ALBERT

Note: Michael R. House: Orbital forcing timescales: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.01 --- Sean B. Kelly and Shaun P. Sadler: Equilibrium and response to climatic and tectonic forcing: A study of alluvial sequences in the Devonian Munster Basin, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:19-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.02 --- Michael R. House: Devonian precessional and other signatures for establishing a Givetian timescale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:37-49, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.03 --- G. P. Weedon and W. A. Read: Orbital-climatic forcing of Namurian cyclic sedimentation from spectral analysis of the Limestone Coal Formation, Central Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:51-66, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.04 --- Gwyn P. G. Moses: Calibration, analysis and interpretation of depositional cycles in the Early Toarcian of Yorkshire, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:67-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.05 --- Helen K. Waterhouse: High-resolution palynofacies investigation of Kimmeridgian sedimentary cycles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:75-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.06 --- P. J. Valdes, B. W. Sellwood, and G. D. Price: Modelling Late Jurassic Milankovitch climate variations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:115-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.07 --- P. Cotillon: Constraints for using high-frequency sedimentary cycles in cyclostratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:133-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.08 --- F. Giraud, L. Beaufort, and P. Cotillon: Periodicities of carbonate cycles in the Valanginian of the Vocontian Trough: a strong obliquity control / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:143-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.09 --- Didier Quesne and Serge Ferry: Detailed relationships between platform and pelagic carbonates (Barremian, SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:165-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.10 --- A. S. Gale: Cyclostratigraphy and correlation of the Cenomanian Stage in Western Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:177-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.11 --- Alfred G. Fischer: Cyclostratigraphy, Quo Vadis? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 85:199-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.085.01.12

Note: Nr. 10 Absolute Schweremessungen mit Reversionspendeln in Potsdam 1968-1969 , Nr. 11 Analyse der Beobachtungsergebnisse der astronomisch-geodätischen Längenbestimmung Borowiec - Dresden - Potsdam aus dem Jahre 1966 , Nr. 12 Die kurzperiodischen Seismographen Typ VSJ-11 und HSJ-11

Note: Einleitung 1. Paläomagnetische Untersuchungen 1.1. Paläomagnetismus 1.1.1. Zur Geschichte 1.1.2. Der Gegenstand, die Aufgaben und die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des Paläomagnetismus 1.1.2.1. Das Magnetfeld der Erde 1.1.2.2. Relative Altersbestimmung 1.1.2.3. Nachweis von Bewegungen 1.1.2.4. Aussagen zur Gesteinsgenese 1.2. Methodik 1.2.1. Probenentnahme 1.2.2. Probenaufbereitung 1.2.3. Die Messung der Magnetisierung 1.2.4. Die Auswertung der Messungen 1.2.4.1. Deklination, Inklination, Intensität 1.2.4.2. Bestimmung der Koordinaten des paläomagnetischen Poles 1.2.5. Fehlerdiskussion 1.2.5.1. Fehlerquellen, die bei der Gesteinsgenese und bei der Probenentnahme auftauchen können 1.2.5.2. Fehlerquellen bei der Aufbereitung und Messung des Probenmaterials 1.2.5.3. Fehlerquellen bei der Auswertung der Meßergebnisse 2. Paläomagnetische Ergebnisse 2.1. Der Vergleich der Polwanderungskurve aus Werten von DDR-Proben mit der aus Werten der internationalen Literatur für Europa 2.2. Nachweis von Bewegungen 2.3. Betrachtungen zum Paläoklima 3. Gesteinsphysikalische Untersuchungen 3.1. Gesteinsmagnetismus 3.1.1. Remanenz 3.1.1.1. Die isothermale r emanente Magnetisierung (IRM) 3.1.1.2. Die thermoremanente Magnetisierung (TRM) 3.1.1.3. Die chemoremanente Magnetisierung (CRM) 3.1.1.4. Die Ablagerungsmagnetisierung 3.1.1.5. Die viskose remanente Magnetisierung (VRM) 3.1.1.6. Der Effekt des Blitzschlages 3.2. Die Träger der Magnetisierung 3.2.1. Magnetit 3.2.2. Hämatit 3.2.3. Ilmenit 3.2.4. Pyrrhotin 3.2.5. Maghemit, Ulvöspinell, Pyrit, Pseudobrookit 3.3. Stabilität 3.3.1. Physikalische Stabilität 3.3.1.1. Die Entmagnetisierung mit dem Wechselfeld 3.3.1.2. Entmagnetisierung mit anderen Methoden 3.3.1.3. Die Abhängigkeit der physikalischen Stabilität 3.3.2. Die paläomagnetische Stabilität 3.4. Messungen mit der Thermomagnetwaage 4. Gesteinsphysikalische Ergebnisse 4.1. Die Diskussion der Entmagnetisierungskurven 4.1.1. Physikalisch stabile Proben 4.1.2. Physikalisch metastabile Proben 4.1.3. Physikalisch instabile Proben 4.1.4. Besonderheiten an EntmagnetisierungSkurven 4.2. Diskussion der Deklinations- und Inklinationsstereogramme 4.3. Träger der Magnetisierung in den untersuchten Gesteinen und Art der Remanenz 4.3.1. Intrusiva 4.3.2. Effusiva 4.3.3. Ganggesteine 4.3.4. Rote Sedimente 4.3.5. Anders gefärbte Sedimente 4.3.6. Kontaktmetamorphe Gesteine 4.4. Das Inversionsproblem 4.4.1. Feldumkehr 4.4.2. Selbstumkehr 4.4.3. Die Zuordnung der untersuchten Proben 5. Zur Zeit bestehende Probleme und Ausblick auf die zukünftige Forschung 6. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 7. Literatur 8. Tafeln I - V

Note: Nr. 7 Das Geoid aus Beobachtungen der Satellitenaltimetrie von Kurt Arnold (1972) , Nr. 8 Die Bestimmung des Richtungsvektors Riga-Sofia aus Beobachtungen des Satelliten "Echo 2" von Kurt Arnold [u.a.] (1971) , Nr. 9 Statistische Untersuchungen zur Ortung teleseismischer Ereignisse aus Raumwellenregistrierungen der Station Moxa von Peter Bormann (1971)

Note: Chapter 1. Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals: An Overview by Arthur F. White and Susan L. Brantley, p. 1 - 22 Chapter 2. Fundamental Approaches in Describing Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation Rates by Antonio C. Lasaga, p. 23 - 86 Chapter 3. Silicate Mineral Dissolution as a Ligand-Exchange Reaction by William H. Casey and Christian Ludwig, p. 87 - 118 Chapter 4. Chemical Weathering Rates of Pyroxenes and Amphiboles by Susan L. Brantley and Y. Chen, p. 119 - 172 Chapter 5. Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics of Sheet Silicates by Kathryn L. Nagy, p. 173 - 234 Chapter 6. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Controls on Silica Reactivity in Weathering Environments by Patricia M. Dove, p. 235 - 290 Chapter 7. Feldspar Dissolution Kinetics by Alex E. Blum and Lisa L. Stillings, p. 291 - 352 Chapter 8. Chemical Weathering of Silicates in Nature: A Microscopic Perspective with Theoretical Considerations by Michael F. Hochella, Jr. and Jillian F. Banfield, p. 353 - 406 Chapter 9. Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals in Soils by Arthur F. White, p. 407 - 462 Chapter 10. Weathering Rates in Catchments by James I. Drever and D. W. Clow, p. 463 - 484 Chapter 11. Estimating Field Weathering Rates using Laboratory Kinetics by Harald Sverdrup and Per Warfvinge, p. 585 - 542 Chapter 12. Relating Chemical and Physical Erosion by Robert F. Stallard, p. 543 - 564 Chapter 13. Chemical Weathering and Its Effect on Atmospheric CO2 and Climate by Robert A. Berner, p. 565 - 583

Note: L. M. Parson, C. L. Walker, and D. R. Dixon: Hydrothermal vents and processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.01 --- C. R. German, E. T. Baker, and G. Klinkhammer: Regional setting of hydrothermal activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:3-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.02 --- Sergey G. Krasnov, Irina M. Poroshina, and Georgiy A. Cherkashev: Geological setting of high-temperature hydrothermal activity and massive sulphide formation on fast- and slow-spreading ridges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:17-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.03 --- Bramley J. Murton, Cindy Van Dover, and Eve Southward: Geological setting and ecology of the Broken Spur hydrothermal vent field: 29°10′N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.04 --- S. G. Krasnov, G. A. Cherkashev, T. V. Stepanova, B. N. Batuyev, A. G. Krotov, B. V. Malin, M. N. Maslov, V. F. Markov, I. M. Poroshina, M. S. Samovarov, A. M. Ashadze, L. I. Lazareva, and I. K. Ermolayev: Detailed geological studies of hydrothermal fields in the North Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:43-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.05 --- Edward T. Baker: Characteristics of hydrothermal discharge following a magmatic intrusion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:65-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.06 --- J. M. Edmond, A. C. Campbell, M. R. Palmer, G. P. Klinkhammer, C. R. German, H. N. Edmonds, H. Elderfield, G. Thompson, and P. Rona: Time series studies of vent fluids from the TAG and MARK sites (1986, 1990) Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a new solution chemistry model and a mechanism for Cu/Zn zonation in massive sulphide orebodies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:77-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.07 --- G. P. Klinkhammer, C. S. Chin, C. Wilson, and C. R. German: Venting from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 37°17′N: the Lucky Strike hydrothermal site / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:87-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.08 --- R. H. James, H. Elderfield, M. D. Rudnicki, C. R. German, M. R. Palmer, C. Chin, M. J. Greaves, E. Gurvich, G. P. Klinkhammer, E. Ludford, R. A. Mills, J. Thomson, and A. C. Williams: Hydrothermal plumes at Broken Spur, 29°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge: chemical and physical characteristics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:97-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.09 --- M. R. Palmer, E. M. Ludford, C. R. German, and M. D. Lilley: Dissolved methane and hydrogen in the Steinahóll hydrothermal plume, 63°N, Reykjanes Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:111-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.10 --- Rachel A. Mills: Hydrothermal deposits and metalliferous sediments from TAG, 26°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:121-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.11 --- F. M. Stuart, P. J. Harrop, R. Knott, A. E. Fallick, G. Turner, Y. Fouquet, and D. Rickard: Noble gas isotopes in 25 000 years of hydrothermal fluids from 13°N on the East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:133-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.12 --- Penny Dickson, Adam Schultz, and Andrew Woods: Preliminary modelling of hydrothermal circulation within mid-ocean ridge sulphide structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:145-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.13 --- A. Rachel Pascoe and Johnson R. Cann: Modelling diffuse hydrothermal flow in black smoker vent fields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:159-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.14 --- Rowena C. Duckworth, Richard Knott, Anthony E. Fallick, David Rickard, Bramley J. Murton, and Cindy Van Dover: Mineralogy and sulphur isotope geochemistry of the Broken Spur sulphides, 29°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:175-189, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.15 --- Steven D. Scott and Raymond A. Binns: Hydrothermal processes and contrasting styles of mineralization in the western Woodlark and eastern Manus basins of the western Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:191-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.16 --- Richard Knott, Anthony E. Fallick, David Rickard, and Harald Bäcker: Mineralogy and sulphur isotope characteristics of a massive sulphide boulder, Galapagos Rift, 85°55′W / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:207-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.17 --- G. A. Cherkashev: Hydrothermal input into sediments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:223-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.18 --- R. A. Hodkinson and D. S. Cronan: Hydrothermal sedimentation at ODP Sites 834 and 835 in relation to crustal evolution of the Lau Backarc Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:231-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.19 --- S. M. Sudarikov, M. P. Davydov, V. L. Bazelyan, and V. G. Tarasov: Distribution and transformation of Fe and Mn in hydrothermal plumes and sediments and the potential function of microbiocoenoses / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:249-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.20 --- Cindy Lee van Dover: Ecology of Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:257-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.21 --- Bruce Shillito, Jean-Pierre Lechaire, Gérard Goffinet, and Francoise Gaill: Composition and morphogenesis of the tubes of vestimentiferan worms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:295-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.22 --- P. R. Dando, J. A. Hughes, and F. Thiermann: Preliminary observations on biological communities at shallow hydrothermal vents in the Aegean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:303-317, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.23 --- S. M. Sudarikov and S. V. Galkin: Geochemistry of the Snake Pit vent field and its implications for vent and non-vent fauna / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:319-327, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.24 --- Gareth Rieley, Cindy L. van Dover, David B. Hedrick, David C. White, and Geoffrey Eglinton: Lipid characteristics of hydrothermal vent organisms from 9°N, East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:329-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.25 --- D. R. Dixon, D. A. S. B. Jollivet, L. R. J. Dixon, J. A. Nott, and P. W. H. Holland: The molecular identification of early life-history stages of hydrothermal vent organisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:343-350, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.26 --- Don A. Cowan: Hyperthermophilic enzymes: biochemistry and biotechnology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:351-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.27 --- Christopher R. German and Martin V. Angel: Hydrothermal fluxes of metals to the oceans: a comparison with anthropogenic discharge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:365-372, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.28 --- Kevin G. Speer and Karl R. Helfrich: Hydrothermal plumes: a review of flow and fluxes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:373-385, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.29 --- Mark D. Rudnicki: Particle formation, fallout and cycling within the buoyant and non-buoyant plume above the TAG vent field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 87:387-396, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.30

Note: Contents: 1 Global Distribution of Lakes / M. MEYBECK. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Background Material and Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 2.1 Data Used. - 2.2 Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 3 General Laws of Lake Distribution. - 3.1 Lake Density . - 3.2 Limnic Ratio. - 4 Distribution of Lakes of Tectonic Origin. - 5 Lakes of Glacial Origin. - 5.1 Lake Densities. - 5.2 Global Deglaciated Area. - 5.3 Total Number of Glacial Lakes. - 6 Fluvial Lakes. - 7 Global Distribution of Crater Lakes. - 8 Global Distribution of Saline Lakes. - 8.1 Coastal Lagoons. - 8.2 Salinized Lakes due to Evaporation. - 9 Global Lake Distribution. - 9.1 Extrapolation Approach. - 9.2 Lake Type Approach. - 9.3 Climatic Typology Approach. - 9.4 Lake Distribution in Endorheic Areas. - 9.5 Global Dissolved Salt Distribution in Lakes. - 10 Major Changes in Global Lake Distribution in the Geological Past. - 10.1 Lake Ages. - 10.2 Historical Changes. - 10.3 Postglacial Changes. - 11 Discussion and Conclusions. - References. - 2 Hydrological Processes and the Water Budget of Lakes / T. C. WINTER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological System with Regard to Lakes. - 2.1 Interaction of Lakes with Atmospheric Water. - 2.2 Interaction of Lakes with Surface Water. - 2.3 Interaction of Lakes with Subsurface Water. - 2.4 Change in Lake Volume. - 3 Summary. - References. - 3 Hydrological and Thermal Response of Lakes to Climate: Description and Modeling / S. W. HOSTETLER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological Response. - 3 The Hydrological Budget. - 4 Hydrological Models. - 5 Thermal Response. - 5.1 Energy Budget and Energy Budget Models. - 5.2 Models and Modeling. - 6 Use of Models to Link Lakes with Climate Change. - 7 Input Data Sets. - 8 Sample Applications. - 9 Summary. - References. - 4 Mixing Mechanisms in Lakes / D. M. IMBODEN and A. WÜEST. - 1 Transport and Mixing. - 2 Lakes as Physical Systems. - 3 Fluid Dynamics: Mathematical Description of Advection and Diffusion. - 3.1 Equations of Fluid Motion. - 3.2 Turbulence, Reynolds' Stress, and Eddy Diffusion. - 3.3 Vertical Momentum Equation. - 3.4 Nonlocal Diffusion and Transilient Mixing. - 4 Density and Stability of Water Column. - 4.1 Equation of State of Water. - 4.2 Potential Temperature and Local Vertical Stability. - 5 Energy Fluxes: Driving Forces Behind Transport and Mixing. - 5.1 Thermal Energy. - 5.2 Potential Energy. - 5.3 Kinetic Energy. - 5.4 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Balance in Stratified Water. - 5.5 Internal Turbulent Energy Fluxes: Turbulence Cascade. - 6 Mixing Processes in Lakes. - 6.1 Waves and Mixing. - 6.2 Mixing in the Surface Layer. - 6.3 Diapycnal Mixing. - 6.4 Boundary Mixing. - 6.5 Double Diffusion. - 6.6 Isopycnal Mixing. - 7 Mixing and Its Ecological Relevance. - 7.1 Time Scales of Mixing. - 7.2 Reactive Species and Patchiness. - 7.3 Mixing and Growth: The Search for an Ecological Steering Factor. - References. - 5 Stable Isotopes of Fresh and Saline Lakes / J. R. GAT. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Isotope Separatio During Evaporation. - 2 Small-Area Lakes. - 2.1 Seasonal and Annual Changes. - 2.2 Deep Freshwater Lakes. - 2.3 Transient Surface-Water Bodies. - 3 Interactive and Feedback Systems. - 3.1 Network of Surface-Water Bodies. - 3.2 Recycling of Reevaporated Moisture into the Atmosphere. - 3.3 Large Lakes. - 3.4 Large-Area Lakes with Restricted Circulation. - 4 Saline Lakes. - 4.1 Isotope Hydrology of Large Salt Lakes. - 4.2 Ephemeral Salt Lakes and Sabkhas. - 5 Isotopie Paleolimnology. - 6 Conclusions: From Lakes to Oceans. - References. - 6 Exchange of Chemicals Between the Atmosphere and Lakes / P. VLAHOS, D. MACKAY, S. J. EISENREICH, and KC. HORNBUCKLE. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Air-Water Partitioning Equilibria. - 3 Diffusion Between Water and Air. - 4 Volatilization and Absorption: Double-Resistance Approach. - 5 Factors Affecting Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 6 Partitioning of Chemical to Paniculate Matter in Air and Water. - 6.1 Air. - 6.2 Water. - 7 Atmospheric Deposition Processes. - 7.1 Dry Deposition. - 7.2 Wet Deposition. - 8 Specimen Calculation. - 8.1 Step 1: Physicochemical Properties. - 8.2 Step 2: Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 8.3 Step 3: Sorption in Air and Water. - 8.4 Step 4: Equilibrium Status. - 8.5 Step 5: Volatilization and Deposition Rates. - 9 Role of Air-Water Exchange in Lake Mass Balances. - 10 Case Studies. - 10.1 Mass Balance on Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale. - 10.2 Mass Balance on Lake Superior. - 10.3 Air-Water Exchange in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. - 10.4 Air-Water Exchange in Lake Superior. - 11 Conclusions. - References. - 7 Atmospheric Depositions: Impact of Acids on Lakes / W. STUMM and J. SCHNOOR. - Abstract. - 1 Introduction: Anthropogenic Generation of Acidity. - 1.1 Genesis of Acid Precipitation. - 2 Acidity and Alkalinity: Neutralizing Capacities. - 2.1 Transfer of Acidity (or Alkalinity) from Pollution Through the Atmosphere to Ecosystems. - 3 Acidification of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. - 3.1 Disturbance of H+ Balance from Temporal or Spatial Decoupling of the Production and Mineralization of the Biomass. - 3.2 In Situ H+ Ion Neutralization in Lakes. - 3.3 Krug and Frink Revisited. - 4 Brønsted Acids and Lewis Acids: Pollution by Heavy Metals, as Influenced by Acidity. - 4.1 Cycling of Metals. - 4.2 Pb in Soils. - 5 Impact of Acidity on Ecology in Watersheds. - 5.1 Soils. - 5.2 Lakes. - 5.3 Nitrogen Saturation of Forests. - 6 Critical Loads. - 6.1 Critical Load Maps. - 6.2 Models for Critical Load Evaluation. - 7 Case Studies. - 7.1 Chemical Weathering of Crystalline Rocks in the Catchment Area of Acidic Ticino Lakes, Switzerland. - 7.2 Watershed Manipulation Project at Bear Brooks, Maine. - 8 Summary. - References. - 8 Redox-Driven Cycling of Trace Elements in Lakes / J. HAMILTON-TAYLOR and W. DAVISON. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Major Biogeochemical Cycles and Pathways. - 3 Iron and Manganese. - 3.1 Transformations and Cycling. - 3.2 Iron and Manganese Compounds as Carrier Phases. - 4 Sediment-Water Interface. - 4.1 Diffusive Flux from Sediments. - 4.2 Evidence of Little or No Diffusive Efflux from Sediments. - 4.3 Transient Remobilization. - 4.4 Diffusive Flux into Sediments. - 5 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Directly: Case Studies. - 5.1 Arsenic. - 5.2 Chromium. - 5.3 239,240Pu. - 5.4 Selenium 6 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Indirectly: Case Studies. - 6.1 137Cs. - 6.2 Stable Pb, 210Pb, and 210Po. - 6.3 Zinc. - 7 Summary and Conclusions. - References. - 9 Comparative Geochemistry of Marine Saline Lakes / F. T. MACKENZIE, S. VINK, R. WOLLAST, and L. CHOU. - 1 Introduction. - 2 General Characteristics of Marine Saline Lakes. - 3 Comparative Sediment-Pore-Water Reactions. - 3.1 Mangrove Lake, Bermuda. - 3.2 Solar Lake, Sinai. - 4 Conclusions. - References. - 10 Organic Matter Accumulation Records in Lake Sediments / P. A. MEYERS and R. ISHIWATARI. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Significance of Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 1.2 Origins of Organic Matter to Lake Sediments. - 1.3 Alterations of Organic Matter During Deposition. - 1.4 Similarities and Differences Between Organic Matter in Sediments of Lakes and Oceans. - 1.5 Dating of Lake-Sediment Records. - 2 Indicators of Sources and Alterations of Total Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 2.1 Source Information Preserved in C/N Ratios of Sedimentary Organic Matter. - 2.2 Source Information from Carbon-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 2.3 Source Information from Nitrogen-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 3 Origin and Alterations of Humic Substances. - 4 Sources and Alterations of Lipid Biomarkers. - 4.1 Alteration of Lipids During Deposition. - 4.2 Changes in Sources vs Selective Diagenesis. - 4.3 Effects of Sediment Grain Size on Geolipid Compositions. - 4.4 Source Records of Alkanes in Lake Sediments. - 4.5 Preserv

Note: Chapter 1. Structural Relaxation and the Glass Transition by Cornelius T. Moynihan, p. 1 - 20 Chapter 2. Relaxation in Silicate Melts: Some Applications by Donald B. Dingwell, p. 21 - 66 Chapter 3. Rheology and Configurational Entropy of Silicate Melts by P. Richet & Y. Bottinga, p. 67 - 94 Chapter 4. Viscoelasticity by Sharon L. Webb and Donald B. Dingwell, p. 95 - 120 Chapter 5. Energetics of Silicate Melts by Alexandra Navrotsky, p. 121 - 144 Chapter 6. Thermodynamic Mixing Properties and the Structure of Silicate Melts by Paul C. Hess, p. 145 - 190 Chapter 7. Dynamics and Structure of Silicate and Oxide Melts: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies by Jonathan F. Stebbins, p. 191 - 246 Chapter 8. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Silicate Liquids by Paul F. McMillan and George H. Wolf, p. 247 - 316 Chapter 9. X-ray Scattering and X-ray Spectroscopy Studies of Silicate Melts by Gordon E. Brown, Jr., François Farges, and G. Calas, p. 317 - 410 Chapter 10. Diffusion in Silicate Melts by Sumit Chakraborty, p. 411 - 504 Chapter 11. Pressure Effects on Silicate Melt Structure and Properties by G. H. Wolf and Paul F. McMillan, p. 505 - 562 Chapter 12. Computer Simulations of Silicate Melts by Peter H. Poole, Paul F. McMillan, and George H. Wolf, p. 563 - 616

Note: Table of Contents: Introduction / R. L. M. Vissers and A. Nicolas. - PART I: MARINE STUDIES. - An Ultramafic Lift at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Successive Stages of Magmatism in Serpentinized Peridotites from the 15°N Region / Mathilde Cannat and John F. Casey. - Gabbroic Dikelets in Serpentinized Peridotites from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 23°20'N / P. Tartarotti, M. Cannat and C. Me el. - Mafic and Ultramafic Intrusions into Upper Mantle Peridotites from Fast Spreading Centers of the Easter Microplate (South East Pacific) / M. Constantin, R. Hekinian, D. Ackermand and P. Stoffers. - PART II: OPHIOLITE STUDIES. - Plastic Deformation of Gabbros in a Slow-spreading Mesozoic Ridge: Example of the Montgenevre Ophiolite, Western Alps / R. Caby. - Pre-orogenic High Temperature Shear Zones in an Ophiolite Complex (Bracco Massif, Northern Apennines, Italy) / Giancarlo Molli. - A Detailed Study of Mantle Flow away from Diapirs in the Oman Ophiolite / B. Ildefonse, S. Billiau and A. Nicolas. - PART III: NUMERICAL MODELLING. - Non Steady-State Thermal Model of Spreading Ridges: Implications for Melt Generation and Mantle Outcrops / Chantal Tisseau and Thierry Tonnerre.

Note: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS: Einleitung. - Teil I Eindimensionale stochastische Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung. - Kapitel 1. Stochastische Integrale und Differentiale. - § 1. Der WIENERprozeß. - § 2. Das stochastische Integral. - § 3. Eigenschaften des stochastischen Integrals als Punktion der oberen Grenze. - § 4. Stochastische Integrale mit zufälligen Grenzen. - Kapitel 2. Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - § 5. Die stochastische Differentialgleichung erster Ordnung. - § 6. Existenz und Eindeutigkeit der Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - § 7. Parameterabhängige stochastische Differentialgleichungen. - § 8. Die Abhängigkeit der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen von den Anfangsbedingungen. - Kapitel 3. Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen und MARKOWsche Diffusionsprozesse. - § 9. MARKOWsche Prozesse. Diffusionsprozesse. - § 10. Diffusionsprozesse als Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - §11. Die Gleichungen von A. N. KOLMOGOROW. - § 12. Über Maße, die durch die Diffusionsprozesse in den Funktionenraum induziert werden. - § 13. Formeln für die Dichte der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit. - § 14. Die Gleichungen von A. N. KOLMOGOROW für die Dichte der Übergangswahrscheinlichkeit. - § 15. Zeithomogene Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - Kapitel 4. Das asymptotische Verhalten der Lösungen stochastischer Gleichungen. - § 16. Beschränktheit und Unbeschränktheit der Lösungen stochastischer Gleichungen. - § 17. Sätze über das asymptotische Verhalten der Lösungen stochastischer Gleichungen. - § 18. Ergodensätze. - § 19. Die Stabilität der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 20. Einige andere Grenzwertsätze Kapitel 5. Stochastische Differentialgleichungen auf einem endlichen räumlichen Intervall. - § 21. Randbedingungen an den Intervallenden. - § 22. Der Prozeß mit Absorption am Band. - § 23. Die momentane Reflexion am Rand. - § 24. Die verzögerte Reflexion am Rand. - § 25. Prozesse mit sprungartiger Reflexion am Rand. - Teil II Systeme von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - Kapitel 1. Stochastische Vektordifferentialgleichungen. - § 1. Das stochastische Kurvenintegral. - § 2. Das stochastische Kurvenintegral als Punktion der oberen Grenze. - § 3. Die stochastische Differentialgleichung. - Kapitel 2. Stochastische Differentialgleichungen ohne Nachwirkung. - § 4. Einführende Bemerkungen. - § 5. Gewisse Spezialfälle von stochastischen Integralen. - § 6. Die verallgemeinerte Irö-Formel für stochastische Differentiale. - § 7. Stochastische Differentialgleichungen ohne Nachwirkung. - § 8. Parameterabhängige stochastische Differentialgleichungen. Die Differenzierbarkeit nach den Anfangswerten. - § 9. Lösungen von stochastischen Differentialgleichungen als MAKKOWsche Prozesse. - § 10. Verteilungen von Funktionalen von Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 11. Einige Probleme bei homogenen stochastischen Differentialgleichungen. - Kapitel 3. Das asymptotische Verhalten der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 12. Die Stabilität der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 13. Die Beschränktheit der Lösungen stochastischer Differentialgleichungen. - § 14. Grenzwertsätze für stochastische Differentialgleichungen. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Sachverzeichnis. , Aus dem Russischen übersetzt

Note: Jeremy R. A. Giles: The what, why, when, how, where and who of geological data management / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.01 --- Database design --- Ken Rasmussen: An overview of database analysis and design for geological systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:5-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.02 --- K. J. Chew: Data modelling a general-purpose petroleum geological database / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:13-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.03 --- J. S. Coats and J. R. Harris: Database design in geochemistry: BGS experience / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:25-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.04 --- J. R. A. Giles and K. A. Bain: The nature of data on a geological map / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:33-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.05 --- Michael R. Saunders, John A. Shields, and Michael R. Taylor: Improving the value of geological data: a standardized data model for industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:41-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.06 --- M. Lhotak and M. C. Boulter: Towards the creation of an international database of palaeontology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:55-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.07 --- D. G. Toll and A. J. Oliver: Structuring soil and rock descriptions for storage in geotechnical databases / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:65-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.08 --- S. C. R. Mallender: The use of text databases in the management of exploration data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:73-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.09 --- Data Management --- D. J. Lowe: The geological data manager: an expanding role to fill a rapidly growing need / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.10 --- Paul R. Duller: The quality assurance of geological data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:91-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.11 --- Stephen Henley: Project databases: standards and security / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:97-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.12 --- Roy K. Lowry and Raymond N. Cramer: Database applications supporting Community Research Projects in NERC marine sciences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:103-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.13 --- Roy K. Lowry and Stephen G. Loch: Transfer and SERPLO: powerful data quality control tools developed by the British Oceanographic Data Centre / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:109-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.14 --- R. C. Bowie: Data management in the National Geological Records Centre / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:117-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.15 --- Richard G. Miller and John S. Gardner: Geoscience data value, cost and management in the oil industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:127-135, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.16 --- Case Studies --- P. Doorgakant: Groundwater level archive for England and Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:137-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.17 --- S. Power, M. Scott, G. Robinson, and I. Statham: Database design and data management on the Swansea-Llanelli Earth Science Mapping Project / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:145-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.18 --- Andrew A. McKenzie: A hydrogeological database for Honduras / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:157-162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.19 --- Stephen G. Allen: CD-ROM and its application to the petroleum industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 97:163-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.097.01.20

Note: R. C. Preece: Introduction - Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.01 --- Brian M. Funnell: Global sea-level and the (pen-)insularity of late Cenozoic Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:3-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.02 --- P. L. Gibbard: The formation of the Strait of Dover / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:15-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.03 --- D. R. Bridgland and B. D’Olier: The Pleistocene evolution of the Thames and Rhine drainage systems in the southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.04 --- Andrew G. Bellamy: Extension of the British landmass: evidence from shelf sediment bodies in the English Channel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:47-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.05 --- D. H. Keen: Raised beaches and sea-levels in the English Channel in the Middle and Late Pleistocene: problems of interpretation and implications for the isolation of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.06 --- J. D. Scourse and R. M. Austin: Palaeotidal modelling of continental shelves: marine implications of a land-bridge in the Strait of Dover during the Holocene and Middle Pleistocene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:75-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.07 --- T. Meijer and R. C. Preece: Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:89-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.08 --- A. J. Stuart: Insularity and Quaternary vertebrate faunas in Britain and Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:111-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.09 --- Antony J. Sutcliffe: Insularity of the British Isles 250 000–30 000 years ago: the mammalian, including human, evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.10 --- Alan Turner: Evidence for Pleistocene contact between the British Isles and the European Continent based on distributions of larger carnivores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:141-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.11 --- Adrian M. Lister: Sea-levels and the evolution of island endemics: the dwarf red deer of Jersey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:151-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.12 --- K. D. Bennett: Insularity and the Quaternary tree and shrub flora of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:173-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.13 --- Robert J. N. Devoy: Deglaciation, Earth crustal behaviour and sea-level changes in the determination of insularity: a perspective from Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:181-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.14 --- Robin T. R. Wingfield: A model of sea-levels in the Irish and Celtic seas during the end-Pleistocene to Holocene transition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:209-242, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.15 --- P. Coxon and S. Waldren: The floristic record of Ireland’s Pleistocene temperate stages / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:243-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.16

Note: Maarten J. De Wit and Andrew Hynes: The onset of interaction between the hydrosphere and oceanic crust, and the origin of the first continental lithosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:1-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.01 --- Kenneth A. Eriksson: Crustal growth, surface processes, and atmospheric evolution on the early Earth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:11-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.02 --- E. G. Nisbet: Archaean ecology: a review of evidence for the early development of bacterial biomes, and speculations on the development of a global-scale biosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:27-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.03 --- R. M. Shackleton: Tectonic evolution of greenstone belts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:53-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.04 --- P. Choukroune, H. Bouhallier, and N. T. Arndt: Soft lithosphere during periods of Archaean crustal growth or crustal reworking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:67-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.05 --- Peter J. Treloar and Tom G. Blenkinsop: Archaean deformation patterns in Zimbabwe: true indicators of Tibetan-style crustal extrusion or not? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.06 --- James F. Wilson, Robert W. Nesbitt, and C. Mark Fanning: Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:109-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.07 --- Alec F. Trendall: Paradigms for the Pilbara / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:127-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.08 --- John S. Myers: The generation and assembly of an Archaean supercontinent: evidence from the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:143-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.09 --- D. I. Groves, J. R. Ridley, E. M. J. Bloem, M. Gebre-Mariam, S. G. Hagemann, J. M. A. Hronsky, J. T. Knight, N. J. McNaughton, J. Ojala, R. M. Vielreicher, T. C. McCuaig, and P. W. Holyland: Lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn block: products of Late Archaean crustal-scale overpressured hydrothermal systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:155-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.10 --- R. J. Herrington: Late Archaean structure and gold mineralization in the Kadoma region of the Midlands greenstone belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:173-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.11 --- David Bridgwater, Flemming Mengel, Brian Fryer, Paul Wagner, and Søren Claudius Hansen: Early Proterozoic mafic dykes in the North Atlantic and Baltic cratons: field setting and chemistry of distinctive dyke swarms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:193-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.12 --- R. G. Park: Palaeoproterozoic Laurentia-Baltica relationships: a view from the Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.13 --- Timothy James Wynn: Deformation in the mid to lower continental crust: analogues from Proterozoic shear zones in NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:225-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.14 --- Mike P. Coward, Richard M. Spencer, and Camille E. Spencer: Development of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:243-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.15 --- R. H. Graham: Asian analogues for Precambrian tectonics? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:271-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.16

Note: 1. Einleitung --- 2. Züchtungsmethode --- 2.1. Kristallzüchtung im geschlossenen System --- 3. Thermodynamische Abschätzung der Versuchsbedingungen --- 4. Apparative Voraussetzungen --- 4.1. Transportofen --- 4.2. Temperaturmessung und -kontrolle --- 4.3. Elektromagnet --- 5. Durchführung der Experimente --- 5.1. Apparative Voraussetzungen für die Untersuchung der Ausgangs- und Endsubstanzen --- 5.1.1. Goniometrische Vermessungen --- 5.1.2. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen --- 5.1.3. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen --- 6. Verwendete Substanzen --- 6.1. Magnetit --- 6.1.1. Vorbehandlung des Magnetits --- 6.2. Hämatit --- 6.2.1. Vorbehandlung des Hämatits --- 6.3. Magnetische Untersuchung beider Ausgangssubstanzen --- 7. Ergebnisse bei der Einkristallzüchtung von Magnetit und Hämatit im Magnetfeld --- 7.1. Wachstumsformen --- 7.2. Orientierung --- 8. Kristallographische und magnetische Eigenschaften von Magnetit und Hämatit --- 8.1. Kristallographische Struktur des Magnetits --- 8.2 . Kristallographische Struktur des Hämatits --- 8.3 . Magnetokristalline Anisotropie --- 8.3.1. Temperaturabhängigkeit der Kristallanisotropie --- 8.4. Übersicht über die wichtigsten strukturellen und magnetischen Eigenschaften von Magnetit und Hämatit --- 9. Magnetische Struktur und Eigenschaften kleiner Teilchen --- 9.1. Magnetisierungsvorgang --- 9.2. Anisotropie --- 9.3. Superparamagnetismus --- 9.3.1. Magnetisierungsvorgang in Superparamagnetika --- 10. Deutung der Ergebnisse --- 10.1. Abschätzung kritischer Teilchengrößen --- 10.1.1. Allgemeines zur kritischen Teilchengröße --- Berechnung kritischer Teilchengrößen von Magnetit --- Kritische Teilchengröße von Hämatit --- Berechnung der kritischen Teilchengröße von Hämatit --- Abschätzung und Vergleich der magnetischen und thermischen Energie --- Bildanhang --- Literaturverzeichnis.

Note: Es wurden die Ergebnisse der Zeitbestimmungen auf Homogenität der Gruppenvarianzen, Normalverteilung der Beobachtungen, Unterschiede für die Ausgleichungsverianten und systematische Abweichung der Ortssternzeiten der Haupt- und Parallelbeobachtungen untersucht. Nachdem die Einzelergebnisse der Längenbestimmung als zweiseitige L!ingenunterschiede und einseitige Längen gegen Greenwich berechnet waren, wurden verschiedene Verfahren (allgemeine arithmetische Mittelbildung, Ver:fahren der Regressionsanalyse nach SCHÄDLICH, ."direktes" Verfahren nach RADECKI) angewandt, um Endergebnisse der Längenbestimmung zu erhalten. Diese wurden durch Vergleich eingeschätzt. Dann ergaben eich die definitiven Ergebnisse für die Längenunterschiede und Längen auf Grund der obenerwähnten Untersuchungen. Aus ihrem Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen früherer Längenbestimmungen (1903, 1929, 1960) folgte, daß keine systematischen Fehleranteile in den definitiven Längenunterschieden zu erkennen sind. Somit können die erhaltenen mittleren Fehler von 3,5 ms als wahre äußere Genauigkeiten betrachtet werden. Als Schlußfolgerung ergibt sich, daß auch die Beobachtungsergebnisse an Passageinstrument.en zum Studium rezenter horizontaler Erdkrustenbewegungen beitragen können.