Bessel functions Frank W. J. Olver and Leonard C. Maximon; 11. Struve and related functions Richard B. Paris; 12. Parabolic cylinder functions Nico M. Temme; 13. Confluent hypergeometric functions Adri B. Olde Daalhuis; 14. Legendre and related functions T. Mark Dunster; 15. Hypergeometric function Adri B. Olde Daalhuis; 16. Generalized hypergeometric functions and Meijer G-function Richard A. Askey and Adri B. Olde Daalhuis; 17. q-Hypergeometric and related functions George E. Andrews; 18. Orthogonal polynomials Tom H. Koornwinder, Roderick S. C. Wong, Roelof Koekoek and Rene F. Swarttouw; 19. Elliptic integrals Bille C. Carlson; 20. Theta functions William P. Reinhardt and Peter L. Walker; 21. Multidimensional theta functions Bernard Deconinck; 22. Jacobian elliptic functions William P. Reinhardt and Peter L. Walker; 23. Weierstrass elliptic and modular functions William P. Reinhardt and Peter L. Walker; 24. Bernoulli and Euler polynomials Karl Dilcher; 25. Zeta and related functions Tom M. Apostol; 26. Combinatorial analysis David M. Bressoud; 27. Functions of number theory Tom M. Apostol; 28. Mathieu functions and Hill's equation Gerhard Wolf; 29. Lamé functions Hans Volkmer; 30. Spheroidal wave functions Hans Volkmer; 31. Heun functions Brian D. Sleeman and Vadim Kuznetsov; 32. Painlevé transcendents Peter A. Clarkson; 33. Coulomb functions Ian J. Thompson; 34. 3j,6j,9j symbols Leonard C. Maximon; 35. Functions of matrix argument Donald St. P. Richards; 36. Integrals with coalescing saddles Michael V. Berry and Chris Howls.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preliminaries. Structural Analysis. Kriging. Intrinsic Model of Order k. Multivariate Methods. Nonlinear Methods. Conditional Simulations. Scale Effects and Inverse Problems