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  • Books  (8)
  • Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (7)
  • Berlin : Carl Duisberg Ges.
  • Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
  • Boston : Academic Press
  • De Gruyter
  • RAND Corporation
  • Springer Nature
  • Universidad Santiago de Cali
  • Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
  • English  (8)
  • Italian
  • Spanish
  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • AWI Library  (8)
Collection
  • Books  (8)
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  • English  (8)
  • Italian
  • Spanish
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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    An analysis of nondestructive sensing of water content by microwaves (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-295
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Physical basis of microwave moisture sensing. - Physics of transmission and reflection. - General behavior of reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves through media of finite thicknesses. - Water-content determination by reflection or transmission measurements on micro-waves. - Outlook for microwave moisture sensors. - Future studies. - Bibliography. - Appendix A. Computer program. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Microwave instrumentation is used for nondestructive measurement of the water content of materials. The basis of all microwave moisture sensors is that the dielectric constants of material that contains water are a strong function of water content. The microwave moisture sensors based on a reflection or transmission principle are shown to have the disadvantage of requiring that a calibration be made for each sample thickness. Several alternative routes for developing reliable microwave moisture sensors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 295
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035634716
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
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    Strength and deformability of rocks at low temperatures (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-294
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Test materials. - Testing programs. - Test equipment. - Loading machine. - Environmental chamber. - Platen arrangements. - Stress/strain measurements. - Test procedures. - General. - Uniaxial compressive strength. - Diametral compression tests. - Stress/strain tests. - Test results. - Uniaxial compressive strength. - Brazil tensile strength. - Ring tensile strength. - Stress/strain characteristics. - Discussion. - Strength as a function of water content at room temperature. - Strength as a function of water content at -25°C. - Effect of temperature on the strength of nominally dry rocks. - Effect of low temperature on the strength of water-saturated rocks. - Effect of water on deformability at room temperature. - Deformability of air-dry rock as a function of temperature. - Effect of low temperature on the deformability of water-saturated rocks. - Conclusions and recommendations. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.Test materials for low temperature studies in rock mechanics. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Strength tests were made on three types of rock, both "air-dry" and water-saturated, at temperatures from +25° to -195°C, and stress/strain tests were made down to -60°C. Strength of air-dry specimens increased with decreasing temperature at an average rate of approximately 2 x 10^-3 °C^-1, and quasi-elastic moduli increased at comparable rates. Static fatigue mechanisms in air-dry rock were apparently influenced by temperature-modification of adsorbed water. Strength of water-saturated specimens increased dramatically as pore water froze, and continued to increase down to -120°C, where compressive and tensile strengths were greater than room temperature values by factors of 5, 4 and 2 for sandstone, limestone and granite respectively. Compressive stress/strain curves for saturated rocks became steeper after freezing, and initial tangent moduli for saturated high porosity rocks increased by well over an order of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 75 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 294
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5861472
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Phase composition of pore water in cold rocks (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-292
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - General introduction. - A. Pore water freezing data from differential thermal analysis. - Apparatus and technique. - Results. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - B. Indirect determination of pore water freezing data for rocks. - Air penetration tests. - Mercury penetration measurements. - Calculation of unfrozen water content and freezing point depression. - Comparison of calculated and measured freezing characteristics. - Conclusions. - C. Electrical conductivity measurements. - Procedures. - Results. - Discussion of results. - D. Thermal strains in cold rock. - Preliminary tests. - Recording dilatometer. - Test procedure. - Results. - Discussion. - Conclusions. - E. lsothermal compressibility of cold rocks. - Test method. - Test results. - Discussion of results. - Conclusion and recommendations. - General summary of results. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Water adsorption. - Appendix B: Adsorption and absorption by Rochester shale. - Appendix C: Low temperature conductivity of saturated wood. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The phase composition of pore water in three types of rock subjected to temperature below 0°C was explored by a variety of techniques. Freezing point depression was measured as a function of water content by differential thermal analysis, the results yielding relationships between unfrozen water content and temperature. In an effort to avoid the practical difficulties involved in differential thermal analysis, attempts were made to determine freezing characteristics indirectly by air penetration and mercury penetration techniques applied at ordinary room temperatures. Electrical conductivity measurements were made as a function of temperature down to -195° C in an attempt to obtain information on characteristics of interfacial water films at low temperatures. Thermal strain was measured as a function of temperature in order to detect direct mechanical effects associated with phase changes, chiefly strain discontinuities brought about by volume changes in the pore water during rapid freezing and thawing. Finally, isothermal compressibility measurements, with pressures up to 27 kb, were made at - 10°C so as to determine whether the rock underwent step changes in volumetric strain at pressures corresponding to those of the phase boundaries for ice polymorphs.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 61 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 292
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035634531
    Language: English
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 4
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    Hydrologic reconnaissance of the Delta River and its drainage basin, Alaska (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-262
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Regional setting. - General description and topography. - Geology. - Soils. - Climate. - Precipitation. - Temperature. - Weather during period of study. - Vegetation. - Hydrology. - Water balance. - Introduction. - Yield. - Precipitation. - Loss of glacial storage. - Evapotranspiration. - Summary. - Flow variability. - Flow-duration curves. - Flood estimation. - Response to rain and meltwater. - Water quality. - Introduction. - Suspended sediment. - Bedload. - Dissolved sediment. - Water temperatures. - Channel shape and process. - General characteristics of braided channels. - Channel material. - Channel shape. - Channel changes. - Introduction. - Channel profiles. - Ground photography. -Vertical aerial photography. - Freeze-up and breakup. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Selected bibliography. - Appendix A: Measurement site locations and methods. - Appendix B: Installation of water-level recorder. - Appendix C: Delta river quicksilts - properties and mode of formation. - Appendix D: Channel shape data. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A one-year reconnaissance study was made of a large braided glacial river and its drainage basin (drainage area 1665 m^2; elevation range 1000 - 10,000 ft) for which a minimum of hydrometric and meteorologic data existed. The report includes estimates of the water balance, flow-duration curves, and sediment characteristics, and descriptions of stream response to glacial melt and rain, channel geometry and channel processes. Mean annual basin precipitation is estimated at 40.4 in. and mean annual loss of permanent glacial storage is about 1 in. About 30% of this leaves the basin as evapotranspiration, 50% as stream flow, and 20% as groundwater flow. Characteristics of response to glacial melt are outlined. Flow peaks near the mouth occur within 24 hours of rainfall Greater than 0.5 in./day at foothills meteorological stations; rains of less than that amount do not generally produce discernible stream response. Stream channel geometry is described in detail. Most channels on the lower floodplain are asymmetrical and are roughly triangular or parabolic, and have high width/depth ratios. At-a-station hydraulic geometry is described. Surveys and gr ound and aerial photography are used to describe channel changes.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 83 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 262
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5861449
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Numerical differentiation by spline functions and its application to analyzing a lake temperature observation (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-293
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - What is a spline function?. - 1. Determination of a cubic spline. - 2. Effect of end conditions. - 3. Some properties of cubic splines. - Application to a lake temperature observation. - 1. Observed temperatures. - 2. Integral residuals of the observed temperatures. - 3. Theoretical temperature distributions. - Conclusion. - Literature cited.
    Description / Table of Contents: Numerical differentiation by use of classical interpolation formulas yields a diversity of results. Consistent numerical differentiation can be performed by using a spline function as an interpolating function. As an application, temperature observed in a lake is numerically differentiated as a function of time and of depth by use of cubic splines. The deviation of the actual heat transfer mechanism from vertical heat conduction can thus be detected. The reliability of numerical differentiation by spline functions is manifest in this example.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 293
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5861462
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Antarctica (1988)
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: SR 90.0002(1386-B) ; AWI G7-00-0234-1
    In: Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world
    In: Professional paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: XI, B-278 S. + 2 pl.
    Series Statement: Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world / ed. by Richards S. Williams ... B
    URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386b/
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 7
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    Low-temperature phases of interfacial water in clay-water systems (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-290
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Experimental procedure. - Results and discussion. - Derivation of unfrozen water contents from these results. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Low temperature differential thermal analyses of selected clay-water systems were made to locate important phase change temperatures and to define fruitful temperature-pressure fields for precise calorimetric investigation. In addition to an exotherm corresponding to initial freezing, one, two or three exotherms were observed between -35°C and -60°C. The low temperature exotherms do not depend critically upon water content, but clearly they are related to clay mineral and exchangeable cation type. The evolution of heat in this temperature range probably corresponds to a phase change in the interfacial water.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 17 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 290
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974458
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Series available for loan
    Deep core studies of the crystal structure and fabrics of Antarctic glacier ice (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-282
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Analytical procedures. - Measurement of crystal size. - Measurement of crystalorientation. - Results and discussion. - Byrd Station crystal structure and fabrics. - Little America V crystal structure and fabrics. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Radical differences in the crystal structure and fabrics of glacier ice cores at Byrd Station and Little America V, Antarctica, are attributed to gross differences in the thermal and deformational histories of the ice at these two locations. At Byrd Station the mean size of crystals increased more than sixfold between 65 m and the bottom of the drill hole at 309 m. Crystal size was also found to increase linearly with the age of the ice, thus simulating isothermal grain growth in metals. However, this growth was not accompanied by any dimensional orientation of crystals or entrapped bubbles, or by any significant increase in the degree of preferred orientation of crystallographic c-axes. These observations imply that negligible shearing is occurring in the top 300 m of the thick grounded ice sheet at Byrd Station. By contrast very considerable deformation is indicated for the floating 258-m-thick Ross Ice Shelf at Little America. This deformation is characterized by the widespread occurrence of "strained" crystals below 65 m, the existence of elongated oriented bubbles between 95 m and 130 m and the attainment of pronounced crystal orientation (multiple-maxima fabrics) by 100-m depth. Exaggerated growth of crystals below 150 m is attributed to increasing temperatures in the ice shelf. The crystal structure of these cores clearly demonstrates that glacial ice only is present in the Ross Ice Shelf at Little America V.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 282
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974485
    Language: English
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