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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current-biased superconducting strips as position-sensitive particle detectors (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2231-2243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The feasibility of superconducting strips as position-sensitive detectors for α particles was investigated. For this purpose films have been prepared of different materials and dimensions using standard evaporation and laser ablation in an UHV system. Films were patterned into strips and current-biased strips were irradiated with 5.5 MeV α particles. The energy deposited by the particle in the strip creates a normal-conducting region, which in turn causes a voltage drop. The time evolution of the voltage drop across the strip as a function of bath temperature and bias current has been investigated. Information about the site of the strip hit by the α particle was obtained from monitoring the propagating normal-conducting zones. A lateral position sensitivity of ±30 μm for a tantalum strip detector has been achieved. The propagation of normal-state zones in the strip cannot provide information on the energy of the particle. A model describing the time evolution of a normal-conducting zone in a current-biased superconducting strip was used to test and interpret the experimental results and allows one to estimate the thermal conductivity of the strip material and the heat transfer from the strip into the substrate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358810
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistics of wormlike chains. I. Properties of a single chain (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 2520-2529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Functional integrals in quasimomentum space (normal mode analysis) is used to study configurational statistics of wormlike chains (WLCs) and properties of WLCs in an external field, with which various correlation functions are defined and can be expressed in terms of simple analytical forms. From the correlation functions, some statistical properties of WLCs, such as gyration radius and scattering functions, have been obtained. The difference between correlation functions and end to end distance distribution functions are discussed, and by varying a parameter the WLC exhibits crossover from an ideal Gaussian chain to a rodlike chain. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474096
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistics of wormlike chains. II. Phase transition of polymer liquid crystals and its mixture with low molecular weight liquid crystals (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 106 (1997), S. 2530-2540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general self-consistent field (SCF) for the mixture of polymer and low molecular weight (LMW) molecules has been derived by variation principle. Considering a Maier–Saupe type of interaction, the analytical expressions of the SCF for polymer liquid crystals (PLCs) and the mixture of PLCs and LMW liquid crystals are obtained, from which the phase behaviors of PLCs as well as the mixture are studied. The theoretical results are in agreement with experimental results by adjusting a parameter. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473348
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle- and photoinduced conductivity in type-IIa diamonds (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1086-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical characteristics associated with radiation detection were measured on single-crystal natural type-IIa diamond using two techniques: charged particle-induced conductivity and time-resolved transient photoinduced conductivity. The two techniques complement each other: The charged particle-induced conductivity technique measures the product of the carrier mobility μ and lifetime τ throughout the bulk of the material while the transient photoconductivity technique measures the carrier mobility and lifetime independently at the first few micrometers of the material surface. For each technique, the μτ product was determined by integration of the respective signals. The collection distance that a free carrier drifts in an electric field was extracted by each technique. As a result, a direct comparison of bulk and surface electrical properties was performed. The data from these two techniques are in agreement, indicating no difference in the electrical properties between the bulk and the surface of the material. The collection distance continues to increase with field up to 25 kV/cm without saturation. Using the transient photoconductivity technique the carrier mobility was measured separately and compared with a simple electron-phonon scattering model. The general characteristics of carrier mobility, lifetime, and collection distance at low electric field appear to be adequately described by the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354957
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute measurement of penetration depth in a superconducting film by the two-coil technique (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3865-3867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A two-coil mutual-inductance apparatus that is optimized to allow for the measurement of the absolute value of penetration depth λ in superconducting films is described. Nb films with thickness d ranging from 20 to 90 nm are used to illustrate the measurement. For a 70-nm-thick Nb film at 4.2 K, with d/λ∼0.6, the uncertainty in the measured λ is about ±2.3%. From the results on the Nb film series, we show that a satisfactory determination of the absolute value of λ is possible for these films with d/λ〈0.95. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125482
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the density fluctuation spectrum and amplitude in TEXT with expectations for electron drift waves (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Modifications to the spectrum and magnitude of turbulent density fluctuations in the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 27, 1335 (1985)], measured by far-infrared scattering, are related to changes in plasma profiles (e.g., density and potential) induced by naturally occurring magnetic islands (i.e., m=2) of varying amplitude. The statistical dispersion relation of the microturbulence that propagates in the electron diamagnetic drift direction is observed to be consistent with expectations for electron drift-wave turbulence when a spectral shift due to E×B plasma rotation is included. Observed spectral widths are several times larger than the linear mode frequency. The fluctuation amplitude is found to scale inversely with the electron density scale length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860287
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial resolution of FIR scattering measurements on TEXT : Eighth topical conference on high—temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3019-3021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multichannel, heterodyne, far-infrared laser scattering system is employed on TEXT to determine the spectral and spatial properties of electron density fluctuations. The spatial resolution of this system is demonstrated by utilizing a perturbation to the plasma potential profile induced by an applied resonant field. The perturbation changes the sign of the radial electric field over a certain region of the plasma. Shifts in the density fluctuation frequency spectra can be associated with changes in the radial electric field allowing one to unambiguously resolve fluctuations in the plasma interior and edge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141713
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and properties of all-refractory Nb/Al–AlOx–Ti junctions for microbolometers and microrefrigerators (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 3062-3064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fabrication of all-refractory Nb/Al–AlOx–Ti superconducting tunnel junctions using selective titanium etching process (STEP) is described. Results including anodization properties of Ti, and junction's I–V characteristics and subgap currents measured in the temperature range of 0.4–9.2 K are presented. The junctions show fairly high quality with respect to their stability and reproducibility. Possible utilization of these junctions as superconductor–insulator–normal metal type devices operating around 100 mK and above for ultrasensitive microbolometer and electronic microrefrigerator applications is discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121541
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local temperature increases during electric-field-induced transistor formation in CuInSe2 (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 427-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Local p-n and p-n-p junction structures can be formed under room-temperature conditions, in CuInSe2 and related materials solely by applying strong electric fields through small contacts. Electromigration of native Cu ions, which was suggested as the mechanism for type conversion, assumes an enhancement in ion mobility of several orders of magnitude. Electric-field-induced local heating was given as one possible cause for such enhancement [Cahen et al., Science 258, 271 (1992)]. Therefore, we have measured the average temperature of and around the contacts to CuInSe2 and Cu0.95Ag0.05InSe2 crystals, during application of the electric field. The measurements were done as a function of the active power dissipated in the system, using two different techniques, viz. infrared emission and contact melting. We find that the temperature around the contact, during the tens of ms of actual structure formation (210–320 °C), is insufficient for significant thermal diffusion. We conclude that electromigration is the dominant mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112322
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thickness dependence of the electrical characteristics of chemical vapor deposited diamond films (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical characteristics of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films were measured as a function of film thickness. The samples studied were polycrystalline with the average grain size increasing from approximately 1 μm on the substrate side to approximately 30 μm on the growth surface for the thickest sample. Using time-resolved transient photoconductivity and charged-particle induced conductivity, the collection distance (d) that a free carrier drifts under the influence of an applied electric field was measured. Our data indicate that there is a gradient in the collection distance through the material. This gradient in electrical properties has implications for electronic uses of CVD diamond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111501
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