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  • Articles  (44)
  • 1990-1994  (44)
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  • Articles  (44)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Thermal fatigue experiments performed with an austenitic steel give rise to an irregular pattern of cracks on the specimen surface. The investigations are aimed at characterizing the patterns in quantitative terms and at discerning trends with increasing numbers of cycles. Statistical methods based on different models of stochastic geometry are applied to take into account the random influence in pattern formation. Descriptive statistics as well as stochastic models are used to characterize the damage level. The stochastic models, such as fibre processes and random mosaics, will finally correlate the physical damage process with the random crack pattern observed. It is shown in this paper how the statistical characteristics of the random crack patterns can be related to the statistical characteristics of the stochastic models and the way the physical nature of the damage process influences these quantities.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 133-136 (Jan. 1993), p. 627-632 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 37 (1991), S. 1441-1453 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Gesamtdruckmessungen mittels eines Membrannullmanometers wurden Phasenbarogramme der Systeme GeI4-I2, GeI4-BiI3 und GeI4-HgI2 ermittelt und die resultierenden Phasendiagramme mit den an Hand von DTA-Messungen erhaltenen verglichen. Alle diese Systeme besitzen einen eutektischen Punkt.
    Notes: Abstract The phase barograms of the systems GeI4-I2, GeI4-BiI3 and GeI4-HgI2 were determined by total pressure measurements in a membrane zero manometer and the resulting phase diagrams were compared with those obtained by DTA measurements. All the systems were single eutectics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials science 27 (1991), S. 551-555 
    ISSN: 1573-885X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conclusions In this paper, some ideas concerning the statistical modelling of damage on a microstructural level and its relation to macroscopic quantities are given. Two examples using different kinds of approaches for the damage modelling are presented. In the first part, creep damage of an austenitic steel is modelled in a phenomenological way according to experimental observations. This leads to patterns of simulated grain boundary failure, which are in qualitative agreement with experimental findings. A method is indicated how to incorporate micromechanical models in macroscopic relations for creep behavior. In the second part, a micromechanical model for creep damage of alumina is incorporated into the simulated grain boundary structure. Characteristic patterns of the different simulation procedures are shown. As a first step, the results seem to be encouraging. The advantages of the use of stochastic geometry methods in the light of the possible inclusion of more sophisticated models for grain boundary failure and the interaction effects of cavitated grain boundary facets are twofold: Any kind of grain boundary failure can be handled by the stochastic model which is therefore applicable for different kinds of material. Interaction effects of cavitated grain boundary facets can be handled in a very efficient way, which allows the simulation of realistic configurations without a prohibitively large amount of computing time. The framework of the stochastic geometry seems therefore to be a very efficient tool for the development of micromechanical damage models and their relation to a macroscopic description of damage.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 590 (1990), S. 161-172 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Thermal Decomposition of Hg2I2 and the Hg—I State DiagramSolid Hg2I2 decomposes congruently in Hg and HgI2. The entropy S°(Hg2I2,s,298) = (55,5 ± 1) cal/K · mol and the enthalpy of formation ΔHf°(Hg2I2, s, 298) = (-30,0 ± 2) kcal/mol are derived from the decomposition equilibrium. The phase diagram of the whole system Hg—I was constructed from investigations by DTA and total pressure measurements in the partial systems Hg—Hg2I2, Hg2I2—HgI2, and HgI2—I2. It follows, that Hg2I2 melts incongruently at 297°C and decomposes in a Hg-rich and HgI2-rich melt. The emerging miscibility gap is assumed to close at a temperature near 500°C.
    Notes: Festes Hg2I2 zersetzt sich kongruent in Hg und HgI2. Aus dem Zersetzungsgleichgewicht werden die Standardentropie S°(Hg2I2, f, 298) = (55,5 ± 1) cal/K · mol und die Bildungsenthalpie ΔHb°(Hg2I2, f, 298) = (-30,0 ± 2) kcal/mol hergeleitet.Differentialthermoanalytische Untersuchungen über den Gesamtbereich Hg—I und Gesamtdruckmessungen in den Teilsystemen Hg—Hg2I2, Hg2I2—HgI2 und HgI2—I2 liefern das Zustandsdiagramm Hg—I. Es folgt, daß Hg2I2 bei 297°C inkongruent schmilzt und sich in eine Hg-reiche und HgI2-reiche Schmelze zersetzt. Die Mischungslücke schließt sich oberhalb 500°C.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 593 (1991), S. 200-206 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: BiI3—HgI2 system ; BiI3—I2 system ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Barogram and Melting Diagram of the Systems BiI3—HgI2 and BiI3—I2The barograms of the systems BiI3—HgI2 and BiI3—I2 are determined by total pressure measurements in a membrane manometer. The melting diagrams follow from DTA measurements and the barogram. Both systems are eutectic with eutectica at 1.5 mol% BiI3 and 110°C for BiI3—I2 and 9 mol% BiI3 and 243°C for BiI3—HgI2.
    Notes: Die Zustandsbarogramme der Systeme BiI3—HgI2 und BiI3—I2 wurden durch Druckmessungen im Membrannullmanometer ermittelt. Die Schmelzdiagramme wurden aus DTA-Messungen und den Barogrammen aufgestellt. Beide Systeme sind einfach eutektisch mit Eutektika bei 1,5 Mol-% BiI3 und 110°C für BiI3—I2 und 9 Mol-% BiI3 und 243°C für BiI3—HgI2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 601 (1991), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bismuth triiodide ; decomposition equilibrium ; transport equilibrium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Decomposition Equilibrium BiI3 ⇌ BiI + I2 and Transport Equilibrium 2Bi + BiI3 ⇌ 3BiIWe determined the decomposition equilibrium (1) and the transport equilibrium (2) by a membranezeromanometer and by CTR experiments. The enthalpy of formation for BiI was concluded from the equilibrium constants. With the standard entropy \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm S}^{\rm 0} ({\rm BiI, g, 298}) = 65.8 \pm 0.2\,{\rm cal/K} \cdot {\rm mol} $$\end{document} follow the values \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm f}^0 ({\rm BiI, g, 298}) = 20.1 \pm 4\,{\rm kcal/mol} $$\end{document} from the first, and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm f}^0({\rm BiI, g, 298}) = 22.0 \pm 2\,{\rm kcal/mol} $$\end{document} from the second equation, by both methods.
    Notes: Das Zersetzungsgleichgewicht BiIl3, g = BiI, g + I2, g (1) und das Transportgleichgewicht 2Bi, fl + BiI3, g = 3BiI, g (2) wurden im Membrannullmanometer gemessen und letzteres auch durch chemische Transportreaktionen ermittelt. Aus den Gleichgewichtskonstanten wurde die Bildungsenthalpie des BiI, g hergeleitet. Man erhält mit der Standardentropie \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm S}^{\rm 0} ({\rm BiI, g, 298}) = 65,8 \pm 0,2\,{\rm cal/K} \cdot {\rm mol} $$\end{document} aus ersterem Gleichgewicht \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^0 ({\rm BiI, g, 298}) = 20,1 \pm 4\,{\rm kcal/mol,} $$\end{document} und aus letzterem nach beiden Herleitungen \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm H}_{\rm B}^0 = 22,0 \pm 2\,{\rm kcal/mol}{\rm .} $$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 616 (1992), S. 169-171 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ammonium rare earth halides ; preparation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Ammonium Rare Earth Halides totally free of WaterAmmonium rare earth halides totally free of traces of water were prepared in an one step synthesis from metal, ammonium halide, and halogen in a two step temperature regime.
    Notes: Vollständig wasserfreie Ammonium- Seltenerdhalogenide werden in einer Einschrittsynthese aus Seltenerdmetall, Ammoniumhalogenid und Halogen in einem Zweistufen-Temperatur-Regime gewonnen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 424-432 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Vanadium niobium oxide ; chemical transport ; phase diagrams ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermochemical Investigations in the System V/Nb/O. II. Chemical Transport in the Region V2O5/Nb2O5/VO2/NbO2Transport experiments were used to support the phase relationships of the V2O5/Nb2O5/VO2/NbO2 system, which were established by annealing experiments of powder mixtures. The phase relations were studied in the NbO2-rich region of the system by means of X-ray and ESMA methods. The NbO2-rich section is characterized by the following two phase and three phase regions: Two phase region: V3Nb9O29/rutile mixed crystal V1-xNbxO2Two phase region: BI-mixed crystal/VxNb1-xO2Three phase region: V3Nb9O29/solubility limit LG1 (V1-xNbxO2)/BI-mixed crystalThree phase region: solubility limit LG1 (V1-xNbxO2)/BI-mixed crystal/solubility limit LG2 (VxNb1-xO2).The composition of the solubility limits LG1 and LG2 was ascertained by means of ESMA-investigation: LG1: 57.5 ± 5 mol% NbO2/43.5 ± 5 mol% VO2 LG2: 22.5 ± 5 mol% NbO2/78.5 ± 5 mol% VO2-
    Notes: Anhand von Transportexperimenten konnten die nach Temperversuchen aufgestellten Phasenverhältnisse bestätigt werden. Die Phasenbeziehungen im NbO2-reichen Teilgebiet wurden mittels Röntgen- und ESMA-Untersuchungen an Pulvermischungen und einkristallinen Proben aufgestellt. Das NbO2-reiche Gebiet kann durch die folgenden Zweiphasen- und Dreiphasengebiete charakterisiert werden: Zweiphasengebiet: V3Nb9O29/Rutilmischkristall V1-xNbxO2 Zweiphasengebiet: BI-Mischkristall/VxNb1-xO2 Dreiphasengebiet: V3Nb9O29/Löslichkeitsgrenze LG1 (V1-xNbxO2)/BI-Mischkristall Dreiphasengebiet: Löslichkeitsgrenze LG1 (V1-xNbxO2)/BI-Mischkristall/Löslichkeitsgrenze LG2 (VxNb1-xO2).Die Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung der Löslichkeitsgrenzen LG1 und LG2 erfolgte mittels ESMA-Untersuchungen: LG1: 57,5 ± 5 mol%NbO2/43,5 ± 5 mol%VO2 LG2: 22,5 ± 5 mol% NbO2/78,5 ± 5 mol% VO2-.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Vanadium niobium oxides ; phase diagrams ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Phase Relations in the System V/Nb/O. I. Coexistence Relations in the Section V2O5/Nb2O5/VO2/NbO2.Phase relations in the section Nb2O5/V2O5/VO2/NbO2 of the ternary system V/Nb/O have been studied by X-ray diffraction. The investigated samples were prepared by high temperature synthesis at 900°C-1000°C.The section Nb2O5/V2O5/VO2/NbO2 is charakterized by fife three phase regions: The limits of solubility of the pseudobinary system were ascertained by determination of lattic parameters of powder samples: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm LG1:}\,{\rm 62} \pm \,{\rm 2mol}\% {\rm NbO}_2 /38 \pm \,2{\rm mol}\% {\rm VO}_{\rm 2} } \hfill \\ {{\rm LG2:}\,14 \pm \,{\rm 2mol}\% {\rm NbO}_2 /86 \pm \,2{\rm mol}\% {\rm VO}_{\rm 2} } \hfill \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}
    Notes: Die Phasenverhältnisse im ternären Teilgebiet Nb2O5/V2O5/VO2/NbO2 wurden durch Temperversuche mit anschließender Röntgenphasenanalyse aufgeklärt. Aus diesen Ergebnissen konnte die Existenz von fünf Koexistenzgebieten postuliert werden: Die Löslichkeitsgrenzen auf dem quasibinären Schnitt VO2/NbO2 wurden durch die Gitterkonstantenbestimmung ermittelt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm LG1:}\,{\rm 62} \pm \,{\rm 2mol}\% {\rm NbO}_2 /38 \pm \,2{\rm mol}\% {\rm VO}_{\rm 2} } \hfill \\ {{\rm LG2:}\,14 \pm \,{\rm 2mol}\% {\rm NbO}_2 /86 \pm \,2{\rm mol}\% {\rm VO}_{\rm 2} } \hfill \\ \end{array} $$\end{document}.
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