ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Fundamental concepts and equations. - Basic facts from the theory of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. - Finite difference and finite volume methods for non-linear hyperbolic systems and the Euler equations. - Finite element solution of compressible flow .

Description / Table of Contents: Inhalt: Das Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI). - Standorte und Stationen. - Organigramm. - Zu dieser Broschüre. - Polar- und Meeresforschung - Beobachtungen, Modellierung, Anwendungen. - Regionale Klimavariationen der Arktis / Wolfgang Dorn, Klaus Dethloff, Annette Rinke. - Meereis oder weniger Eis? / Christian Haas. - Wnn NN nicht normal ist / Jens Schröter und Manfred Wenzel. - Kombinierte Windpark- und Marikulturnutzung in der Nordsee / Bela Hieronymus Buck. - Lebensraum Meereis: Forschung mit Mikrosenoren und Genomsequenzierung / Thomas Mock, Klaus Valentin, Gerhard Dieckmann. - Älter als Methusalem: Leben am Meeresboden der Antarktis / Susanne Gatti, Thomas Brey, Doris Abele, Hans-Otto Pörtner. - Fischbestände im Klimawandel: Untersuchungen von der Nordsee bis zur Barents-See / Torsten Fischer, Gisela Lannig, Rainer Knust, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Hein von Westernhagen. - Seegraswiesen: Biodiversität und Ökosystemfunktion / Harald Asmus, Anja Schanz, Patrick Polte, Kristin Kosche, Ragnhild Asmus, Nils Volkenborn, Karsten Reise. - Atmosphärische Spuren im Eis / Michael Kriews, Heiko Reinhardt, Heinrich Miller, Otto Schrems. - Wie produktiv ist der Südliche Ozean? / Reiner Schlitzer, Birgit Schneider, Regina Usbeck, Marie-France Weirig. - Heize Prozesse in kalten Böden / Dirk Wagner, Svenja Kobabe, Lars Kutzbach, Eva-Maria Pfeiffer. - Das Eisendüngungsexperiment auf Polarstern / Victor Smetacek, Ulrich Bathmann, Ulf Riebesell, Volker Strass. - Ozonabbau in der Stratosphäre: Bedroht die UV-Strahlung auch Küstengroßalgen? / Christian Wiencke, Otto Schrems. - Leben an untermeerischen Schlammvulkanen / Antje Boetius, Michael Klages, Eberhard Sauter und Michael Schlüter. - Von der Momentaufnahme zur Zeitserie: eine Tiefsee-Langzeitstation / Thomas Soltwedel, Michael Klages, Eberhard Sauter, Ingo Schewe. - Mehr Informationen.

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Part I. Fundamentals: 2. Probability theory; 3. Distributions of climate variables; 4. Concepts in statistical inference; 5. Estimation; Part II. Confirmation and Analysis: 6. The statistical test of a hypothesis; 7. Analysis of atmospheric circulation problems; Part III. Fitting Statistical Models: 8. Regression; 9. Analysis of variance; Part IV. Time Series: 10. Time series and stochastic processes; 11. Parameters of univariate and bivariate time series; 12. Estimating covariance functions and spectra; Part V. Eigen Techniques: 13. Empirical orthogonal functions; 14. Canonical correlation analysis; 15. POP analysis; 16. Complex eigentechniques; Part VI. Other Topics: 17. Specific statistical concepts in climate research; 18. Forecast quality evaluation

Description / Table of Contents: This monograph presents a comprehensive synthesis of our current state of knowledge concerning the climate of the Arctic, using the latest meteorological data. All meteorological elements are described in detail for the first time and an up-to-date review of the available literature for each element is given. Climatic regions are distinguished and described. The monograph also provides an account of the present state of research on climate change and variability in the Arctic for three time scales: the Holocene, the last Millennium, and the 20th century. The book concludes with a presentation of the scenarios of the Arctic climate in the 21st century. This monograph is intended for all those with a general interest in the fields of meteorology, climatology, and with a knowledge of the application of statistics in these areas.

Description / Table of Contents: This book descibes numerical methods for partial differential equations (PDEs) coupling advection, diffusion and reaction terms,encompassing methods for hyperbolic, parabolic and stiff and nonstiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The emphasis lies on time-dependent transport-chemistry problems, describing e.g. the evolution of concentrations in environmental and biological applications. Along with the common topics of stability and convergence, much attention is paid on how to prevent spurious, negative concentrations and oscillations, both in space and time. Many of the theoretical aspects are illustrated by numerical experiments on models from biology, chemistry and physics. A unified approach is followed by emphasizing the method of lines or semi-discretization. In this regard this book differs substantially from more specialized textbooks which deal exclusively with either PDEs or ODEs. This book treats integration methods suitable for both classes of problems and thus is of interest to PDE researchers unfamiliar with advanced numerical ODE methods, as well as to ODE researchers unaware of the vast amount of interesting results on numerical PDEs.

Description / Table of Contents: Table of Contents: Preface. - Organizing Committees. - Conference Sponsors. - Associate Editor, Review Editors and Reviewers. - Acknowledgements. - The burial of drainage waters from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe into permafrost / S. V. Alexeev & L. P. Alexeeva. - Relict permafrost in the central part of Western Siberia. / G. V. Ananjeva (Malkova), E. S. Melnikov & O. E. Ponomareva. - GIS assessment of climate-change impacts in permafrost regions / O. A. Anisimov & V. Y. & V. Y. Poliakov. - Permafrost environment in the Yari-Hotaka Mountains, southern part of the Northern Japanese Alps / M. Aoyama. - Radiowave pulse refraction and ground wave propagation through permafrost and the active layer / S. A. Arcone & A. J. Delaney. - Shoreface of the Arctic seas - a natural laboratory for subsea permafrost dynamics / F. E. Are. - Pressuremeter tests within an active rock glacier in the Swiss Alps / L. U. Arenson, S. M. Springman & P. G. Hawkins. - Shearing response of ice-rich rock glacier material / L. U. Arenson, N. Almasi & S. M. Springman. - Hydrological dynamics and retention of water in a permafrost environment, Recherche Fiord, Spitsbergen / S. A. Bartoszewski & J. Magierski. - Pedogenesis under permafrost and active volcanism in Southern Kamchatka - new aspects about the last glaciation / R. Bäumler. - Terrestrial laser scanning for rock glacier monitoring / A. Bauer, G. Paar & V. Kaufmann. - Peatland permafrost thaw and landform type along a climatic gradient / D. W. Beilman & S. D. Robinson. - Sensitivity and responses to climate change in the Subantarctic periglacial environment / J. Boelhouwers. - The palaeoenvironmental significance of southern African blockfields and blockstreams / J. C. Boelhouwers & P. D. Sumner. - A comparison of snow melt at three circumpolar sites: Spitsbergen, Siberia, Alaska / J. Boike, L. D. Hinzman, P. P. Overduin, V. Romanovsky, O. Ippisch & K. Roth. - Climate and cryogenic processes along linear structures / N. Bosikov. - Long-term high Arctic ecosystem monitoring in Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, Canada / G. Broil, C. Tarnocai & J. Gould. - Frozen saline soils of the Arctic coast: their distribution and engineering properties / A. Brouchkov. - Long-term rates of coastal erosion and carbon input, Elson Lagoon, Barrow, Alaska / J. Brown, M. T. Jorgenson, O. P. Smith & W. Lee. - 17 years of thaw penetration and surface settlement observations in permafrost terrain along the Norman Wells pipeline, Northwest Territories, Canada / M. M. Burgess & S. L. Smith. - Lake-bottom thermal regime in thermokarst terrain near Mayo, Yukon Territory, Canada / C. R. Burn. - Thermokarst landforms in the Transantarctic Mountains region of Antarctica / I. B. Campbell & G. G. C. Claridge. - The impact of recent glacier fluctuation and human activities on permafrost distribution, Stelvio Pass (Italian Central-Eastern Alps) / N. Cannone, M. Guglielmin, C. Hauck & D. Vonder Mühll. - Constructing the Qinghai-Tibet railroad, new challenges to Chinese permafrost scientists / G.-D. Cheng & X. Li. - The hydraulic conductivity of freezing saline soils / V. G. Cheverev & I. Y. Vidyapin. - The southern boundary of the Northern Hemisphere periglacial zone at the Faroe Islands / H. H. Christiansen & O. Humlum. - Experimenta linvestigation of gas hydrate and ice formation in methane-saturated sediments / E. M. Chuvilin, E. V. Kozlova, N. A. Makhonina & V. S. Yakushev. - Centrifuge modelling of frost heave of arctic gas pipelines / J. I. Clark & R. Phillips. - Thermal erosion in Siberia: Laboratory simulations / F. Costard, L. Dupeyrat, E. Careiy-Gailhardis & E. Gautier. - Palsa dynamics in a subarctic mountainous environment, Wolf Creek, Yukon Territory, Canada / T. L. Coultish & A. G. Lewkowicz. - Physical modelling of permafrost warming in rock slopes / M. C. R. Davies, O. Hamza & C. Harris. - Thermal anomaly in a cold scree slope (Creux du Van, Switzerland) / R. Delaloye, E. Reynard, C. Lambiel, L. Marescot & R. Monnet. - Numerical simulation of the temperature field of a palsa reveals strong influence of convective heat transport by groundwater / G. Delisle & M. Allard. - Permafrost in north-central Europe during the Weichselian: how deep? / G. Delisle, G. Caspers & H. Freund. - Recent ground ice and its formation on evidence of isotopic analysis / A. Y. Dereviagin & A. B. Chizhov, H. Meyer, H.-W. Hubberten & C. Siegert. - Rock glacier distribution and paleoclimate in Italy / F. Dramis, C. Giraudi & M. Guglielmin. - The set of eco-geologic digital maps of the Timan-Pechora province / D. S. Drozdov, Y. V. Korostelev, G. V. Malkova & E. S. Melnikov. - Management of the thermo-mechanical response of the building-foundation system / M. M. Dubina, Y. A. Chernyakov & D. K. Teslenko. - An enhanced vegetation classification for permafrost modelling, NWT, Canada / C. Duchesne, J. F. Wright, M. M. Cote & E. M. Nixon. - Scaling of supersaturation by a simple test / M. Dysli. - Late-Quaternary paleoenvironmental record from a palsa-scale frost mound in northern Alaska / W. R. Eisner, K. M. Hinkel, E. E. Nelson & J. G. Bockheim. - Problems of radioactive waste burial in perennially frozen ground / E. D. Ershov, S. Y. Parmuzin, N. F. Lobanov & V. V. Lopatin. - Observations of surface dynamics with thermokarst initiation, Yukechisite, Central Yakutia / A. Fedorov & P. Konstantinov. - Migration of copper ions from an underlying substrate to the snow cover / V. I. Fedoseyeva & N. F. Fedoseyev. - A mathematical model of differential frost heave / A. C. Fowler. - Rock glacier occurrence and related terrain parameters in a study area of the Eastern Swiss Alps / R. Frauenfelder, W. Haeberli & M. Hoelzle. - A physical model of frozen ground considered as a complex macrosystem / A. D. Frolov. - Permafrost and surface movement of an active protalus rampart in the Kuranosuke Cirque, Northern Japanese Alps / K. Fukui. - Fluvial dynamics in a deep permafrost zone - the case of the middle Lena river (Central Siberia) / E. Gautier, D. Brunstein, F. Costard & R. Lodina. - Effects of cryogenic processes on Yakutian landscapes under climate warming / P. P. Gavriliev & P. V Efremov. - Quantitative estimation of the thermal conductivity of saturated frozen soils / R. I. Gavriliev. - Model of mean annual temperature history for the Yakutian coastal lowlands and arctic shelf during the last 400 thousand years / A. V. Gavrilov & V. E. Tumskoy. - Thermal response of air convection embankments to ambient temperature fluctuations / D. J. Goering. - Principles of classification and mapping of permafrost in Central Asia / G. F. Gravis, E. S. Melnikov, G. Dongxing, L. Shuxun, L. Shude, T. Boliang, Z. Lin, N. Zuotong, N. Sharkhuu, A. P. Gorbunov, S. S. Marchenko & E. V. Seversky. - Geocryological-geoecological problems occurring in urbanised territories in Northern Russia and methods for improvement and restoration of foundations / V. I. Grebenets. - Experimental road structures for permafrost regions / S. E. Grechishchev, V. D. Kazarnovsky, Y. S. Pshenichnikova & Y. B. Sheshin. - Ice segregation and slope stability in permafrost areas / S. Grechishchev. - The degradation of coastal permafrost and the organic carbon balance of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas / M. N. Grigoriev & V. Rachold. - Surface temperatures in steep alpine rock faces - A strategy for regional-scale measurement and modelling / S. Gruber, M. Peter, M. Hoelzle, I. Woodhatch & W. Haeberli. - Probable occurrence of sporadic permafrost in non-alpine scree slopes in central Europe / M. Gude, S. Dietrich, R. Mäusbacher, C. Hauck, R. Molenda, V. Ruzicka & M. Zacharda. - Towards an Antarctic active layer and permafrost monitoring network / M. Guglielmin, M. Balks & R. Paetzold. - Methods for absolute and relative age dating of rock-glacier surfaces in alpine permafrost / W. Haeberli, D. Brandova, C. Burga, M. Egli, R. Frauenfelder, A. Kääb, M. Maisch, B. Mauz & R. Dikau. - Micro-transducers and high-frequency rock temperature data: changing our perspectives on rock weathering in cold regions / K. Hall. - Modelling gelifluction processes: the significance of frost heave and slope gradient / C. Harris & J. S. Smith. - Permafrost monitoring using time-lapse resistivity tomography / C. Hauck & D. Vonder Mühll. - Mountain permafrost in the Solen massif, Central-Eastern Norway - first results / E. S. F. Heggem, H. Juliussen & B. Etzelmüller. - High Arctic saline springs as analogues for springs on Mars / J. Heldmann, O. Toon, C. McKay, D. Andersen & W. Pollard. - Simulating soil freezing conditions in the laboratory / K. S. Henry & R. D. Holtz. - Microclimate within coarse debris of talus slopes in the alpine periglacial belt and its effect on permafrost / T. Herz, L. King & H. Gubler. - Postglacial talus-derived rock glaciers in the Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec (Canada) / B. Hetu, J. T. Gray, P. Gangloff & B. Archambault. - Fossil polygonal periglacial structures in Flanders (Belgium) / I. Heyse & G. Ghysels. - Impact of snow fence construction on tundra soil temperatures at Barrow, Alaska / K. M. Hinkel, J. G. Bockheim, K. M. Peterson & D. W. Norton. - Hydrological variations among watersheds with varying degrees of permafrost / L. D. Hinzman, D. L. Kane, K. Yoshikawa, A. Carr, W. R. Bolton & M. Fraver. - Debris flows in the mountain permafrost zone: Hohe Tauern national park (Austria) / M. Hirschmugl. - Miniature ground temperature data logger measurements 2000-2002 in the Murtel-Corvatscharea, Eastern Swiss Alps / M. Hoelzle, W. Haeberli & C. Stocker-Mittaz. - Design, construction and performance of dams in continuous permafrost / I. Holubec, X. Hu, J. Wonnacott, R. Olive & D. Delarosbil. - The main features of permafrost in the Laptev Sea region, Russia - a review / H.-W. Hubberten & N. N. Romanovskii. - Geomorphological, geotechnical and geothermal conditions at Diavik Mines / X. Hu, I. Holubec, J. Wonnacott, R. Lock & R. Olive. - Recognition of subglacial regelation ice near Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, Canada / J. A. Hyatt, F. A. Michel & R. Gilbert. - The effect of surface nocturnal cooling on maintaining the mountain permafrost in central Japan / Y. Iijama & K. Fukui. - A rapidly moving small rock glacier at the lower limit of the mountain permafrost belt in the Swiss Alps / A. Ikeda, N. Matsuoka & A. Kääb. - Climate change and possible impact on Arctic infrastructure / A. Instanes. - Mountain permafrost and energy balance on Juvvasstuae, southern Norway / K. Isaksen, E. S. F. Heggem, S. Bakkehoi, R. S. Odegdad, T. Eiken, B. Etzelmüller & J. L. Sollid. - Spatial mountain permafrost modelling in the Daisetsu Mountains, northern Japan / M. Ishikawa. - Seasonal thawing of soils in the Yana River valley, northern Yakutia / R. N. Ivanova. - A comparative study of the surface and active layer conditions at disturbed forest sites near Yakutsk / G. Iwahana, M. Fukuda, Y. Kobayashi, T. Machimura & A. M. Fedorov. - Erosion progression and adaptation strategy in a northern coastal community / K. Johnson, S. Solomon, D. Berry & P. Graham. - Ground ice and carbon characteristics of eroding coastal permafrost at Beaufort Lagoon, northern Alaska / M. Torre Jorgenson, M. Macander, J. C. Jorgenson, C.-L. Ping & J. Harden. - Rock glacier dynamics: implications from high-resolution measurements of surface velocity fields / A. Kääb, V. Kaufmann, R. Ladstädter & T. Eiken. - Impacts of surficial permafrost landforms on surface hydrology / D. L. Kane, R. E. Gieck &L. C. Bowling. - Cryogenic structure of mountain slope deposits, northeast Russia / M. Kanevskiy. - Freezing n-Factors in discontinuous permafrost terrain, Takhini River Valley, Yukon Territory, Canada / K. C. Karunaratne & C. R. Burn. - Quantitative analysis of rock glacier creep by means of digital photogrammetry using multi-temporal aerial photographs: two case studies in the Austrian Alps / V. Kaufmann & R. Ladstädter. - Enhanced ground cooling in periods with thin snow cover in the Swiss National Park. - F. Keller & M. Tamds. - Measuring rock glacier surface deformation using SAR interferometry / L. W. Kenyi & V. Kaufmann. - Permafrost landform degradation over more than half a century, Macmillan/Caribou Pass region, NWT/Yukon, Canada / G. P. Kershaw. - Permafrost engineering problems at the turn of the XXIth century / L. N. Khrustalev. - The Barrow Urban Heat Island Study: soil temperatures and active-layer thickness / A. E. Klene, K. M. Hinkel & F. E. Nelson. - Sporadic and discontinous mountain permafrost occurrence in the Upper Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps / C. Kneisel. - "Drunken forest" and near-surface ground ice in Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada / S. V. Kokelj & C. R. Burn. - Water and ice transfer in porous media near the phase transition point / V. S. Kolunin. - Effect of microscopic heterogeneities on water transfer in frozen ground / I. A. Komarov. - Sublimation from a seasonal snow cover and an isotopic content of ice wedges in the light of a palaeoclimate reconstruction / V. N. Konishchev, V. N. Golubev & S. A. Sokratov. - Concept of protection against adverse permafrost-related processes / I. P. Konstantinov. - Predicting the extent of discontinuous permafrost and affiliated ground water aquifers / S. E. Kopczynski, D. E. Lawson, S. A. Arcone & C. F. Snyder. - Geochemical study of the tundra landscapes in the Yenisey delta and gulf area / E. M. Korobova, N. G. Ukraintseva, V. V. Surkov & J. B. Brown. - Long-time probabilistic forecasting for temperature and phase state of soils in the permafrost zone / A. N. Kozlov, S. Y. Parmuzin & G. P. Pustovoit. - Use of the solar compass to estimate the presence of permafrost / B. Krummenacher, R. Affentranger, H. Kienholz, S. Eisenring & W. Haeberli. - Operation of air and liquid thermosyphons: experimental comparison / G. P. Kuzmin & R. V. Zhang. - Rheology of ice/rock systems and interfaces / B. Ladanyi. - Weathering rind measurements and relative age dating of rockglacier surfaces in crystalline regions of the Eastern Swiss Alps / M. Lausela, M. Egli, R. Frauenfelder, A. Kääb, M. Maisch & W. Haeberli. - Seismic cone penetration test and vertical seismic profiling in permafrost / A.-M. LeBlanc, R. Fortier & M. Allard. - Rock glacier and periglacial processes in the Mongolian Altai / F. Lehmkuhl, G. Stauch & O. Batkhishig. - Tabular ground ice origin: cryolithological and isotope-geochemical study / M. O. Leibman, H.-W. Hubberten, A. Y. Lein, I. D. Streletskaya & B. G. Vanshtein. - Dynamics of landslide slopes and their development on Yamal peninsula / M. O. Leibman, A. I. Kizyakov, L. D. Sulerzhitsky & N. E. Zaretskaia. - Author Index.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume presents the fourth part of the Cymbella synopsis, containing taxa in the genus Cymbolpleura of the temperate zone, with many remarks on taxa from the tropics and a large number of new taxa . Additionally it contains the genera Delicata ( the complex around Cymbella delicatula), Navicymbula (Cymbella pusilla), Gomphocymbellopsis (Cymbella ancyli) and Afrocymbella (the African species in the genus Gomphocymbellopsis sensu lato). Additionally the volume contains supplements with taxa from the genera Encyonema, Encyonopsis, Cymbellopsis and Cymbella.