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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Past activities (October 1993 - March 1994) ; II. Planned activities (April 1994 - March 1995) ; III. Future activities (beyond March 1995) (1994)
    Bremerhaven : German Scientific Commitee on Antarctic Research
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-16
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 16
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 99 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 16
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Body. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 93 - 31 March 94). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 94 - 31 March 95). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 95). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.
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  • 2
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    Subsurface radar investigations at the Pegasus Glacial-Ice Runway and Williams Field, McMurdo Station, Antarctica (1994)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-94/12
    In: CRREL Report, 94-12
    Description / Table of Contents: Subsurface radar was used to profile ice and snow conditions on the Ross Ice Shelf at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, during mid-January 1993. Deconvolution and migration were often used to improve vertical resolution and spatial imaging. Profiles at a pulse center frequency of 400 MHz along the 3.2-km-long Pegasus ice runway show many low-density horizons above 9 m depth that are up to 30 m long. They are associated with air bubbles included during refreezing of meltwater and are interpreted as layers between a few and tens of centimeters thick. There is a strong reflecting horizon at about 9 m depth that is probably from brine intrusion as it is continuous with the intrusion into the snow to the east. Diffraction asymptotes give a dielectric constant near 3.2 for material above the brine level, a value that implies near-solid ice. Profiles at 100 MHz along the road between Pegasus runway and Williams Field in the accumulation zone show snow features such as layer deformation and intrusive brine layers that both abruptly and gradually change in depth. A single profile at a relic solid waste dump at Williams Field detected buried debris and ice within the upper 7 m. A survey of a suspected fuel spill shows some local disturbances near the center, but no excavation was done to verify the findings. Profiles traversing the sewage sumps at Williams Field outline the extent of the sewage deposition, and give depths to contaminated snow that closely agree with observation. Despite variability in dielectric properties, single-layer migration effectively improves the resolution of subsurface conditions. Recommendations are made for future surveys.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 94-12
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a289323.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9377
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Radar equipment General operation Antennas Waveforms and phase polarity Antenna directivity Field procedures and data processing Field procedures Data recording Data processing Site location Results Pegasus runway Access road from Williams Field to Pegasus runway Williams Field Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Airborne profile of a portion of the access road Abstract
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  • 3
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    Series available for loan
    Model for avalanches in three spatial dimensions : comparison of theory to experiments (1994)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-94/5
    In: CRREL Report, 94-5
    Description / Table of Contents: A three-dimensional theory is derived to describe the temporal behavior of gravity currents of cohesionless granular media, in an attempt to model the motion of dense, flow-type snow avalanches, ice and rock slides. A mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is assumed to describe the constitutive behavior of the material, and the basal bed friction is described similarly by a Coulomb type of friction. A drag term is included in order to model the occurrence of flow regimes where boundary drag becomes non-negligible. Data from laboratory simulations are compared to a series of numerical studies based on the aforementioned theory. A nondimensional, depth and width averaged form of the theory is considered. A Lagrangian finite difference scheme is then applied to numerically model some limiting cases of the governing equations. Two different numerical models are developed, tested and compared to experimental values. The results indicate that the model can account for flow transitions by inclusion of the drag term when the initial inclination angle is large enough to affect boundary drag. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial evolution of the granulate and final runout position can be predicted to values well within the experimental error.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 94-5
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a283989.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9396
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Mathematical formulation Limiting cases of the governing equations Nondimensionalization scheme Numerical solutions and comparison to experiments Unconstrained Coulomb flow model with constant bed friction Unconstrained Coulomb flow with boundary drag term Conclusions and remarks Literature cited Abstract
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  • 4
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    Series available for loan
    Three approaches to winter traction testing (1993)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-93/9
    In: CRREL Report, 93-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Traction on winter surfaces was measured using three test vehicles, each designed to measure traction for a different purpose: vehicle mobility research (CRREL Instrumented Vehicle), commercial tire testing (Uniroyal- Goodrich traction tester), and airport runway safety (Saab friction tester). The traction measured with each method is comparable, but there are systematic differences due to the effects of the surface material and the test and analysis technique. This comparison serves as the fundamental basis for collaboration between the various traction testing communities and illustrates the need for well documented test procedures and data analysis as a standard for traction testing and evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 93-9
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA276484
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9161
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Traction test methods Saab friction tester Uniroyal-Goodrich traction tester CRREL Instrumented Vehicle Surfaces tested Reporting results and terminology Factors influencing traction Results Traction curves for each surface Traction coefficients Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Vehicle instrumentation and samples of graphic output Appendix B: Comparison of measured traction coefficients with published andpredicted values Abstract
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  • 5
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    Series available for loan
    Gas gun experiments to determine shock wave behavior in snow : methods and data (1993)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-93/11
    In: CRREL Report, 93-11
    Description / Table of Contents: A laboratory study of the behavior of snow under shock wave loading and unloading conditions was conducted using a 200-mm-diameter gas gun to generate loading waves in snow samples with initial densities of 100 to 520 kg m-3 at temperatures of -2 to -23 deg C. Stress levels were 2 to 40 MPa. The response of snow to shock wave loading was measured as a function of distance from the impact plane using embedded stress gauges. Large impedance differences between snow and the stress gauges produced complex stress histories. A finite element model, along with a simple analytical model of the experiment, was used to interpret the stress histories. Snow deformation was not affected by initial temperature, but was found to be rate dependent. The initial density of the snow determined its pressure-deformation path. The pressure needed to compact snow to a specific final density increases with decreasing initial density. The release moduli increased nonlinearly from 50 MPa at a snow pressure of about 15 MPa to 2700 MPa at a snow pressure of about 40 MPa.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 150 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 93-11
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a270467.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9163
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Experimental equipment and methods Gas gun Snow target assembly Data acquisition Experimental procedure Measured data Stress histories Snow characterization Data analysis Recommendations Experimental methods Experimental needs Summary Literature cited Appendix A : Stress-time data plots Appendix B: Tabulated stress-time data Abstract
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  • 6
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    Series available for loan
    Flow regulation for controlled river-ice formation (1993)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-93/3
    In: CRREL Report, 93-3
    Description / Table of Contents: Results are presented of a study to determine appropriate methods of flow modification for mitigating ice jam formation in navigable rivers. Based on a review of alternative methods for flow modification, it is concluded that for many rivers, especially large ones, the most appropriate method involves controlled ice-cover formation through the regulation of river flow. Flow discharge and stages would be regulated by controlling the flow releases from reservoirs and flow stages at river dams, such that optimal flow conditions prevail for rapid formation, and subsequent maintenance, of an accumulation ice cover over river reaches in which potentially large amounts of frazil ice may grow. Accumulation covers would be formed of frazil ice pans and floes and, if appropriate, broken ice conveyed from upstream. Existing dams, augmented where needed by navigable ice booms, could serve as retention structures for the development of accumulation covers. A preliminary indication of the feasibility of this method for controlling ice-cover formation on stage-regulated pools of the Ohio River is assessed through the use of a numerical model that simulates ice-cover formation from frazil ice. It is found that this approach holds promise for mitigating jam occurrence, although its implementation necessarily entails management of flow through major portions of the Ohio River. The results of the study are, to a limited extent, generalized to other rivers.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 58 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 93-3
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA266409
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9155
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Scope of the study Control of river ice formation Control methods Controlled ice-cover formation for the upper Ohio River Numerical simulation of ice-cover formation Flow profile Water temperature variation Frazil ice growth Ice-cover progression Thermal growth of ice cover Numerical results Illustration of simulated ice-:over formation Ice-cover formation in the Hannibal and Montgomery pools Generalized results Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Expression for coefficients Appendix B: Listing of computer program
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  • 7
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    Series available for loan
    German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Past activities (October 1991 - March 1992) ; II. Planned Activities (April 1992 - March 1993) (1992)
    Bremerhaven : German Scientific Commitee on Antarctic Research
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    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-14
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 14
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 133 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 14
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Body. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 91 - 31 March 92). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 92 - 31 March 93). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 93). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.
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  • 8
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    Comparison of thawing soil strength measurements for predicting vehicle performance (1992)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-92/17
    In: CRREL Report, 92-17
    Description / Table of Contents: The CRREL Instrumented Vehicle (CIV), shear annulus, direct shear, andtriaxial compression devices were used to characterize the strength ofthawed and thawing soil. These strength values can be used in simpletraction models to predict the tractive performance of vehicles. Strength was evaluated in terms of the parameters c' and Φ' based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. It is proposed here that an instrumented vehicle is best suited for terrain characterization for mobility studies because the conditions created by a tire slipping on a soil surface are exactly duplicated. The c' and Φ' values from the shear annulus were found to overpredict traction because of the low normal stress applied by the annulus and the curved nature of the failure envelope. Of all the tests, the direct shear test yielded the highest Φ' value, most likely because the test was run at a slow deformation rate under drained conditions. The triaxial test results were the most similar to those from the vehicle. All test methods show Φ' increasingwith soil moisture up to the liquid limit of the soil and then decreasing. As measured with the vehicle, was also found to be strongly influenced by the thaw depth.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 92-17
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a258263.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9145
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Introduction Objective Background Strength measurement techniques Triaxial compression Direct shear Shear annulus device CRREL Instrumented Vehicle Discussion Comparison of methods Influence of soil conditions Traction prediction Conclusions References Abstract
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  • 9
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    Effects of severe freezing periods and discharge on the formation of ice jams at Salmon, Idaho (1992)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-92/14
    In: CRREL Report, 92-14
    Description / Table of Contents: Large ice jams on the Salmon River have reached Salmon, Idaho, and resulted in major flood damage during 16 winters since the winter of 1936-37. Two recent ice jams, in February 1982 and January 1984, caused flooding that resulted in damages of $1 million and $1.8 million respectively. A detailed analysis of the winter air temperature records from 1936-37 through 1991-92 revealed a strong relationship between the duration and intensity of severe cold periods, the air temperature record prior to the severe cold periods, and the occurrence of ice jams reaching the city of Salmon that result in flooding. A threshold condition is identified from which the probability of icejams reaching the city can be determined from inspection of forecasted air temperatures. It was found that once an icejam reaches the city, average daily air temperatures of approximately 18 deg F are necessary to keep the jam in place. The effects of discharge on ice thickness, and therefore ice jam length, are shown to be minor and no relation could be found in this study. An ice control structure located upstream of the city of Salmon appears to be helping to alleviate ice-jam flooding.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 92-14
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a255876.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9148
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Conversion factors Introduction Data sources and analysis Air temperature records Air temperature curves Air temperature record analysis Discharge records Results Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Effects of discharge Salmon River ice control Conclusions Literature cited Abstract
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  • 10
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    German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Past activities (October 1990 - March 1991) ; II. Planned activities (April 1991 - March 1992) (1991)
    Bremerhaven : German National Commitee on Antarctic Research
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    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-13
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 13
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 123 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 13
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Body. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 90 - 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 91 - 31 March 92). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 92). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences (incl. Marine Chemistry). - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.
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  • 11
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    Personnel and cargo transport in Antarctica : analysis of current U.S. transport system (1991)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-91/5
    In: CRREL Report, 91-5
    Description / Table of Contents: An analysis of the National Science Foundation's surface vehicle fleet in Antarctica is reported on here. Surface vehicle needs have been determined through interviews of vehicle users, managers and maintainers, and from direct on-site observation. An ideal grouping of vehicle categories is proposed that will address current needs and provide flexibility for the future. Ultimately, recommendations for streamlining and modernizing the NSF Antarctic vehicle fleet are made. Cargo transportation over snow was identified as being in a crisis state. Personnel movement functions for all but traversing are performed adequately at this time, although there is much room for improvement. Brands and models must be selected for some categories of recommended vehicle types. This will naturally follow a more in-depth analysis of candidates and discussions with NSF vehicle managers. A purchasing plan, including a time table, budget, and desired sequence of replacement, must then be formulated and executed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 71 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 91-5
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a236142.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9116
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Executive summary Introduction Regional divisions Zone A - rock and ice roads Zone B - local ice Zone C - traverse Zone D - ice edge Zone E - remote field site Zone F - inland station Current transportation needs in Antarctica Future transportation needs Transportation analysis Personnel transport Cargo transport Summary of analysis Recommendations for changes to U.S. vehicle fleet Conclusions and summary of findings Literature cited Appendix A: Age distribution of NSF surface vehicles Abstract
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  • 12
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    Series available for loan
    Evaluation of a portable electromagnetic induction instrument for measuring sea ice thickness (1991)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-91/12
    In: CRREL Report, 91-12
    Description / Table of Contents: Field trials using a man-portable Geonics, Ltd., EM31 electromagnetic induction sounding instrument, with a plug-in data processing module, for the remote measurement of sea ice thickness, are discussed. The processing module was made by Flow Research Inc., to directly measure sea ice thickness and show the result in a numerical display. The EM31-processing module system was capable of estimating ice thickness within 10% of the true value for ice from about 0.7 to 3.5 m thick, the oldest undeformed ice in the study area. However, since seawater under the Arctic pack ice has a relatively uniform conductivity (2.5 + or - 0.05 S/m), a simplified method, which can be used for estimating sea ice thickness using jet an EM31 instrument, is discussed. It uses only the EM31's conductivity measurement, is easy to put into use and does not rely on theoretically derived look-up tables or phasor diagrams, which may not be accurate for the conditions of the area.
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    Pages: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 91-12
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a240974.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9126
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction EM 31 Sounding concepts Previous EMI studies Beaufort Sea field trials EM 31 Conductivity reading versus sea ice thickness General comments Literature cited Abstract
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  • 13
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    Investigations of freshwater and ice surveying using short-pulse radar (1991)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-91/15
    In: CRREL Report, 91-15
    Description / Table of Contents: An overview is presented of recent activities and results in the use of commercially available short-pulse UHF radar for surveying ice conditions on freshwater bodies. Improvements in radar systems have made it possible to increase ice thickness resolution by as much as one third relative to that in past attempts, and some new signal processing approaches shown here may offer an order of magnitude improvement. Results from airborne surveying are shown in which the varieties of ice character are reflected. Given the lack of ground coupling, one can rely upon a reasonably well-defined wavelet structure for enhanced signal processing and interpretation possibilities. An algorithm is presented that locates returns from interfaces in the presence of noise for a non-minimum delay wavelet. The method performs a simple inversion in the frequency domain, enhanced by a time dependent weight designed to recognize the shape of the wavelet amplitude and phase spectra. Thin ice layers are resolved down to a few centimeters and are distinguished from an ice free condition by means of a matched filter system designed to recognize the interference pattern from parallel interfaces close to one another. The effects and constraints imposed by water layers on wet ice are discussed, as are general attenuation, sloping bottom, and critical angle effects in deeper water. In closing, observations on the problems and prospects of this sort of surveying are offered.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 31 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 91-15
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9120
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Preface Nomenclature Introduction Field surveys Methods and paraphernalia Results Sloping bottom effects and critical angle phenomena Deconvolution and thin layers Well-separated echoes Thin ice layers Thin layers of water Observations Literature cited Abstract
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  • 14
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    Antarctic research : proceedings of a symposium, held at Potsdam GDR, 11-14 September 1989; Vol. 1: Earth and atmospheric sciences (1990)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik bei der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
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    Call number: Q 2434(15) ; MOP Per 581(1/15) ; ZSP-319/A-15
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1, Heft 15
    In: Antarctic research / edited by H.-J. Paech, D. Fritzsche, Vol. 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 280 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0533-7577
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1 15
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Volume I Earth Sciences. - Geological research of the German Democratic Republic in Antarcitca - a review / J. Hofrnann ; H.-J. Paech ; D. Fritzsche. - Structural evolution of the Ross Sea depression and the adjacent Transantarctic Mountains (Abstract) / F. Tessensohn. - Evolutionary types of sedimentary basins of the continental margin, Antarctica (Abstract) / V. V. Traube. - Age determination on detrital zircons of West Antarctica - A contribution to the reconstruction of Gondwana / W. P. Loske ; H. Miller. - Geological relations between Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica and South India / W. Stackebrandt. - The Proterozoic evolution of New Schwabenland and its correlation with the southern part of Africa (Abstract) / K. Weber ; N. Arndt ; J. Jacobs ; M. Peters. - Stratigraphy, metamorphism and nappe-tectonics in the Shackleton Range (Antarctica) / W. Buggisch ; G. Kleinschmid t; H. Kreuzer ; S. Krumm. - Comments on 'Stratigraphy, metamorphics and nappetectonics in the Shackleton Range (Antarctica)' by Buggisch, W. et al. / H.-J. Paech. - The Lambert Rift development in East Antarctica - a review (Abstract) / J. Hofmann. - Sedimentological investigations in Permian deposits of the Beaver Lake area (Prince Charles Mts., East Antarctica) - First results / M. Mann. - Contributions to the geology of the south eastern Antarctic Peninsula (Abstract) / K.-P. Stanek ; W. Weber ; K. Rank ; K. Hahne. - Geological history of western Queen Maud Land / H.-J. Paech ; A. A. Laiba ; O. G. Shulyatin. - Late Proterozoic microbiota from the Turnpike Bluff Group, Shackleton Range (Abstract) / B. Weber. - Proterozoic fossil content in the Ahlmarmryggen Group, western Queen Maud Land: first preliminary results / B. Weber ; H.-J. Paech. - Geological evolution of the Schirmacher Oasis inclusively surrounding nunataks and the Central Wohlthat Massif (Abstract) / H. Kämpf et al. - Geological setting of the nunataks area south of the Schirmacher Oasis, Central Queen Maud Land / H.-U.Wetzel ; W. Stackebrandt ; K. Hahne. - Mineralizations in Central Queen Maud Land (Abstract) / H. Kämpf et al. - The petrographic characteristics of metamorphics in Queen Maud Land / G. Andrehs ; K. Adam. - Geochemical studies of tillites and boulders in Central Queen Maud Land (Abstract) / K. Hahne et al. - Oxygen isotope geochemistry of pegmatites from a high-grade metamorphic terrain (Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica): Preliminary results / Yu. A. Borshchevskiy et al. - Geodetical activities in the vicinity of the Georg Forster Station - Continuation of geodetic research tradition of the GDR in Antarctica / R. Dietrich ; R. Frey ; W. Korth. - Polar lights above the GDR Antarctic station "Georg Forster" (Abstract) / A. Grafe ; C. Kopsch. - Geomagnetical survey of the Schirmacher Oasis and its surroundings / St. Wagner ; C. Kopsch. - Effective offline-processing of complex geomagnetic and ionospheric data / St. Wagner ; V. Strecke. - A new measuring system for registration of geophysical signals on "Georg Forster" based on a 16-bit-multiprocessor structure (Abstract) / R.Rochlitzer Geomagnetic measuring techniques in Antarctica, both in field and stationary operation / C.Kopsch. - Atmospheric Sciences. - Antarctic research on the atmosphere and solar-terrestrial physics / M. J. Rycroft. - The polar ozone depletion in spring as a response to lower stratospheric changes in dynamics and chemistry / H. Gernandt ; P. Gloede. - Ground based aerosol optical thickness measurements in Antarctica from 1984/85 to 1988/89 / U. Leiterer ; A. Herber. - Some problems of the Atmospheric circulation over Antarctica / V. I. Zachariev. - Some results of middle atmosphere research Antarctica, Molodoshnaya station (Abstract) / I. N. Ivanova ; G. A. Kokin ; E. V. Lysenko et al.
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  • 15
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    German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR : I. Past activities (October 1989 - March 1990) ; II. Planned activities (April 1990 - March 1991) (1990)
    Bremerhaven : National Commitee on Antarctic Research
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    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-570-12
    In: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 12
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 83 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0179-0072
    Series Statement: National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR 12
    Language: English
    Note: Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR : Wissenschaftliches Komitee für Antarktisforschung , Beilage unter dem Titel: Deutsche Mitglieder in SCAR-Gruppen = German members in SCAR Groups , Beilage unter dem Titel: Corrigendum / German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 12 - 1990 , Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR Bulletin : No. 99, October 1990 ; Stations of SCAR nations operating in the Antarctic, winter 1990 , CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Organization/Agency. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 89 - 31 March 90). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 90 - 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.
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  • 16
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    SCAR Newsletter (1990)
    Sendai, Japan : The Working Group
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    Call number: ZSP-SCAR-701
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    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Wheels and tracks in snow : validation study of the CRREL shallow snow mobility model (1990)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-90/9
    In: CRREL Report, 90-9
    Description / Table of Contents: In 1986, a mobility model was developed for predicting the traction and motion resistance of both wheeled and tracked vehicles on shallow snow, and a winter field season was dedicated to gathering mobility data for a diverse family of vehicles (including four on wheels and three tracked) to validate the model. The original version of the model, SSM 1.0, used the Mohr-Coulomb shear failure equation from soil mechanics to predict gross traction. This required input of the snow strength parameters c and ȹ. Motion resistance is predicted by calculating the amount of work done by the tire in compacting snow and only requires snow depth and density values as input snow properties. Some effort was expended in determining an easy and reliable method of obtaining snow strength established from past instrumented vehicle test results. Historically, shear annulus apparati have been used to obtain Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A comparison of snow strength obtained via these three methods (shear annulus, instrumented vehicle, calculated from initial density using the relationship in SSM 1.0) for individual snow covers showed no agreement. SSM 1.0 assumed that snow strength parameters for mobility prediction were a function of initial snow density; however, traction is developed in the compacted snow under the driving element, whose strength properties bore little relation to those of the initial snow. It appears that the shear strength of the compacted snow is essentially a constant for all of the vehicles and snow covers tested here. Based on this finding, a new traction algorithm was developed, resulting in the creation of a second generation model, SSM 2.0. This algorithm predicts gross traction, on the average for the vehicles tested, within 7% of the measured value. Motion resistance prediction remains unchanged in SSM 2.0. This quantity is still not predicted with a desirable level of accuracy.
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    Pages: v, 72 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 90-9
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a230102.pdf
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9109
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Field experiments Test location and test sites Test vehicles Test procedures Results CIV traction and motion resistance Wheels/trackcs vehicles traction and motion resistance Shear annulus device Accuracy and limitations of data Snow conditons Analysis Determination of snow strength parameters Traction analysis Traction model predictions Resistance analysis Resistance model predictions Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Shallow snow mobility model, version 1.0 Appendix B: Test vehicle data Appendix C : Selected test data Appendix D : Snow data Appendix E: Shallow snow mobility model code, version 2.0 Abstract
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  • 18
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    Astronomisch-geodätische Arbeiten der DDR-Teilnehmergruppe während der 17. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition : (Saison 1971/72) (1974)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: Q 2435/34 ; ZSP-319/C-34 ; MOP Per 581(3/34)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, 34
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 18 Seiten
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 34
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT 1. Allgemeines 1.1. Vorbemerkungen 1.2. Station Wostok 1.2.1. Beschreibung der Station 1.2.2. Allgemeine Arbeiten 1.2.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten 1.3. Südpolarobservatorium Mirny 1.3.1. Beschreibung der Station 1.3.2. Allgemeine Arbeiten 1.3.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten 2. Astronomisch-geodätische Arbeiten 2.1. Aufgabenstellung 2.2. Vorbereitung der Arbeiten 2.3. Arbeiten in der Station Wostok 2.3.1. Organisation des Arbeitsablaufs 2.3.2. Zeitvergleiche, Zeitbewahrung 2.3.3. Bestimmung der geographischen Breite 2.3.4. Bestimmung der geographischen Länge 2.3.5. Ergänzungsbeobachtungen 2.3.6. Ergebnisse 2.4. Arbeiten im Observatorium Mirny 2.4.1. Vorbereitung der Beobachtungen 2.4.2. Durchführung der Breitenbestimmungen 2.4.3. Ergebnisse
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  • 19
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    Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography; Part I: Description of technique (1974)
    Hanover, N.H. : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-326
    In: Detecting structural heat losses with mobile infrared thermography / R.H. Munis, S.J. Marshall and M.A. Bush, Part I
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 326
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - Principle of the IR scanner. - Advantages of mobile infrared thermography. - Discussion of field measurements. - Recommendations for future work on thermography of buildings. - Other potential applications of infrared thermography of buildings. - Appendix A: Thermograms of northern exposure of USA CRREL building. - Appendix B: Sample thermograms of heat loss survey at Pease Air Force Base. -Appendix C: Sample thermograms of heat loss survey at Dartmouth College. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A method to assess quickly the insulation effectiveness of buildings using mobile infrared thermography has been developed at USA CRREL. In contrast to the infrared thermography done in Sweden, this method concentrates on obtaining useful data by measuring the outside surface temperature of structures. This report outlines the basic principles involved in these measurements, and discusses field measurements and the inherent advantages of infrared thermography. Typical thermograms are presented in the appendixes.
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    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 326
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/831686783
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Internal friction of single-crystal ice (1973)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-243
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command, 243
    Description / Table of Contents: The internal friction of single-crystal ice has been attributed to reorientation of the water molecule under periodic stress. However, the theory for damped dislocations, which offers another mechanism for the internal friction of ice, has not been investigated. The effects of scratching the surface of 41 ice samples and X-irradiating and plastically deforming them were evaluated. The effects observed on the internal friction of pure, single-crystal ice, in the flexure mode of oscillation between 400 and 1400 Hz, supported the existence of a dislocation-controlled mechanism, with the drag produced by the interaction of the dislocation with the protons in the crystal. In addition, analysis of the detailed shape of the data curve showed two peaks of tan delta as a function of temperature. The second peak, which had not been previously reported, had an activation energy of 0.16 eV and a relaxation time of 1.7 x 10^8 sec at infinite temperature. These experiments indicated that both peaks vrere controlled by the dislocation mechanism described above.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 41 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 243
    URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11681/5931
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Previous work. - Previous theory. - Internal friction of a crystal. - Granato-Lücke theory of dislocation damping. - Double kink mechanism. - Mechanisms not involving dislocations. - Experimental work. - Experimental approach. - Experimental apparatus. - Mode of oscillation. - Automated system. - Support, acoustic isolation, and temperature control. - Sample preparation. - X-ray apparatus. - Data analysis. - Stage I. - Stage II. - Stage III. - Experimental results and discussion. - The second peak. - Interpretation of scratching, X-irradiation, and plastic deformation. - Scratching. - X-irradiation. - Plastic deformation. - Supporting research. - Interpretation of the two peaks. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Computer programs. - Abstract.
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  • 21
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    Der Strahlungshaushalt der Atmosphäre in Modell-Zyklonen und Antizyklonen (1973)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: MOP Per 581(2/17) ; ZSP-319/B-17
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre, Heft 17
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 36, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0533-7585
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre 17
    Language: German
    Note: Enthält auch: Untersuchung über die Möglichkeit der Beobachtung leuchtender Nachtwolken (LNW) von künstlichen Erdsatelliten aus / J. Hopp , INHALT - Der Strahlungshaushalt der Atmosphäre in Modell-Zyklonen und Antizyklonen / H. Wörner: 1. Kurzreferat. - 2. Einleitung. - 3. Formeln zur Berechnung des Strahlungshaushalts. - 3.1. Ableitung einer Formel für die kurzwellige Reflexstrahlung des Systems Erde-Atmosphäre. - 3.2. Formeln für die Berechnung der momentanen Strahlungsleistung in mly • min-1. - 3.3. Formeln für die Berechnung der 24stündigen Strahlungsenergiesummen in ly • d-1 und der resultierenden 24stündigen Temperaturänderung der Gesamtatmosphäre. - 4. Vergleich der nach Formel (1O) berechneten Werte der momentanen Albedo des Systems Erde-Atmosphäre mit Rechnungen anderer Autoren sowie mit Meßergebnissen. - 5. Vergleich von berechneten Karten der kurz- und langwelligen Ausstrahlung des Systems Erde-Atmosphäre mit Satellitenstrahlungskarten am 7. Juli 1970. - 6. Der Strahlungshaushalt im Bereich von Modellzyklonen und -antizyklonen. - 6.1. Konstruktion der Modelle. - 6.2. Die Eingangsparameter der Berechnung und deren Variation. - 6.3. Modellzyklone. Feld der strahlungsbedingten 24stündigen Temperaturänderung in mehreren Varianten. - 6.4. Modellantizyklone. Feld der strahlungsbedingten 24stündigen Temperaturänderung in mehreren Varianten. - 6.5. Fehler der langwelligen Strahlungsbilanz bei abweichendem Temperaturfeld. - 7. Vergleich der für die Modellzyklone berechneten Felder der lang- und kurzwelligen Strahlungsbilanz mit anderen Strahlungsmodellen. - 8. Übersicht über die strahlungsbedingte Temperaturänderung in Zyklonen und Antizyklonen bei verschiedenen synoptischen Situationen. - 9. Literaturverzeichnis. - 10. Anhang: Beispiel eines Rechenprogramms (in FORTRAN). , INHALT - Untersuchung über die Möglichkeit der Beobachtung leuchtender Nachtwolken (LNW) von künstlichen Erdsatelliten aus / J. Hopp: Kurzreferat. - 1. Allgemeine Betrachtungen. - 1.1. Jahreszeitliches Auftreten der LNW. - 1.2. Geographische Verteilung der LNW. - 1.3. Tageszeitliche Sichtbarkeitsbedingungen der LNW. - 2. Photometrische Betrachtungen. - 2.1. Diskussion der bekannten Werte. - 2.2. Überlegungen zur Berechnung der Leuchtdiche der LNW. - 2.2.1. Geometrische Kennwerte der LNW. - 2.2.1.1. Die vertikale Erstreckung der Aerosolwolke. - 2.2.1.2. Die Partikeldichte in den LNW. - 2.2.1.3. Geometrische Gestalt und Durchmesserverteilung der Partikel. - 2.2.1.4. Horizontale Erstreckung der Modellwolke. - 2.2.2. Photometrische Kennwerte der LNW. - 2.2.2.1. Der Streukoeffizient des Aerosols. - 2.2.2.2. Die Streufunktion des Aerosols. - 2.2.2.3. Die Lichtstärke der LNW. - 2.2.2.4. Die Leuchtdichte der LNW. - 2.2.2.5. Die Albedowerte der LNW. - 2.3. Beobachtung der LNW aus Satellitenbahnen. - 2.3.1. Betrachtungen über die Lageverhältnisse. - 2.3.1.1. Die Position der Sonne im Horizontalsystem der LNW. - 2.3.1.2. Die Koordinaten des Satelliten im Horizontalsystem der LNW. - 2.3.2. Die extraterrestrische Leuchtdichte der LNW. - 2.3.2.1. Vergleich der Leuchtdichte Boden- zu Höhenbeobachtung. - 2.3.2.2. Die Leuchtdichte des Himmelshintergrundes. - 2.3.2.3. Beobachtung der LNW vor der Dämmerungszone. - 3. Abschließende Bemerkungen. - 4. Literaturverzeichnis.
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  • 22
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    Wissenschaftskooperation und -integration sozialistischer Länder auf dem Gebiet der Geodäsie und Geophysik : Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der Mitarbeit der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik im Rahmen der KAPG (1972)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik bei der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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    Call number: MOP Per 581(1/5) ; ZSP-319/A-5 ; ZSP-319/A-5(2. Ex.)
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1, Nr. 5
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 64 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 1 5
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT: Vorwort. - 1. Zielstellung, Aufbau und Arbeitsweise der Problemkommission "Planetare geophysikalische Forschungen" (KAPG). - 2. Grundsätzliche Probleme auf der VII. Arbeitstagung der KAPG 1972 in Prag. - 2.1. Kommuniqué über die durchgeführten Arbeiten der KAPG. - 2.2. Über die Tätigkeit der KAPG im Jahre 1971. - 2.3. Über die Vorbereitung des 5-Jahresplanes für die Jahre 1976 - 1980. - 2.4. Prognose der Entwicklung der Geophysik. - 2.5. Der Mensch und seine Umwelt. - 2.6. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse der Untersuchung des tiefen Aufbaus der Erdkruste auf dem Gebiet der ČSSR. - 2.7. Moderne Entwicklungstendenzen der Meteorologie und das Globale Atmosphärische Forschungsprogramm. - 3. Beiträge der DDR zu den Arbeiten der KAPG. - 3.1. Unterkommission 1: Oberer Mantel und Erdkruste. - 3.2. Unterkommission 2: Solar-terrestrische Physik. - 3.3. Unterkommission 3: Rezente Erdkrustenbewegungen. - 3.4. Unterkommission 4: Erdbebenforschung und seismische Rayonierung. - 3.5. Unterkommission 5: Datenaustausch. - 3.6. Unterkommission 6: Geodäsie und Gravimetrie. - 3.7. Unterkommission 7: Probleme der Physik der Atmosphäre und der Meteorologie.
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  • 23
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    Ausgleichung horizontaler Punktverschiebungen nach vermittelnden Beobachtungen und Beobachtungsdifferenzen (1971)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: MOP Per 581(3/25) ; ZSP-319/C-25
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 25
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 115 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 25
    Language: German
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Technische Universität Dresden, 1970 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Einführung 1. Ausgleichung von Beobachtungen 1.1. Bewegungsformen des Massenpunktes und der Kontinua 1.2. Korrekturmöglichkeiten wegen Punktbewegung 1.3. Bestimmung eines Einzelpunktes 1.4. Bestimmung einer Punktreihe 1.5. Bestimmung eines Punktfeldes 2. Ausgleichung von Beobachtungsdifferenzen 2.1. Übergang von Beobachtungen zu Beobachtungsdifferenzen 2.2. Verbesserungsgleichungen für große Verschiebungen 2.3. Verbesserungsgleichungen für kleine Verschiebungen 2.4. Äquivalenzbeweis. Statistische Tests 2.5. Ausgleichung von zeitabhängigen Beobachtungsdifferenzen 2.6. Beziehungen zwischen Ausgleichung und Interpolation 3. Ausgleichung von korrelierten Beobachtungen und Beobachtungsdifferenzen 3.1. Physikalische Korrelationen bei Verschiebungsmessungen 3.2. Geschwindigkeitskorrelationen in einem Gletscher 3.3. Geschwindigkeitskorrelationen im festen und lockeren Gebirge 3.4. Geschwindigkeitskorrelationen an einer Staumauer 3.5. Lineare Transformation der Korrelationsfunktionen 3.6. Zusammenwirken der Korrelationen unabhängiger physikalischer Systeme 3.7. Der Einfluß der Korrelationen auf die Unbekannten der Ausgleichung Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Schlußfolgerungen für die praktische Ausgleichung Literaturverzeichnis Abbildungen Anhang
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  • 24
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    Bericht über die Überwinterung an der Station Wostok während der 14. Sowjetischen Antarktisexpedition 1968-1970 (1971)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: Q 2435/23 ; ZSP-319/C-23 ; MOP Per 581(3/23)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 23
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 23
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT 1. Allgemeiner Teil 1.1. Anreise nach Wostok 1.2. Die Station Wostok 1.2.1. Lage und Beschreibung der Station 1.2.2. Meteorologische Verhältnisse 1.3. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten an der Station Wostok 1.3.1. Personalbestand und Aufgaben 1.3.2. Untersuchungen solarterrestrischer Beziehungen 1.3.3. Meteorologische und aerologische Untersuchungen 1.3.4. Astronomisch-geodätisch-geophysikalische Untersuchungen 1.3.5. Medizinische Forschungsarbeiten 1.4. Stationsleben während der Überwinterung 1.4.1. Allgemeiner Ablauf der Überwinterung 1.4.2. Unterkunft und Arbeitsplatz 1.4.3. Ernährung 1.4.4. Medizinische Betreuung und Gesundheitsschutz 1.4.5. Hygiene und Arbeitsschutz 1.4.6. Arbeitseinsätze 1.4.7. Freizeit 1.4.8. Verbindung nach Mirny und der DDR 1.5. Die Ausrüstung 1.6. Rückreise 2. Fachlicher Teil 2.1. Problemstellung 2.2. Vorbereitung der Expedition 2.3. Vorbereitende Arbeiten an der Station Wostok 2.3.1. Anlegung der Meßräume 2.3.2. Einrichtung der Meßräume 2.3.3. Beheizung der Meßhütte 2.3.4. Vorbereitung und Aufstellung der Meßinstrumente 2.4. Die Gezeitenmessungen 2,4.1. Messungen der Schweregezeiten 2.4.2. Messungen der Lotschwankungen 2.4.3. Zur Frage von Wiederholungsmessungen 2.5. Schwereanschlußmessungen Mirny - Wostok 2.5.1. Aufgabenstellung 2.5.2. Ausführung der Verbindungsmessungen 3. Literatur
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  • 25
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    Summer temperatures in interior Alaska (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-244
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Summer temperature data. - Station network and history. - Parameters for data reduction. - Analysis of summer temperatures. - Temperature trends. - Summer temperatures in the highlands. - Lapse rates for summer temperatures. - Spatial variation of summer temperatures. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Appendix A. - Appendix B. - Appendix C. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Annual degree-day summations over bases of 43°F and 50°F in 15-day periods from May through August are given for the period of record for five interior Alaska climatic stations. Average temperature and precipitation data are included. Patterns of summer temperature in interior Alaska are analyzed in terms of historical, elevational and areal differences. Since 1900, summer temperatures show little long-term change but significant short-term changes. In contrast, winter temperatures show considerable fluctuations, which are reflected in mean annual temperatures to a much greater degree than are summer temperature fluctuations. Average summer lapse rates for the 1600 to 3300 and 3300 to 6600-ft levels were 3.4 and 3.7°F/1000 ft, respectively, based on timberline temperature observations and on upper air data from Fairbanks. Correlation analysis of daily and monthly average July temperatures indicates areas of uniformity with respect to temperature variation. This provides information on lowland climatic stations that are representative of highland locations, especially the Yukon-Tanana Uplands
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 37 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 244
    URL: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210025591825&seq=3
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Berechnung und Diskussion von Farbwertfunktionen theoretischer Modelle von atmosphärischen Aerosolgrößenverteilungen (1971)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik bei der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
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    Call number: MOP Per 581(2/15) ; ZSP-319/B-15
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre, Heft 15
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 71 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0533-7585
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre 15
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt: 1. Einleitung und Zielsetzung. - 2. Theorie. - 2.1. Modelle natürlicher Aerosolgrößenverteilungen. - 2.2. Himmelslichtgleichung und Farbwertfunktion. - 2.3. Absolutwerte der berechneten Streufunktionen. - 3. Berechnungen. - 3.1. Ausgangswerte. - 3.2. Berechnung der Farbwertfunktionen. - 3.2.1. Die Modellfaktoren CN und Erläuterung der Summationsindizes. - 3.2.2. Berechnung der Teilchenzahlen für die einzelnen Modelle. - 3.2.3. Berechnung der Dunststreufunktionen. - 4. Diskussion und Wertung der Ergebnisse. - 4.1. Vergleich der berechneten Farbwertfunktionen mit der Farbwertfunktion einer Normalaerosolverteilung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Symmetrieeigenschaften der Modelle. - 4.1.1. Diskussion der Eigenschaften der Farbwertfunktion einer Normalaerosolverteilung aus logarithmischen GAUSS-Verteilungen (Modell I). - 4.1.2. Diskssion der Eigenschaften der Farbwertfunktionen der Modelle II und V im Vergleich mit der Farbwertfunktion I. - 4.1.3. Diskussion der Eigenschaften der Farbwertfunktionen der Modelle III und VI im Vergleich mit der Farbwertfunktion I. - 4.1.4. Diskussion der Eigenschaften der Farbwertfunktionen der Modelle IV und VII im Vergleich mit der Farbwertfunktion I. - 4.1.5. Streuwinkelbereiche minimaler Dispersion. - 4.2. Eindeutigkeitsproblem und optimaler Meßbereich. - 5. Versuch einer direkten Interpretation gemessener Farbwertfunktionen mit Hilfe der Modell-Farbwertfunktionen. - 6. Ausblick auf Möglichkeiten der Weiterführung der Methode der Aerosolgrößenverteilungsmodelle aus logarithmischen GAUSS-Verteilungen. - 7. Schlußfolgerungen. - 8. Literatur. - 9. Tabellen.
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    Fortschritte in der seismischen Tiefensondierung : Vorträge auf der Arbeitstagung der KAPG, Arbeitsgruppe 1.1. "Seismische Tiefensondierungen" vom 9.-12. Dezember 1969 in Freiberg (DDR) (1971)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: Q 2435/21 ; ZSP-319/C-21 ; MOP Per 581(3/21)
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 21
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 64 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 21
    Language: German
    Note: INHALT Die Erdkruste der Ukraine und einige Gesetzmäßigkelten ihres Baus / SOLLOGUB, V. B. Experimentelle Ergebnisse der seismischen Tiefensondierungen auf dem Profil V in Polen / UCHMANN, J. Auswerteverfahren und erste Interpretationsergebnisse auf dem NW-Teil des Profils VI / KNOTHE, Ch. Information über Ergebnisse der seismischen Tiefensondierungen in der ČSSR in den Jahren 1968 und 1969 / BERANEK, B. Erforschung der Erdkruste in Ungarn / MITUCH, E., STEGENA, L., POSGAY, K., TÁRCZY-HORNOCH, A. Stand und einige Resultate der Erdkrustenuntersuchungen in der VR Bulgarien mit Hilfe von STS / DAČEV, Ch., PETKOV, I., VELČEV, C. Geschwindigkeitsmodell der Erdkruste und Methoden zu ihrer Erforschung / PAVLENKOVA, N. I. Über die dynamischen Eigenschaften der seismischen Wellen in Modellen der Erdkruste mit Schichten erniedrigter und erhöhter Geschwindigkeiten / GUTERCH, A.
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  • 28
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    Internationales Ozonkolloquium und Vergleich von Meßgeräten : Siófok, UVR, 4.5.-25.5.1969 (1971)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik bei der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
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    Call number: MOP Per 581(2/16) ; ZSP-319/B-16
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre, Heft 16
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 87 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0533-7585
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 2, Solarterrestrische Beziehungen und Physik der Atmosphäre 16
    Language: German , English , Russian
    Note: INHALT: 1) Vorwort. - Vorträge. - 2) Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Ozonforschung / E. BORBELY. - 3) Über eine elektrochemische Ozonsonde / H. RÖTHIG, D. SONNTAG. - 4) Die Abweichung der Werte des Gesamtgehalts des Ozons,der mit dem Ozonometer M-83 in Luftmassen verschiedenen Verunreinigungsgrades gemessen wurde / E. VENTURA. - 5) Über den aerosolbedingten Fehler der Daten des Gesamtozongehalts der Atmosphäre im Stationsnetz des Hydrometrischen Dienstes der UdSSR / G. P. GUSCHTSCHIN. - 6) Zur Methodik der Einführung der aerosolbedingten Korrektur in die Meßergebnisse des Gesamtozongehalts der Atmosphäre / G. P. GUSCHTSCHIN. - 7) Variationen des totalen Ozongehalts der Atmosphäre im Zusammenhang mit stratosphärischen Erwärmungen / W. HOEBBEL. - 8) Markante Schwankungen der kurzperiodischen Variationen des Gasamtozonbetrages und ihre Beziehungen zur Zirkulation, zu plötzlichen stratosphärischen Erwärmungen und zur Mesosphäre / W. Schwahn. - 9) Screen effect in the Ozonosphere / R. S. Steblova. - 10) Vergleich von Ozonmeßgeräten. - DOBSON-Spectrophotometer. - Universalozonometer M-83. - Spektrometer ISP 22. - 11) Verzeichnis der Tabellen des Meßgerätevergleichs. - 12) Schlußbetrachtung. - Anschriften der Autoren und der Teilnehmer am Meßgerätevergleich. , Beiträge teilweise in deutscher, teilweise in englischer, teilweise in russischer Sprache
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  • 29
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    Résultats et données tabulées (1970)
    Bruxelles
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    Call number: AWI PY-12903
    In: Expédition Antarctique Belge 1957-1958 : Résultats scientifiques ; Vol. 3, Fasc. 2, Vol. 3, Fasc. 2
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: 77 S , überw. graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Expédition Antarctique Belge 1957-1958 : résultats sientifiques ; Vol. 3, Fasc. 2
    Language: French
    Note: Table des Matières: Introduction. - 1. Description des anomalies constatées et corrections à utiliser pour le dépouillement. - Résumé des charactéristiques générales de la station du géomagnétisme de la base "Roi Baudouin". - Appendix. - Bibliographie. - 2. Résultats des observations géomagnétique tabulés. - Déclinaison D. - Composante horizontale H. - Composante verticale Z. - Lignes de base. - Activité géomagnétique. - Indices K et C. - Indices Q. - Les 5 jours calmes et les 5 jours perturbés du mois.
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  • 30
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    Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung des Zirkumzenitals (1970)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: Q 2435/20 ; ZSP-319/C-20 ; MOP Per 581(3/20)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 20
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 79 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 20
    Language: German
    Note: Zugl.: Habilitation, Technische Universität Dresden, 1969 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 2. Historische Entwicklung des Zirkumzenitals 2.1. Vor- und Anfangsstadien der Almukantaratdurchgangsinstrumente 2.1.1. Das Nadirinstrument von BECK 2.1.2. Das Prismenastrolabium von CLAUDE und DRIENCOURT 2.1.3. Anfangsstadien des Zirkumzenitals von NUŠL und FRIČ 2.2. Das Zirkumzenital Modell 1922 2.2.1. Beschreibung 2.2.2. Das Spiegelsystem 2.2.3. Mikrometer zur Registrierung der Durchgangszeit 2.2.3.1. Vorbemerkung 2.2.3.2. Vorschläge von NUŠL und FRIČ 2.2.3.3. Das Mikrometer von BUCHAR 2.2.3.4. Die Modifikation von BAUERŠIMA und ŠURÁŇ 3. Theorie der Beobachtung von Almukantaratdurchgängen 3.1. Bedeutung der wichtigsten Symbole 3.2. Ableitung der Fehlergleichung 3.3. Auflösung der Normalgleichung 3.4. Das Gewicht einer Beobachtung 3.5. Fehlerberechnung 3.6. Differentialformeln 3.7. Korrektionen und Fehlereinflüsse 3.7.1. Vorbemerkung 3.7.2. Krümmung des Parallelkreises 3.7.3. Krümmung des Almukantarats 3.7.4. Fehlerhafte Justierung 4. Das Dresdner Zirkumzenital 4.1. Das Grundgerät 4.1.1. Allgemeine Beschreibung 4.1.2. Der Spiegelträger 4.1.3. Toleranzen und Eigenschaften der mechanischen Bauteile 4.1.4. Theoretische Forderungen an die Optik und deren Realisierung 4.1.5. Justierung des optischen Systems 4.2. Prinzipielle Überlegungen zur Registrierung der Durchgangszeit 4.2.1. Vorbemerkung 4.2.2. Zeitregistrierung ohne Mikrometer 4.2.3. Mikrometrische Zeitregistrierung 4.3. Zeitregistrierung nach der Lichtblitzmethode 4.3.1. Vorbemerkung 4.3.2. Die Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.2.1. Ingenieurpsychologische Vorüberlegungen 4.3.2.2. Optischer Teil der Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.2.3. Elektrischer Teil der Beobachtungseinrichtung 4.3.3. Fehlerbetrachtung 4.3.3.1. Systematische Fehler 4.3.3.2. Zufällige Fehler 4.3.4. Technologie der Lichtblitzmethode 4.3.5. Berechnung der Durchgangszeit 4.4. Mikrometrische Zeitregistrierung 4.4.1. Vorbemerkung 4.4.2. Prinzip des Dresdner Mikrometers 4.4.3. Kontaktgabeeinrichtung 4.4.3.1. Mechanischer Kontaktgeber 4.4.3.2. Fotoelektrischer Impulsgeber 4.4.4. Fehler und Konstanten des Mikrometers 4.4.5. Ermittlung der Durchgangszeiten 5. Praktische Erprobung des Zirkumzenitals 5.1. Die Beobachtungen 5.1.1. Die Beobachtungsstation 5.1.2. Das Sternprogramm 5.1.3. Übersicht der Beobachtungen 5.2. Die Auswertung 5.3. Zusammenstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5.3.1. Die Ergebnisse der Beobachtungen 5.3.2. Statistische Beurteilung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse 5.4. Schlußfolgerungen für den Einsatz des Zirkumzenitals 6. Zusammenfassung Literatur
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    Beiträge zur Refraktion in hohen Breiten : dem Präsidenten des NKGG, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Peschel zum 60. Geburtstag (1970)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: Q 2435/17 ; ZSP-319/C-17 ; MOP Per 581(3/17)
    In: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde, Heft 17
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    Pages: 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0435-6187
    Series Statement: Geodätische und Geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 3, Physik der festen Erde 17
    Language: German
    Note: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Symbole Vorwort 1. Die vertikale Lichtstrahlkrümmung in 300 bis 1200 m Höhe über Spitzbergen nach aerologischen Aufstiegen 1.1. Die aerologischen Aufstiege 1.2. Die Temperaturverhältnisse über Spitzbergen und die Typen der Refraktionsschichtung 1.3. Berechnung lokaler Refraktionskoeffizienten aus Temperaturmessungen in der freien Atmosphäre 1.4. Refraktionsschwankung und trigonometrische Höhenmessung 1.5. Bemerkungen zur Breitenabhängigkeit der Lichtstrahlkrümmung 2. Die vertikale Lichtstrahlkrümmung über einer ebenen, temperierten Firn- oder Eisfläche 2.1. Einige geophysikalische Gesichtspunkte zur Erforschung der eisnahen Refraktion 2.2. Temperatur und Feuchte in der eisnahen Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 2.3. Berechnung lokaler Refraktionskoeffizienten für die eisnahe Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 2.4. Refraktionsschichtung im Gletscherwind 3. Bemerkungen zur Bahnkrümmung elektromagnetischer Wellen über einer ebenen, temperierten Firn- oder Eisfläche 3.1. Berechnung der lokalen Bahnkrümmung von Mikrowellen für die eisnahe Luftschicht (TE = O °C) 3.2. Verdunstung und Duct 4. Grundzüge der Refraktion in hohen Breiten (Zusammenfassung)
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    Moving loads on a floating ice sheet (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-261
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper considers a load moving with a constant velocity across an ice sheet that is floating on water. The ice sheet is assumed to be an isotropic, elastic, thin plate extending to infinity. The water is assumed to be inviscous, incompressible, and of a constant depth. The dynamic equations describing this ice-water system are solved for the steady state solution. Both a concentrated load and a uniform load distributed over a circular area are considered. The velocity which causes resonance is determined. The deflection and stress directly under the load are numerically evaluated.
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    Pages: ii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 261
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5325834
    Language: English
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    Ozeanologische Beobachtungen im äquatorialen Atlantik auf 28° 40' W während des Ersten Globalen GARP-Experiments (1970)
    Berlin : Nationalkomitee für Geodäsie und Geophysik der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
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    Call number: ZSP-319/D-34 ; ZSP-319/D-34(2. Ex.)
    In: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 4, Physik der flüssigen Erde, Heft 34
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 44 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0534-0047
    Series Statement: Geodätische und geophysikalische Veröffentlichungen : Reihe 4, Physik der flüssigen Erde 34
    Language: German
    Note: Inhalt: 1. Einleitung 2. Durchführung und Bearbeitung der Messungen 3. Ergebnisse der Auswertung der Strömungszeitreihen im äquatorialen Atlantik auf 28°40' W 3.1. Mittelwerte und Varianzen der Strömungsmessungen 3.2. Leistungsspektren der Strömung im äquatorialen Atlantik auf 28°40' W während FGGE 3.3. Kreuzkorrelationen der Strömungskomponenten in vertikaler und meridonaler Richtung 3.4. Windmessungen auf dem St. Pauls-Felsen und Kreuzkorrelationen mit den Strömungsmessungen auf 1°20' N, 28°40' W 4. Ein Modell der äquatorial geführten Wellen im Atlantischen Ozean 5. Zusammenfassung 6. Literatur
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  • 34
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    Ice fog : low temperature air pollution (1970)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-121
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 121
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Stable pressure systems over interior Alaska, sometimes produce prolonged, extreme (below -40°C) cold spells at the surface. The meteorological conditions responsible for two such cold spells are discussed in detail in Appendix A, where it is shown that the rate of radiative cooling of the air is enhanced by suspended ice crystals which are themselves a result of the initial cooling. Radiation fogs formed during the onset of cold spells are generally of short duration because the air soon becomes desiccated. These fogs consist of supercooled water droplets until the air temperature goes below the "spontaneous freezing point" for water droplets (about -40°C); the fog then becomes an ice crystal fog, or simply "ice fog. " During the cooling cycle water is gradually condensed out of the air until the droplets freeze. At this point there is a sharp, discontinuous decrease in the saturation vapor pressure of the air because it must be reckoned over ice rather than over water. The polluted air over Fairbanks allows droplets to begin freezing at the relatively high temperature of -35°C. Between -35 and -40°C the amount of water vapor condensed by freezing of super cooled water droplets is 3 to 5 times greater than the amount condensed by 1°C of cooling at these temperatures. This results in rapid and widespread formation of ice fog (Appendix B) which persists in the Fairbanks area as long as the cold spell lasts. The persistence of Fairbanks ice fog depends on a continual source of moisture (4.1 x 10^6 kg H20 per day) from human activities within the fog. Ice fog crystals are an order of magnitude smaller than diamond dust or cirrus cloud crystals, which in turn are an order of magnitude smaller than common snow crystals (0.01, 0.1 and 1 to 5 mm respectively). The difference in size are shown to result from the differences in cooling rates over five orders of magnitude. Most of the ice fog crystals have settling rates which are smaller than the upward velocity of air over a city center. The upward air movement is caused by convection cells driven by the 6°C "heat island" over Fairbanks. This causes a reduced precipitation rate which permits the density of ice fog in the center center to be three times greater than that in the outlying areas. The inversions which occur during cold spells over Fairbanks begin at ground level and are among the strongest and most persistent in the world. They are three times stronger than those in the inversion layer over Los Angeles. Thus, the low-lying air over Fairbanks stagnates and becomes effectively decoupled from the atmosphere above, permitting high concentrations all pollutants. The combustion of fuel oil, gasoline and coal provides daily inputs of 4.1 x 10^6 kg CO2, 8.6 x 10^3 kg SO2, and 60, 46 and 20 kg of Pb, Br, and Cl respectively, into a lens-like layer of air resting on the surface with a total volume less than 3 x 10^9 m^3. The air pollution over Fairbanks during cold spells is further worsened, because the mechanisms for cleaning the air are virtually eliminated while all activities which pollute the air are increased.
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    Pages: v, 118 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 121
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5972
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Air pollution Types of air pollution Temperature in versions Low temperature air pollution III. Sources of pollution-water Combustion products Cooling water from power plants · Miscellaneous sources IV. Sources of pollution other than water Electrical conductance and particulates Combustion products Summary V. Economic growth and ice fog VI. General physical properties of ice fog Optical properties Cooling rate of exhaust gases Development of a typical ice fog The effect of freezing droplets on the growth rate of ice fog VII. Structure of the polluted air layer Volume Temperature distribution and convection in Fairbanks air VIII. Mass budget of ice fog Ice fog precipitation rates Density of ice fog Ice fog evaporation rates Use of the mass budget equation Summary of the mass budget IX. Air pollution aspects of ice fog Air pollution Remedial action Ice fog probability Literature cited Appendix A. :The effect of suspended ice crystals on radiative cooling Appendix B. Nucleation and freezing of supercooled water droplets Abstract
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    Physical properties and internal structure of Greenland snow (1970)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-89
    In: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 89
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract: Experiments were carried out near Thule, Greenland, on the correlation between the physical properties and internal structure of snow. About 150 snow samples obtained to 26 m depth were measured for elastic modulus, air permeability, unconfined compressive strength, static compression and creep. The observed density profile curve deviated from the theoretical curve at a depth of 10 m. and density of 0.52 g/cm^3, a value almost equivalent to the limiting density obtainable by simple mechanical packing. Therefore, further densification must proceed through plastic flow in grains. A similar critical depth was observed in the vertical distribution of Young's modulus. A positive correlation was found between Young's modulus and density, and an inverse correlation between average grain diameter and Young's modulus or density. There were reciprocal correlations between air permeability and density or unconfined compressive strength, and between the number of grains and their average diameters. Kozeny's constant of Greenland snow was obtained from air permeability values and the length of peripheries of cross sections of grains. To demonstrate the change of internal structure of snow due to densification, static compression tests of snow cylinders were conducted, and thin sections of snow texture were compared before and after compression. Creep curves of snow cylinders were analyzed using Nutting's formula and are discussed in connection with change of internal structure. Basal slip, buckling, cell or sub-grain formation, recrystallization and grain boundary migration occurring during plastic deformation of snow texture were observed by static compression of thin section snow under the microscope.
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    Pages: vi, 32 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 89
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5874
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental methods Density profile and densification Internal structure in typical samples Average grain size obtained from thin section Two-dimensional porosity, total pore periphery and tortuosity Vertical distribution of Young's modulus Air permeability and its structlU'al dependence Porosity dependence Grain size dependence Kozeny's constant for Greenland snow Correlation between air permeability and tortuosity of grains Unconfined compressive strength Static compression and creep in snow under high stresses Microscopic observation of the change in snow textlU'e under compression Literature cited Abstract
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    Creep of single crystals of ice (1954)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
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    Call number: ZSP-201-11
    In: SIPRE report, 11
    Description / Table of Contents: A commercial deep-freeze unit was modified to serve as a laboratory for growing single crystals, cutting specimens of a given orientation, testing these specimens in compressive creep, and studying thin-sections of the results on a universal stage. A method of growing single crystals of adequate size was developed by adapting the Bridgman method. Fortyone creep tests were made at temperatures ranging from -1° to -18°C. These gave an unexpected form of creep-curve in which the rate of strain continuously increases with time. The mechanism of deformation is dominantly basal translation—consistent with earlier work. The dependence on temperature and stress is expressed empirically.
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    Pages: 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 11
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/6031
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction Use of the deep-freeze as a cold laboratory Growing single crystals Creep tests Conclusions References cited
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    Snow, ice, and permafrost research survey and statement of research needs : [Draft copy] (1952)
    Wilmette, Ill. : Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment
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    Call number: ZSP-201-10
    In: SIPRE report, 10
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 97 Seiten
    Series Statement: SIPRE report 10
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword Synopsis Introduction Authority Purpose and scope SIPRE organization and activities Cryological problems and military end points Present state of knowledge General Introduction Terminology and classification Snow and ice Introduction Physical properties and geometry Density and water equivalent Water holding or storage capacity of snow Water transmission through snow Bound water Crystallography and metamorphism Porosity and permeability Mechanical properties Elasto-plastic properties Friction Strength Hardness Electromagnetic properties Dielectric constants Conductivity Magnetic properties Piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects Triboelectricity Freezing potential Thermodynamic properties Thermal properties Radiation Phase relations Engineering problems Snow and ice removal Snow compaction Snow draft control Trafficability Temporary structures Snow melt and runoff Maps Frozen ground and permafrost Introduction Frost action Theory of frost action Cyclic freezing and thawing Manifestations of frost actions Frost heave on freezing Reduction in load-carrying capacity on thawing Soil movements on slopes Ground properties affecting or affected by frost action Composition, grain size, and grain-size distribution Soil-moisture-movement properties Thermal properties Structure of unfrozen ground Structure of frozen ground Strength of frozen ground Freezing point Ground conditions affecting or affected by frost action Density Degree of saturation Interrelation of climate, position, vegetation, and soil Frost phenomena Climate Position Vegetation Engineering problems Excavation and replacement Subsurface drainage Base courses Insulation courses Surface icing and its control Trafficability Building foundations Maps Current related research Introduction Military cryological research in United States and Canada Non-military cryological research in the Western World Research needed Introduction Subjects for fundamental research Subjects for applied research
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