ALBERT

Note: Zugl.: Reykjavík, Univ., Diss., 2009

Note: Zugl.: Reykjavík, Univ., Diss., 2009

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2009

Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2008

Note: Zugl.: Dresden, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2009

Note: Contents: Figures. - Tables. - Preface. - Illustrations. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1 Background. - 1.2 Scope of the text. - 1.3 World vegetation types. - 1.3.1 Vegetation formations and zones. - 1.3.2 Zonobiomes. - 1.3.3 Exoclimates. - 1.3.4 The Canadian vegetation classification system. - 1.3.5 Ecozones. - 1.3.6 Floristic realms. - 1.3.7 Plant species nomenclature. - 1.4 Soil classification and soil systems. - 1.5 Climatic parameters. - 1.5.1 The role of climate. - 1.5.2 Moisture indices. - 1.5.3 Climate diagrams. - 1.6 Plant strategies. - 1.6.1 Competition. - 1.6.2 Hydrature and moisture regulation. - 1.6.3 Life forms. - 1.6.4 Leaf morphology and adaptation. - 1.7 Biomass and net primary productivity. - 2. Tundra 2.1 Tundra distribution. - 2.2 Climate. - 2.3 Soils. - 2.4 Tundra in North America. - 2.4.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces and regions. - 2.4.2 High and mid-Arctic. - 2.4.3 Low Arctic. - 2.5 Tundra in other Northern Hemisphere locations. - 2.5.1 Arctic Tundra. - 2.5.2 Typical Tundra. - 2.5.3 Southern Tundra. - 2.5.4 Tundra on Arctic Islands. - 2.6 Tundea in the Southern Hemisphere. - 2.6.1 The Antarctic Subregion. - 2.6.2 The Sub-Antarctic Subregion. - 2.7 Alpine Tundra. - 2.7.1 Temperate-latitude alpine Tundra. - 2.7.2 Low-latitude (equatorial) alpine Tundra. - 2.8 Primary production and phytomass in Tundra. - 3. Forest-Tundra or Boreal-Tundra Ecotone. - 3.1 Definitions. - 3.2 Distribution. - 3.3 Climate. - 3.4 Soils. - 3.5 Forest-Tundra in Canada. - 3.5.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces. - 3.5.2 The shrub subzone (Northern Forest-Tundra). - 3.5.3 The forest subzone (Southern Forest Tundra). - 3.6 Eurasian Forest-Tundra. - 3.7 Primary production and phytomass in forest-Tundra. - 4. Boreal Forest (Taiga) and Mixed Forest Transition. - 4.1 Distribution. - 4.2 Climate. - 4.3 Soils. - 4.4 Boreal forest in North America. - 4.4.1 Open Lichen Woodland. - 4.4.2 Northern Coniferous Forest. - 4.4.3 Mixed-Forest (Boreal-Broadleaf ecotone). - 4.4.4 Mixed-Forest transition to grassland (Northern Mixedwoods). - 4.5 Eurasian Boreal. - 4.5.1 The European Boreal. - 4.5.2 The Siberian Boreal. - 4.5.3 Northwest Pacific Fringe Boreal. - 4.6 Primary production and phytomass in boreal forest. - 5. Prairie (Steppe). - 5.1 Distribution. - 5.2 Climate. - 5.2.1 North America. - 5.2.2 Climate in Eurasia and elsewhere. - 5.3 Soils. - 5.4 Prairie in North America. - 5.4.1 The Canadian Prairie. - 5.4.2 Prairie in the USA. - 5.5. Eurasian Steppe. - 5.6 Southern Hemisphere Grasslands. - 5.6.1 The High Veldt. - 5.6.2 The Pampas/Campos Grasslands. - 5.7 Primary production and biomass. - 6. Cordilleran Environments in Western North America. - 6.1 Canada's Cordilleran ecoclimatic provinces. - 6.1.1 Distribution. - 6.1.2 Climate. - 6.1.3 Soils. - 6.1.4 Pacific Coastal Mesothermal Forest. - 6.1.5 Pacific Coastal Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.6 Cordilleran Forest Region. - 6.1.7 Cordilleran Cold Steppe and Savanna Forst. - 6.1.8 Canadian Cordilleran Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.9 Alpine Tundra and Boreal Forest. - 6.2 The Cordilleran Region in the USA. - 6.2.1 Distribution. - 6.2.2 Northwest Coast Conifer-Hardwood Forests. - 6.2.3 Montane Pine Forests. - 6.2.4 Sagebrush and Grasslands. - 6.2.5 Interior Hemlock-Douglas-Fir-Larch. - 6.2.6 Subalpine Forest. - 6.3 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 7. Temperate Deciduous Forests. - 7.1 Distribution. - 7.2 Climate. - 7.3 Soils. - 7.4 Temperate Deciduous Forest in North America. - 7.4.1 Canada. - 7.4.2 United States of America. - 7.4.3 Southern Mexico and South America. - 7.5 Europe. - 7.5.1 Atlantic Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.2 Central European Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.3 East European Deciduous Forest. - 7.6 Asia. - 7.7 Southern Hemisphere. - 7.8 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 8. Wetlands. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Climate. - 8.3 Soils. - 8.4 Canadian Wetland Classification. - 8.4.1 Canadian Wetland Classification System. - 8.4.2 Wetland classes. - 8.4.3 Wetland forms and types. - 8.5 Canadian Wetlands. - 8.5.1 Arctic Wetlands. - 8.5.2 Subarctic Wetlands. - 8.5.3 Boreal Wetlands. - 8.5.4 Prairie Wetlands. - 8.5.5 Temperate Wetlands. - 8.5.6 Oceanic Wetlands. - 8.5.7 Mountain Wetlands. - 8.6 Wetlands in the USA. - 8.7 Eurasian Wetlands. - 8.7.1 European Wetlands. - 8.7.2 Asian Wetlands. - 8.8 Central and South American Wetlands. - 8.9 African Wetlands. - 8.10 Austromalesian and Pacific Wetlands. - 8.11 Phytomass and Primary Production. - 9. Conclusion. - Appendix: Biomials and their local names as used in the text. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: In kyrill. Schr. - Mit engl. Zsfassung

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ = Soderžanie = Table of Contents. - Предисловие = Predislovie = Foreword. - Аэрология = Aėrologija = Aerology. - Методика и результаты аэрологических наблюдений = Metodika i rezul'taty aėrologičeskich nabljudenij = Method and results of upper-air observations. - Таблица 1. Географические координаты станций = Tablica 1. Geografičeskie koordinaty stancij = Table 1. Geographical coordinates of stations. - Таблица 2. Среднее месячное давление = Tablica 2. Srednee Mesjačnoe davlenie = Table 2. Average monthly pressure. - Таблица 3. Средняя месячная высота и температура изобарических поверхностей = Tablica 3. Srednjaja mesjačnaja vysota i temperatura izobaričeskich poverchnostej = Table 3. Average monthly height and temperature of isobaric surfaces. - Таблица 4. Средняя месячная плотность воздуха = Tablica 4. Srednjaja mesjačnaja plotnost' vozducha = Table 4. Average monthly air density. - Таблица 5. Средняя месячная температура = Tablica 5. Srednjaja mesjačnaja temperatura = Table 5. Average monthly temperature. - Таблица 6. Максимальная температура = Tablica 6. Maksimal'naja temperatura = Table 6. Maximum temperature. - Таблица 7. Минимальная температура = Tablica 7. Minimal'naja temperatura = Table 7. The minimum temperature. - Таблица 8. Средняя высота изотермических поверхностей = Tablica 8. Srednjaja vysota izotermičeskich poverchnostej = Table 8. The average height of isothermal surfaces. - Таблица 9. Повторяемость высоты нижней границы инверсий и изотермий и числа дней с инверсиями и изотермиями = Tablica 9. Povtorjaemost' vysoty nižnej granicy inversij i izotermij i čisla s inversijami i izotermijami = Table 9. Repeatability of the height of the lower boundary of inversions and isotherms and the number of days with inversions and isotherms Таблица 10. Средняя мощность инверсий и изотермий = Tablica 10. Srednjaja moščnost' inversij i izotermij = Table 10. The average power of inversions and isotherms. - Таблица 11. Средняя интенсивность инверсий и изотермий = Tablica 11. Srednaja intensivnost' inversij i izotermij = Table 11. The average intensity of inversions and isotherms. - Таблица 12. Средняя высота и температура нижней границы тропопаузы = Tablica 12. Srednjaja vysota i temperatura nižnej granicy tropopauzy = Table 12. The average height and temperature of the lower border of the tropopause. - Таблица 13. Повторяемость высоты нижней границы тропопаузы = Tablica 13. Povtorjaemost' vysoty nižnej granicy tropopauzy = Table 13. Repeatability of the height of the lower tropopause border. - Таблица 14. Повторяемость температуры нижней границы тропопаузы = Tablica 14. Povtorjaemost' temperatury nižnej granicy tropopauzy =Table 14. Repeatability of temperature of the lower tropopause border. - Таблица 15. Средняя месячнан относительная влажность = Tablica 15. Srednjaja mesjačnan otnositel'naja vlažnost' = Table 15. Average monthly relative humidity. - Таблица 16. Средняя месячная удельная влажность = Tablica 16. Srednjaja mesjačnaja udel'naja vlažnost' = Table 16. Average monthly specific humidity. - Таблица 17. Средняя высота нижней границы облаков = Tablica 17. Srednaja vysota nižnej granicy oblakov = Table 17. The average height of the lower boundary of the clouds. - Таблица 18. Средняя месячная скорость ветра = Tablica 18. Srednjaja mesjačnaja skorost' vetra = Table 18. Average monthly wind speed. - Таблица 19. Максимальная скорость ветра = Tablica 19. Maksimal'naja skorost' vetra = Table 19. Maximum wind speed. - Таблица 20. Повторяемость направления ветра = Tablica 20. Povtorjaemost' napravlenija vetra = Table 20. Wind direction repeatability. - Таблица 21. Результаты температурно-ветрового зондирования атмосферы = Tablica 21. Rezul'taty temperaturno-vetrovogo zondirovanija atmosfery = Table 21. Results of temperature-wind sounding of the atmosphere. - , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Zugl.: Würzburg, Univ., Diss

Note: Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss

Note: Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Contents Foreword by Y. I. Chernov Introduction Explanations to tables Table 1: Distribution of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 2: The main characteristics of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 3: List of the weedy and adventitious vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Conclusion Acknowledgements References

Note: Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 1998

Note: Teilw. zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Zugl.: Aachen, TH, Diss., 1995

Note: Contents Observed Climatic Variability: Time Dependence / J. M. WALLACE Observed Climatic Variability: Spatial Structure / J. M. WALLACE Predictability of the Atmosphere and Oceans: From Days to Decades / T. N. PALMER Mechanisms for Decadal-to-Centennial Climate Variability / E. S. SARACHIK, M. WINTON and F. L. YIN Long-Term Coordinated Changesin the Convective Activity of the North Atlantic / R. DICKSON, J. LAZIER, J. MEINCKE and P. RHINES Mechanism for Decadal Climate Variability / M. LATIF, A. GROTZNER, M. MUNNICH, E. MAIER-REIMER, S. VENZKE and T. P. BARNETTA The Climate Response to the Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentration in the Atmosphere / L. BENGTSSON Analysis of Thermohaline Feedbacks / J. MAROTZKE An Overview of Century Time-Scale Variability in the Climate System: Observations and Models / T. F. STOCKER Steady States and Variability in Oceanic Zonal Flows / D. OLBERS and C. VOLKER Spectral Methods: What They Can and Cannot Do for Climatic Time Series / M. GHIL and P. Yiou Subject Index List of Participants

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Teilw. zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Bremerhaven, Hochschule, Diplom-Arbeit, 1995 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung. - IST-AUFNAHME. - 1. Grundlagen der Höchstleistungsrechner. - 1.1. Rechnerklassifikation. - 1.2 Speicherkonzepte. - 1.3 Verbindungsstrukturen. - 2. Parallele Programmierung. - 2.1 Partitionierung. - 2.2 Prozeßkommunikation. - 2.3 Agglomeration. - 2.4 Abbildung paralleler Prozesse. - 2.5 Beispiele paralleler Programme und Programmiermodelle. - 3. KSR1-Systemarchitektur. - 3.1 Prozessoreinheit. - 3.2 ALLCACHE-System. - 3.3. ALLCACHE-Engine. - 3.4. Externe Verbindungen. - 3.5 Betriebssystem und Software. - 4. Ozeanische Simulationsmodelle. - 4.1 Modular Ocean Model. - 4.1.1. SA-Diagramme. - 4.1.2 Datenbeschreibung. - 4.1.3 Prozeßspezifikationen. - 4.1.4. Petri-Netz des dynamischen Ablaufs. - SOLL-KONZEPT. - 5. Visualisierungsanforderungen. - 5.1 Funktionale Anforderungen. - 5.2 Gegebene Randbedingungen. - 6. Visualisierungsdaten. - 6.1 Petri-Netz der Datengenerierung. - 7. Programmierumgebung. - 7.1 OSF/Motif. - 7.2 Die p4-Bibliothek. - 8. Programmentwurf Xmom. - 8.1 SA-Diagramme. - 8.2 Datenbeschreibungen. - 8.3 Prozeßspezifikationen. - 8.4 Widget-Layout. - 8.5 Petri-Netz des dynamischen Ablaufs. - Bibliographie. - Anhang A Programmlisting. - Anhang B Graphikausdrucke.

Note: CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION TO STUDIES ON THE VEGETATION OF MONGOLIA. - NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS AND THE DYNAMICS OF VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION IN MONGOLIA. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Natural features of Mongolia. - 1.3 Landscape-ecological regions. - 1.4 Landscape and ecological factors of vegetation dynamics. - 1.5 Conclusion. - LATE QUATERNARY VEGETATION HISTORY OF MONGOLIA. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 An overview of previous studies. - Studies on the vegetation history of Mongolia. - Modern pollen spectra: problems of interpretation. - Pollen preservation. - Long distant transport and re-deposition of pollen. - 2.3 Data used in this study. - Modern data. - Fossil data. - 2.4 Regional pollen records from individual sites. - Hoton-Nur Lake. - Achit-Nur Lake. - Dood-Nur Lake. - Daba-Nur Lake. - Yamant-Nur Lake. - Gun-Nur Lake. - 2.5 Holocene changes in the distribution of tree and shrub taxa in Mongolia validated by plant macrofossil records. - Results. - Interpretation and discussion. - 2.6 Spatial reconstruction and mapping of Mongolian vegetation during the last 15,000 years using a «biornization» method. - Summary of the method. - Implementation for Mongolia. - Validation of the method: present-day pollen-derived biome reconstruction. - Application to the fossil pollen data. - 2.7 General discussion and conclusions. - ASSESSING PRESENT-DAY PLANT COVER DYNAMICS. - 3.1 Introduction. Modern Methods for Studying and Monitoring Plant Cover. - 3.2 Mountain Plant Community Dynamics. - 3.3 Plant Community Dynamics in Plains and Rocky Areas. - 3.4 Dynamics of Water-Associated Vegetation. - 3.5 Conclusions. - ANALYSIS OF PRESENT-DAY VEGETATION DYNAMICS. - 4.1 Basic changes in vegetation. - 4.2 Regressive plant community successions. - 4.3 Progressive plant community regeneration. - 4.4 Mapping vegetation dynamics. - 4.5 Conclusions. - STRATEGIES FOR NATURE MANAGEMENT AND VEGETATION CONSERVATION. - 5.1 Introduction. Methods for vegetation conservation. - 5.2 Restoration and conservation of botanical successions. - 5.3 Systems for the conservation of botanical diversity. - 5.4 Conclusions. - SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. - References. - Appendix 1. - Appendix 2. - Index.

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Contents Contributors Abbreviations and symbols Introduction Section 1. Isotope sources, analysis and interpretation of organic composition 1. High-precision deuterium and BC measurement by continuous flow-lRMS: organic and position-specific isotope analysis / J. T Brenna, H.J. Tobias and T.N. Corso Introduction CF-IRMS analysis of HD/H2 Carbon isotopes: automated position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) References 2. Carbon isotope effects on key reactions in plant metabolism and 13C-patterns in natural compounds / H.-L. Schmidt and G. Gleixner Introduction Influence of carboxylations on the initial 13C distribution pattern Influence of aldol reactions and decarboxylations on secondary distribution patterns Ester and aldol reactions during secondary metabolism Effect of other lyase reactions Reactions involving C1-metabolism Isotope effects on reactions introducing hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in biological compounds Conclusion References 3. Interpretation of oxygen isotope composition of leaf material/ G.D. Farquhar, M.M. Barbour and B.K. Henry Why are we interested in the oxygen isotope ratio of organic matter? Oxygen isotopes in plant organic matter: a historical perspective On the enrichment of 18O in water within the plant Variation within the leaf 30 Isotopic exchange of oxygen during metabolism Isotopic history of oxygen in organic molecules The potential for oxygen isotopes in evaluating plant water use Oxygen isotope composition of organic matter: methodology and analysis References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 4. lntramolecular deuterium distributions and plant growth conditions / J. Schleucher Introduction Methodology Variation of intramolecular D distributions Discussion and outlook References Section 2. Soils, nutrients and plants 5. Stable isotope studies of soil nitrogen / D.W. Hopkins, R.E. Wheatley and D. Robinson Introduction Transformations of soil nitrogen Distribution of soil nitrogen Spatial variability of soil N Use of 15N natural abundance to investigate soil processes Conclusions References 6. 15N at natural abundance levels in terrestrial vascular plants: a précis / L.L. Handley, C.M. Scrimgeour and J.A. Raven Introduction What are the patterns in the δ15N signal? Experimental systems Needs for research References 7. Variations in fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in higher plants : N metabolism and partitioning in phloem and xylem / T. Yoneyama, H. Fujiwara and J.M. Wilson Introduction Acquisition of nitrogen Metabolism of nitrogen Translocation of nitrogen C and N concentration and isotope composition in castor bean (Ricinus communis) Conclusions and future directions References Section 3. Photosynthesis, plants and water 8. Carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants: carboxylations and decarboxylations / J.S. Gillon, A.M. Borland, K.G. Harwood, A. Roberts, M.S.J. Broadmeadow and H. Griffiths Introduction Net carbon isotope discrimination Photosynthetic discrimination Respiratory discrimination Refixation of respiratory CO2 Discrimination under natural conditions Conclusions References 9. Carbon isotope discrimination in structural and non-structural carbohydrates in relation to productivity and adaptation to unfavourable conditions / E. Brugnoli, A. Scartazza, M. Lauteri, M.C. Monteverdi and C. Máguas 133 Introduction Theoretical background to carbon isotope discrimination WUE and plant productivity 1 Carbon isotope discrimination in soluble carbohydrates and productivity Soluble carbohydrate Δ13C and CO2 mesophyll conductance Concluding remarks References 10. Oxygen-18 of leaf water: a crossroad for plant-associated isotopic signals / D. Yakir Introduction Evaporative enrichment Source water Atmospheric moisture and boundary layers Bulk leaf water 2-D simulation of 18O in leaf water 18O of water in chloroplasts Conclusions References 11. The role of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in understanding water movement along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum / T.E. Dawson, R.C. Pausch, H.M. Parker Introduction Stable isotopes and our understanding of water movement along the soil-plant-atmospheric continuum Future research on isotopes and the SPAC References Section 4. Integration of terrestrial ecosystems 12. Oxygen isotope effects during CO2 exchange: from leaf to ecosystem processes / L.B. Flanagan Introduction Discrimination against C18O16O during photosynthetic gas exchange Oxygen isotope effects during respiratory CO2 exchange Relative influence of photosynthesis, respiration and turbulent fluxes on the isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 in plant canopies Regional and global variation in the influence of terrestrial ecosystems on the oxygen isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 References 13. Carbon isotope discrimination of terrestrial ecosystems / N. Buchmann, R.J. Brooks, L.B. Flanagan and J.R. Ehleringer Introduction Methodology Variation in Δe estimates Conclusions References 14. Assessing sensitivity to change in desert ecosystems - a stable isotope approach / J.R. Ehleringer, R.D. Evans and D. Williams Introduction Deserts as pulse-driven ecosystems Water uptake patterns by aridland plants Stomatal limitations as inferred from carbon isotope ratios Nitrogen sources Sensitivity of Colorado Plateau arid land ecosystems to invasions Conclusions References Section 5. Integration of marine ecosystems 15. Carbon stable isotope fractionation in marine systems: open ocean studies and laboratory studies / A.M. Johnston and H. Kennedy Introduction Open ocean studies Laboratory studies Recommendations for future research References 16. 15N and the assimilation of nitrogen by marine phytoplankton: the past, present and future? / N.J.P Owens and L.J. Watts Introduction The past - a short historical review Natural abundance v tracer studies The present - methods and techniques The present - a discussion of results from recent studies The future - possible developments for 15N studies in biological oceanography Summary and conclusions References Section 6. The immediate past: the Holocene 17. Archaeological reconstruction using stable isotopes / A.M. Pollard Introduction Isotope archaeology Dietary reconstruction using stable isotopes Isotopes and human mobility Summary References 18. Stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose / R. Switsur and J. Waterhouse Introduction Atmospheric carbon dioxide and carbon stable isotope ratios Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios References Section 7. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions from Precambrian to Quaternary 19. Phylogeny, palaeoatmospheres and the evolution of phototrophy / J.A. Raven Introduction The phylogeny of O2-producing phototrophs and their carboxylases Timing of origin of taxa of O2-evolving phototrophs in relation to changes in atmospheric composition The contribution of 13C/12C measurements to our understanding of the evolution of phototrophy Is the 13CO2/12CO2 discrimination factor of RUBISCO subject to direct natural selection? Conclusions and prospects References 20. Modelling changes in land plant function over the Phanerozoic / D.J. Beerling and F.I. Woodward Introduction Atmospheric evolution Phanerozoic changes in leaf function Terrestrial productivity in the Carboniferous Global patterns of leaf carbon isotope composition Concluding remarks References 21. Carbon isotopes, diets of North American equids, and the evolution of North American C4 grasslands / T.E. Cerling, J.M. Harris and B.J. McFadden Introduction Sampling protocol and sources of material Transition to C4 diet in equids: occurrence of C4-dominated diets, hypsodonty, and the radiation of equid genera Geographical and temporal distribution of C4 grasses in North America Regional patterns and variations History of C4 grasses versus C4 grasslands in North America Equid diversity during the Neogene Global expansion of C4 ecosystems Summary and implications References 22. Carbon isotopes in lake sediments and peats of last glacial age: implicati

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1 Einführung. - 1.1 Vegetationskundliche Arbeitsverfahren. - 1.2 Entwicklung und Stand der vegetationskundlichen Forschung in Nordeuropa. - 1.3 Naturräumliche Abgrenzung und Ausstattung Nordeuropas. - 1.3.1 Meere. - 1.3.2 Geologie, Geomorphologie. - 1.3.2.1 Das Ausgangsgestein. - 1.3.2.2 Die quartären Vereisungen. - 1.3.2.3 Geomorphologische Ausgestaltung der Landschaft. - 1.3.2.4 Böden. - 1.3.3 Klima. - Literatur. - 2 Biogeographische Regionen. - 2.1 Vegetationszonen. - 2.2 Höhenstufen. - 2.3 Ozeanitätsgefälle. - Literatur. - 3 Die heutige Flora und ihre Herkunft - Überlegungen zur Überwinterungshypothese. - 3.1 Vereisungsrückgang in Fennoskandien und Rückwanderungsmöglichkeiten aus dem Süden. - 3.2 Zur Lage möglicher Refugialgebiete. - 3.3 Geologische Aspekte. - 3.4 Long Distance Dispersal?. - 3.5 Vegetationsentwicklung auf den Færøer. - 3.6 Die Entwicklung der isländischen Flora. - 3.7 Die Entwicklung der Flora Spitzbergens. - Literatur. - 4 Vorgeschichtliche und geschichtliche Entwicklung der Landnutzung. - Literatur. - 5 Wälder. - 5.1 Bestimmende Faktoren für Wald- und Baumgrenzen. - 5.1.1 Klimatische Waldgrenzen. - 5.1.2 Ökophysiologische Ursachen von Waldgrenzen. - 5.1.3 Phytophage Insekten. - 5.1.4 Anthropogene Waldgrenzendepressionen. - 5.2 Nacheiszeitliche Waldentwicklung. - 5.3 Adaptationen und Ökologie wichtiger waldbildender Gehölze. - 5.4 Lebensbedingungen in der Kraut- und Kryptogamenschicht. - 5.5 Waldgesellschaften. - 5.5.1 Birkenwälder. - 5.5.1.1 Der nordboreal-subalpine Birkenwald. - 5.5.1.2 Maritime Birkenwälder entlang der norwegischen Westküste. - 5.5.2 Der boreale Nadelwald (Kl. Vaccinio-Piceetea, Pulsatillo-Pinetea). - 5.5.2.1 Kiefern-beherrschte Wälder. - 5.5.2.2 Fichten-beherrschte Wälder. - 5.5.3 Laubwälder der temperaten und Laubmischwälder der hemiborealen Zone. - 5.5.3.1 Buchenwälder nährstoffreicher Böden. - 5.5.3.2 Buchen- und Eichen-beherrschte Wälder bodensaurer Standorte. - 5.5.3.3 Linden-Ahorn-Wälder. - 5.5.3.4 Erlen-Eschen-Ulmen-Wälder Grundwasser-naher Standorte. - 5.5.4 Weidenauen und Bruchwälder. - 5.5.4.1 Initiale Gehölzvegetation der Flußauen (Kl. Salicetea purpureae). - 5.5.4.2 Erlen- und Strauchweiden-Bruchwälder (Kl. Alnetea gentinosa). - 5.6 Ökosystemare Untersuchungen an Wäldern. - 5.7 Waldbau und Waldschäden. - 5.7.1 Neuartige Waldschäden. - 5.7.2. - Waldzerstörung infolge Überweidung und Erosion. - 5.8 Waldreservate und Naturschutz. - Literatur. - 6 Gewässer-und Ufervegetation. - 6.1 Seentypen und ihre Entwicklung. - 6.2 Quellen und Fließgewässer. - 6.3 Kleingewässer. - 6.4 Adaptationen und Autökologie von Wasser- und Uferpflanzen. - 6.5 Standörtliche Gliederung. - 6.6 Vegetation der Binnengewässer und ihrer Ufer. - 6.6.1 Pleustophytengemeinschaften, Wasserlinsen-Decken (Kl. Lemnetea minoris). - 6.6.2 Characeen-Grundrasen (Kl. Charetea fragilis). - 6.6.3 Laichkraut-Gesellschaften (KI. Potamogetonetea pectinati). - 6.6.4 Strandling-Gesellschaften (Kl. Littorelletea uniflorae). - 6.6.5 Wasserschlauch-Gesellschaften (Kl. Utricularietea intermediominoris). - 6.6.6 Zwergbinsen-Gemeinschaften auf zeitweilig trockenfallenden Uferstreifen (Kl. Isoeto-Nanojuncetea). - 6.6.7 Nitrophytische Spülsaumgesellschaften an Ufern von Binnengewässern (Kl. Bidentetea tripartiti). - 6.6.8 Quellflur-Gesellschaften (KI. Montio-Cardaminetea amarae). - 6.6.9 Röhrichte und Großseggen-Rieder (KI. Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea). - 6.7 Biozönologische und Ökosystemare Aspekte. - 6.7.1 Kohlenstoff- und Nährstoffdynamik. - 6.7.2 Kennzeichnung von Seentypen nach Makrophyten-Vegetationskomplexen. - 6.8 Nutzung, Gefahrdung und Schutz. - 6.8.1 Versauerung. - 6.8.2 Eutrophierung. - 6.8.3 Talsperren zur Energiegewinnung. - 6.8.4 Seensanierungen. - 6.8.5 Gewässermakrophyten als Biofilter. - Literatur. - 7 Moore. - 7.1 Moorbildung. - 7.1.1 Allgemeine Prozesse einer autogenen Moorbildung. - 7.1.2 Produktion und Zersetzung von Torfen. - 7.2 Klassifikation von Mooren. - 7.2.1 Hydrologisch-entwicklungsgeschichtliche Moortypen. - 7.2.2 Moortypen in Skandinavien. - 7.3 Paläoökologie und Entwicklung skandinavischer Moore. - 7.3.1 Entwicklung der Moorsysteme. - 7.3.2 Ausformung der Oberflächenstrukturen. - 7.4 Wesentliche Standortfaktoren. - 7.4.1 Wasserhaushalt. - 7.4.1.1 Einnischung von Moosen auf Wasserstufen. - 7.4.1.2 Der Wurzelraum der Gefäßpflanzen. - 7.4.2 Nährstoffversorgung und Azidität. - 7.4.3 Mikroklima. - 7.4.4 Abbauprozesse. - 7.4.5 Biotische Faktoren. - 7.5 Vegetation der Moore. - 7.5.1 Synusien, Assoziationen, Gesellschaftskomplexe - ein Überblick . - 7.5.2 Sauergras-beherrschte Moor-Gesellschaften (Kl. Scheuchzerio - Cariccteanigrae). - 7.5.3 Zwergstraueh-beherrschte Gesellschaften mäßig nasser, saurer Moorstandorte (Kl. Oxycocco-Sphagnetea). - 7.6 Vegetationskomplexe der Moore. - 7.7 Moore als Ökosysteme. - 7.8 Nutzung, Gefährdung, Schutz. - 7.9 Moorrestitution. - Literatur. - 8 Küstenvegetation. - 8.1 Küstenformen und ihre Genese. - 8.1.1 Salzrasen. - 8.1.2 Dünen. - 8.2 Adaptationen der bezeichnenden Arten und standörtliche Gliederung. - 8.2.1 Spülsäume und Dünen. - 8.2.2 Salzrasen. - 8.2.2.1 Überflutungshäufigkeit und -dauer. - 8.2.2.2 Salinität. - 8.2.2.3 Zur Dynamik von Salzmarschen: Akkumulation und Erosion. - 8.2.2.4 Beweidung. - 8.2.2.5 Nährstoffdynamik und Produktivität. - 8.3 Küstenvegetation im Landhebungsbereich des Bottnischen Meerbusens. - 8.4 Vegetationsgliederung. - 8.4.1 Seegras-Rasen (KI. Zosteretea). - 8.4.2 Queller-Fluren (Kl. Thero-Salicornietea). - 8.4.3 Schlickgras-Bestände (Kl. Spartinetea). - 8.4.4 Meersenf-Spülsaumgesellschaften (Kl. Cakiletea maritimae) . - 8.4.5 Strandhafer-Dünengesellschaften (KI. Ammophiletea arenariae). - 8.4.6 Strandroggen-Gesellschaften (Kl. Honckenyo-Elymetea arenariae). - 8.4.7 Salzrasen-Gesellschaften (Kl. Juncetea maritimi) . - 8.4.8 Vegetation der Felsküsten. - 8.5 Nutzung und Naturschutz. - Literatur. - 9 Vegetation der alpinen Stufe und der Arktis. - 9.1 Adaptationen und Autökologie bezeichnender Arten der alpinen und arktischen Flora. - 9.2 Vegetationsbestimmende Standortfaktoren. - 9.2.1 Wirkung des Windes und Schneeschutz. - 9.2.2 Strahlung und Temperaturen. - 9.2.3 Frostwechsel . - 9.2.4 Nährstoffverfügbarkeit. - 9.2.5 Wasserhaushalt. - 9.3 Vegetation alpiner und arktischer Lebenräume. - 9.3.1 Felsspalten-Vegetation (Kl. Asplenietea trichomanis). - 9.3.2 Schuttflur-Gesellschaften (Kl. Thlaspietea rotundifolii). - 9.3.3 Pioniervegetation auf feinerde- und humusarmen Rohböden (V. Veronico-Poion glaucae). - 9.3.4 Azidophytische alpine Windheiden und Silikatrasen. - 9.3.4.1 Flechtenreiche Alpenazaleen Windheiden (Kl. Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea). - 9.3.4.2 Chionophile alpine Heiden (V. Phyllodoco-Vaccinion). - 9.3.4.3 Borstgrasrasen der alpinen Stufe (V. Nardo-Caricion bigelowii). - 9.3.5 Zwergstrauchheiden und Rasen auf basenreicheren Böden (Kl. Carici rupestris-Kobresietea). - 9.3.6 Schneeboden-Vegetation (Kl. Salicetea herbaceae). - 9.3.7 Quellfluren der alpinen Stufe und der Arktis (Kl. Montio-Cardaminetea). - 9.3.8 Boreo-alpine und arktische Moore (Kl. Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae). - 9.3.9 Subalpine und alpine Hochstaudenfluren (Kl. Betulo-Adenostyletea). - 9.4 Ökosystemare Untersuchungen. - 9.5 Nutzung und Naturschutz. - Literatur. - 10 Schwach kulturbeeinflußte Lebensräume der Kulturlandschaft. - 10.1 Xerothermvegetation. - 10.1.1 Vegetation der Felsen und Schuttfluren außerhalb der alpinen Stufe (Kl. Asplenietea trichomanis und Thlaspietea rotundifolii). - 10.1.2 Felsband-Gesellschaften (O. Sedo-Scleranthetalia). - 10.1.3 Sandtrockenrasen (KI. Koelerio-Corynephoretea, O. Corynephoretalia). - 10.1.4 Halb- und Volltrockenrasen (Kl. Festuco-Brometea). - 10.1.5 Trockensäume (Kl. Trifolio-Geranietea). - 10.2 Zwergstrauchheiden und Magerrasen außerhalb der alpinen Stufe (Kl. Calluno-Ulicetea). - 10.3 Waldnahe Staudenfluren und Mantelgebüsche. - 10.3.1 Entraphente Säume und Uferstaudenfluren (Artemisietea, O. Calystegietalia sepium). - 10.3.2 Sch

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Alfred Wegener zum 80. Geburtstag. - 1. Erinnerungen an Alfred Wegener. - 2. Alfred Wegeners Schlittenreisen während der Danmark-Expedition 1906-08, sowie der Expedition 1912-13. - a) Alfred Wegeners erste Hundeschlittenreise. - b) Alfred Wegeners zweite Hundeschlittenreise. - c) Alfred Wegeners dritte (Hand-)Schlittenreise während der Danmark-Expedition 1906/08. - d) Die vierte Schlittenreise durch Dronning Louise-Land im Frühjahr 1913. - 3. Die verhängnisvolle Lücke im Transportsystem von Alfred Wegeners Grönland-Expedition 1930/31. - 4. Plan einer deutschen Inlandeis-Expedition nach Grönland 1930/31 nebst Vorexpedition 1929 unter Leitung von Prof. Alfred Wegener. - 5. Eine neue Biographie Alfred Wegeners. - 6. Ergänzungen zu Wegeners Tagebuch der Hauptexpedition 1930/31. - A. Alfred Wegener als "Kapitän" seines Motorbootes "Krabbe". - B. Alfred Wegener auf dem Aufstiegsgletscher. - C. Das Ausflaggen der Route ins Innere. - D. Die Einteilung der Transporte für Eismitte. - E. Der Streit um den Film-Paragraphen. - A. Menzi-Biland †, Basel. - Buchbesprechungen. - Mitteilungen.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einführung / Peter Giese. - Trends in der Geophysik: Innenansichten der Erde / Corey S. Powell. - Der Grenzbereich zwischen Erdkern und Erdmantel / Raymond Jeanloz and Thorne Lay. - Die Entwicklung des Erdmagnetfeldes / Jeremy Bloxham and David Gubbins. - Ein erweitertes, globales Modell der Plattentektonik / Gerhard Bischoff. - Gebirgsgürtel und der Superkontinent-Zyklus / J. Brendan Murphy und R. Damian Nance. - Die Frühzeit der Erde / Derek York. - Die Erde vor Pangäa / Ian W. D. Dalziel. - Das Fundament der Gebirge / Peter Molnar. - Exkurs: Die Aufrichtung von Gebirgen - ein Modell für die zentralen Anden / Peter Giese. - Vorstoß ins Erdinnere: das Kontinentale Tiefbohrprogramm / Rolf Emmermann. - Große Eruptivprovinzen / Millard F. Coffin und Olav Eldholm. - Der Erdmantel unter den Ozeanen / Enrico Bonatti. - Der Mittelozeanische Rücken / Kenneth C. Macdonald und Paul J. Fox. - Die Bildung der Erzlagerstätten / George Brimhall. - Hot Spots: heiße Flecken auf der Erde / Gregory E. Vink, W. Jason Morgan und Peter R. Vogt. - Die Dynamik des Kilauea / John J. Dvorak, Carl Johnson und Robert I. Tilling. - Krustenverformungen im Westen Nordamerikas / Thomas J. Jordan und J. Bernard Minster. - Erdbeben in stabiler kontinentaler Kruste / Arch C. Johnston und Lisa R. Kanter. - Erdbeben an verborgenen Störungen / Ross S. Stein und Robert S. Yeats. - Autoren. - Literatur. - Bildnachweise. - Index.

Note: Contents: Preface. - Water masses and mixing near the Antarctic slope front. - Observations and modelling of Antarctic downslope flows : a review. - On the interaction of the Katabatic-Land-Sea Wind system of Antarctica with the high latitude Southern Ocean. - Thermohaline variability of the waters overlying the West Antarctica Peninsula Continental Shelf. - Oceanic erosion of a floating Antarctic Glacier in the Amundsen Sea. - Winter atmospheric forcing of the Ross Sea Polynya. - Interannual ocean and sea ice variability in the Ross Sea. - On the Origin and influence of Adélie Land bottom water. - Ocean-Ice shelf interaction and possible bottom water formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. - Acoustical techniques in Antarctic Oceanography. - Transport and water masses of the Antarctic slope front system in the Eastern Weddell Sea. - Western Weddell Sea thermohaline stratification. - Transient tracer observations from the western Weddell Sea during the drift and recovery of ice station Weddell. - Interactions between floating ice platelets and ocean water in the Southern Weddell Sea. - Impact of grounded icegergs on the hydrographic conditions near the Filchner Ice shelf. - Physical controls on ocean circulation beneath ice shelves revealed by numerical models. - Ocean circulation beneath the Western Ronne Ice Shelf, as derived from in situ measurements of water currents and properties. - Marine ice beneath Filchner Ice Shelf : evidence from a multi-disciplinary approach. - Tides in the Weddell Sea. - The new bathymetric charts of the Weddell Sea : AWI BCWS

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Contents: Editor's Preface. - Preface. - Chapter 1. Introduction. - 1.1 Spatial and temporal averaging in meteorological problems. - 1.2 Some information on the statistical characteristics of meteorological fields. - Chapter 2. Statistical Description of Averaged Fields. - 2.1 Statistical structure of averaged data. - 2.2 Representativeness of point measurements with respect to averaged values. - 2.3 Influence of area shape on the representativeness of a point value. - Chapter 3. The Accuracy of Averaging Discrete Data. - 3.1 The accuracy of representing average quantities by discrete data. - 3.2 Approximate evaluation of the averaging accuracy. - 3.3 Optimal averaging of discrete data. - 3.4 Accuracy of averaging the characteristics of statistical structure. - Chapter 4. Problems of Averaging Some Meteorological Fields. - 4.1 The representativeness of precipitation data. - 4.2 Accuracy of zonal averaging of air temperature. - Chapter 5. Practical Aspects of the Spatial Averaging of Meteorological Fields. - 5.1 Methods of averaging meteorological fields and numerical applications. - 5.2 A brief description of the averaging algorithms. - 5.3 Comparative accuracy of some averaging algorithms. - Conclusions. - List of Symbols. - References. - Subject Index. , Aus dem Russ. übers.

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Table of contents 1. Introduction: Perceptions of weather and climate 1.1 Meteorology and/or climatology? 1.2 Perceptions of reality: schools of thought 1.3 Inadequacies in schools of thought, and associated problems 1.4 The approach ofthis book Part I GENERAL CIRCULATION IN THE TROPOSPHERE 2. Radiation 2.1 Processes of radiation 2.2 The greenhouse effect 2.3 The shape and motions of the Earth 2.4 The geographical factor 2.5 Conclusion 3. Circulation in the lower layers of the troposphere 3.1 Circulation in high and mid-latitudes: MPHs Perception of circulation in high and mid-latitudes The existence of mobile anticyclones Mobile Polar Highs (MPHs) The polar thermal deficit The birth of MPHs MPH trajectories The MPH-associated wind field 3.2 Anticyclonic agglutinations (AAs) A look at the so-called "subtropical" high-pressure areas Meridional transport by MPHs and anticyclonic agglutination (AA) Oceanic and continental anticyclonic agglutinations 3.3 Tropical circulation A look at tropical circulation Pressure and wind fields over the tropics The trade wind Trade winds The monsoon Monsoons 4. General circulation 4.1 General circulation: evolution of ideas 4.2 Areas of circulation in the lower layers 4.3 General circulation in the troposphere The mean tropospheric picture Seasonal variation in circulation Aerological stratification 4.4 Zonal "Walker" circulation: myth or reality? 4.5 General circulation: conclusion Part II DYNAMICS OF THE WEATHER: PERTURBATIONS 5. Pluviogenesis 5.1 Precipitation potential 5.2 Origin of an updraft The thermal factor The dynamical factor 5.3 Structuralconditions 6. Dynamics of weather in polar and temperate regions: MPHs 6.1 Perception of the "perturbed field" in high and mid-latitudes 6.2 The MPH: pressure field and wind field 6.3 Weather associated with an MPH 6.4 MPHs and the ''polar front" 6.5 Interactions between MPHs 6.6 Dynamics of weather in North America 6.7 Dynamics of weather in France MPHs and relief Winter dynamics Summer dynamics 6.8 Dynamics of weather in temperate and polar regions: conclusion 7. MPHs at tropical margins 7.1 The temperate-tropical boundary 7.2 Mechanisms 7.3 North and Central America 7.4 South America 7.5 Nmthern Africa, Arabia and India 7.6 Southern Africa 7.7 Eastern Asia 7.8 Australia 7.9 Conclusion 8. Pulses in trades and monsoons 8 1 Trade winds and "easterly waves" 8.2 Vertical structure of the trades 8.3 Pulses in the trades Maritime trades The continental trade wind 8.4 Pulses in the monsoon 9. The meteorological equator 9.1 The meteorological equator: the evolution of a concept 9.2 The inclined meteorological equator (IME) 9.3 IME activity: squall line.s (SL) 9.4 The vertical meteorological equator (VME) 9.5 The meteorological equator over continents: IME and VME 10. Tropical cyclones 10.1 Cyclone structure and associated weather 10.2 Conditions for cyclogenesis 10.3 The geography of tropical cyclones Part III DYNAMICS OF CLIMATE: CLIMATIC EVOLUTION The global climatic system 11. Causes of climatic variations 11.1 Variations in solar activity The sunspot cycle Solar activity and climate 11.2 Orbital parameters of radiation Variation of the Earth-Sun distance, or eccentricity of the Earth's orbit Variation of the angle of inclination of the Earth's polar axis Variation of the direction of the polar axis, or precession of the equinoxes Orbital parameters and climatic evolution 11.3 Volcanism and climate Volcanic emissions and ejecta (silicates and sulphates) Optical radiative and thermal effects 11.4 The anthropic greenhouse effect The anthropic greenhouse effect: predictions from models Predictions and observations Recent climatic change does not conform to the "greenhouse effect"scenario Conclusion on the causes of climatic change 12. Palaeoclimatic variations and modes of general circulation 12.1 A Palaeoenvironments in Africa Present-day dynamics of climate in Africa The palaeoenvironment of Africa at the time of the LGM (18- 15 kyr BP) The palaeoenvironment of Africa at the time of the HCO (9-6 kyr BP) Palaeometeorological interpretation 12.2 Variations in insolation and in modes of general circulation Variations in insolation at high latitudes Rapid general circulation Slow general circulation Glaciation and deglaciation Palaeocirculations over Africa Circulation at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum Circulation at the time of the Holocene Climatic Optimum Conclusion 13. Recent climatic evolution Recent climatic evolution in France 13.1 Dynamics of the great Sahel drought Sahelian pluviogenesis Causes of the great drought The southward movement of pluviogenetic structures 13.2 Climatic evolution in the North Atlantic/Europe/Mediterranean space Recent regional climatic evolutions Dynamics of weather and climate in the North Atlantic space Conclusion Polar and Alpine glaciers 13. 3 Dynamics of the Pacific space - El Niño Aerological dynamics of the North Pacific space The "El Niño phenomenon" The components of El Niño in the eastern Pacific The origin of torrential rains in northern Peru The components of El Niño in the tropical Pacific The increasing frequency of the El Niño phenomenon 13.4 The expansion of the northern meteorological hemisphere Climatic consequences in the tropics Lack of rainfall at norhern tropical margins The inverse relationship between northern and southern tropical rainfall Greatly increased cyclonic activity south of the equator "Global warning"? Climatic perspectives 14. General conclusion Bibliography Index

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Inhalt: Abstract. - Abstract in russischer Sprache. - Einleitung. - Material. - Ergebnisse und Diskussion. - Tabelle 1: Kosmopolitsche und holarktisch verbreitete Taxa, die in NW-Sibirien und in Mitteleuropa gleichermaßen vorkommen. - Tabelle 2: Taxa, die bisher in Mitteleuropa noch nicht identifiziert werden konnten. - Neue Taxa, neue Kombinationen und andere besonders bemerkenswerte Diatomeen aus der sibirischen Arktis (in alphabetischer Reihenfolge). - Neidiopsis nov. gen. - Dank. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Bildtafeln mit Legenden. - Index der Taxa. - Appendices. - Kobayasiella Nov. Nom. für Kobayasia Lange-Bertalot. - Neue Kombinationen von Taxa aus Achnanthes Bory (Sensu Lato). - Neue Kombinationen von Taxa in der Gattung Microcostatus Johansen & Spay 1998. - Validierung von Cymbopleura Nov. Gen. - Kurze Bemerkung zu Didymosphenia Dentata (Dorogost.) Skvortzow & Meyer. , Text lat. u. dt. , Zsfass. in engl. u. russ. Sprache

Note: Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., FB Geowiss., Diss., 1995 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Einleitung. - 2. Beschreibung des Chemie-Transport-Modells. - 2.1. Das Chemie-Transport-Modell des EURAD-Systems. - 2.2. Anpassung des Chemie-Transport-Modells an die Hamburger Klimamodellumgebung. - 3. Bedeutung der Wolkenparametrisierung für ein Chemie-Transport-Modell. - 3.1. Wolkenmodule im EURAD-System. - 3.2. Wolkenmodule im Hamburger Modellsystem. - 4. Der Gasphasen-Chemiemechanismus. - 4.1. Vereinfachung photochemischer Reaktionsmechanismen. - 4.2. Das Gasphasen-Chemiemodul. - 4.3. Optimierung des Gasphasen-Chemiemoduls. - 5. Modellrechnungen. - 5.1. Simulation einer Winterepisode. - 5.1.1. Die synoptische Situation vom 13.1.1991 bis zum 23.1.1991. - 5.1.2. Modellergebnisse und Vergleich mit Beobachtungen. - 5.2. Simulation einer Sommerepisode. - 5.2.1. Photochemische Ozonbildung. - 5.2.2. Die synoptische Situation vom 23.7.1990 bis zum 31.7.1990. - 5.2.3. Modellergebnisse und Vergleich mit Beobachtungen. - 5.2.4. Sensitivitätsstudien. - 6. Ausblick. - Anhang 1: Koordinatensysteme und Koordinatentransformation. - Anhang 2: Spurenstoffe des Gasphasenchemiemechanismus. - Anhang 3: Nadel- und Laubwaldbedeckungsdichte in Europa. - 7. Literatur.