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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (52)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (47)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (43)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of the mouse testis-determining gene Sry in male preimplantation embryos (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 196-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Embryonic development ; Mammal ; Sex determination ; Gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The testis-determining factor in the mouse is encoded by the Sry gene on the Y chromosome. Transcripts of this gene have been shown previously to be present in the genital ridge at the beginning of gonadal differentiation (11.5 days post coitum) and in adult testis. In this study, RNA transcripts of the Sry gene are also detected in male blastocyst-stage embryos (3.5 days post coitum) at approximately 40-100 copies per cell, long before overt sex differentiation. These results indicate that preimplantation mouse embryos have sexually dimorphic gene expression at least with respect to Sry transcripts. In addition, at least some of the Sry RNA transcripts in blastocysts are circular, as has been reported for Sry transcripts from adult testis. The appearance of Sry transcripts in blastocysts at this level raises the possibility that sex determination begins earlier during embryonic development than previously thought. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400208
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Timetable of in vivo embryonic development in the grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 39 (1994), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Marsupial ; Gestation ; Embryogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The timing of development was examined in 496 embryos from female Monodelphis domestica, collected at known time intervals after video recorded mating. Ovulation occurred approximately 20 hr (day 1) after mating, and fertilization was observed by 24 hr. Transport through the oviducts was rapid, and pronuclear stage embryos were recovered from the uterus as early as 24 hr after mating. Second cleavage had occurred by 55 hr after mating. Three-celled embryos were among those collected on day 3 after mating, indicating that asynchronous cleavage of blastomeres can occur from the two-cell stage. The four-cell stage persisted for approximately 24 hr, and embryos that had undergone third cleavage were first recovered 74 hr after mating. Embryos that had undergone fourth to fifth cleavage were found 96-100 hr (4 days) after mating and complete unilaminar blastocysts by 5.5 days after mating. Primary endoderm formed from an already distinct embryonic area of the unilaminar blastocyst early on day 7 after mating. Formation of the bilaminar blastocyst was completed rapidly, on day 7 after mating. The primitive streak appeared on day 10 after mating, and organogenesis rapidly ensued on a timetable similar to that reported for Didelphis virginiana (McCrady, 1938). Close contact with the maternal circulation was established on day 11 and by day 12 maternal and embryonic tissues could not be separated without damage. The length of the gestation period from fertilization to birth was approximately 13.5 days. These observations provide the basis for further embryological cellular and molecular studies of this species as a laboratory model for marsupial development.© 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080390404
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and dynamics observed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 27 (1994), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Schlagwort(e): Cristae ; 3D structure ; Hepatocytes ; Fibroblasts ; Adrenal cortex ; Brown fat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Rat adrenal cortex was processed for high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) to confirm tubular cristae, reported by transmission electron microscopy to be present in cortex mitochondria. Mitochondria in several other tissue and cell types were also observed and their ultrastructure confirmed by using three-dimensional, stereo, high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The mitochondria in rat and human hepatocytes as well as human skin fibroblasts mitochondria proved to be long, up to 46 micrometers and branching, as compared to those in liver which were spherical in shape. Cold adapted brown fat cells were packed with mitochondria, these containing plate or shelf-like cristae. Branched, rat striated muscle mitochondria were observed to curve around contractile protein filament bundles. The muscle mitochondrial cristae were found to be both tubular and plate-like, within the same mitochondrion. The ratio of tubular cristae to plate-like cristae varied considerably between muscle mitochondria. In order to use ultrastructural changes in mitochondria for differential diagnosis, and because 3D reconstruction of mitochondria based on transmission electron microscopy serial sections is severely limited in resolution, it is imperative to first develop a correct understanding of tissue specific, normal mitochondrial ultrastructure based on three-dimensional, HRSEM methods. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070270402
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of mammary growth and function by TGF-β (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 32 (1992), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Transforming growth factor-β ; Mammary ; Growth regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have previously shown that TGF-β1 rapidly and reversibly inhibits ductal growth in vivo when administered by miniature slow-release plastic implants. A possible role for endogenous TGF-β1 was suggested by the observation that the normal gland displayed substantial, developmentally regulated levels of TGF-β1 transcripts and protein. These studies have now been extended to include the other two mammalian TGF-β isoforms. When tested with slow-release plastic implants, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 also caused disappearance of the proliferating mammary stem cell layer, with rapid involution of ductal end buds and cessation of glandular growth. None of the isoforms was active in inhibiting alveolar morphogenesis. We conclude that under the conditions of these tests, the three mammaliian isoforms are functionally equivalent. However, striking differences in patterns of gene expression and in the distribution of immunoreactive peptides suggest that TGF-β2 was expressed only at low levels, and mainly during pregancy. TGF-β3 was expressed in ductal stroma and epithelium, and was the only isoform detected in myoepithelial cells. Developing alveolar tissue and its associated ducts displayed striking TGF-β3 gene expression and immunostaining, which were greatly reduced during lactation. We are now investigating the possibility that the observed high levels of TGF-β expression in pregnancy, particularly of TGF-β3, and the absence of substantial expression of any isoform during lactation, may indicate a role for the TGF-β in regulating functional differentiation or the onset of milk secretion. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080320210
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biocatalysis using gelatin microemulsion-based organogels containing immobilized Chromobacterium viscosum lipase (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): biocalalysis ; microemulsion ; gelatin ; organogel ; lipase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Chromobacterium viscosum (CV) lipase was immobilized in gelatin-containing Aerosol-OT (AOT) microemulsion-based organogels (MBGs). The behavior of this novel, predominantly hydrophobic matrix as an esterification catalyst has been examined. The biocatalyst was most effective when the MBG was granulated to yield gel particles of ∼500 μm diameter, providing a total surface area of ca. 106 mm2 per 10 cm3 of gel. The gel was generally contacted with a solution of the substrate(s) in a hydrocarbon oil. Under most conditions reaction was not diffusion limited. Apparent lipase activity was influenced by certain compositional changes in the MBG, but most significantly when the R value, the mole ratio of water to surfactant, was altered. Higher activities were observed at lower R values. Although gels of lowest R value expressed the highest condensation activity, such formulations were physically unsuitable as immobilization matrices due to their proximity to the gel-solution phase boundary. MBGs of intermediate R values (between 60 and 80) were considered most suitable because they offer relatively high condensation activity and good physical stability. The gelatin concentration also exerted a small but measurable influence on the observed condensation rates. Apparent lipase activity was also influenced to some extent by the nature of the parent hydrocarbon used to prepare the MBG. Higher activities were obtained using formulations derived from isooctane and cyclohexane rather than the n-alkanes. Condensation activities expressed by CV lipase in the MBGs were broadly comparable to those expressed in the analogous parent water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions. The MBGs functioned effectively in neat substrate solutions, but the condensation activity expressed by the MBGs in a series of successive batch syntheses was adversely affected by the formation and retention of the water coproduct. Selective removal of the water was achieved using a concentrated solution of dry reverse micelles, which resulted in recovery of lost activity. Pretreatment of lipase-containing MBGs resulted in the formation of MBGs with enhanced catalytic properties and modified composing the conventional procedure. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On-line monitoring and control of methanol concentration in shake-flask cultures of Pichia pastoris (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 56 (1997), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): methanol sensor ; methanol monitoring and control ; methylotrophic yeast fermentation ; Pichia pastoris ; transferrin ; shake-flask cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris can be used to express recombinant genes at high levels under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter. Accurate regulation of the methanol concentration in P. pastoris cultures is necessary to maintain induction, while preventing accumulation of methanol to cytotoxic levels. We developed an inexpensive methanol sensor that uses a gas-permeable silicone rubber tube immersed in the culture medium and an organic solvent vapor detector. The sensor was used to monitor methanol concentration continuously throughout a fed-batch shake-flask culture of a P. pastoris clone producing the N-lobe of human transferrin. The sensor calibration was stable for the duration of the culture and the output signal accurately reflected the methanol concentration determined off-line by HPLC. A closed-loop control system utilizing this sensor was developed and used to maintain a 0.3% (v/v) methanol concentration in the culture. Use of this system resulted in a fivefold increase in volumetric protein productivity over levels obtained using the conventional fed-batch protocol. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 279-286, 1997.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Collateral projections from trigeminal sensory nuclei to ventrobasal thalamus and cerebellar cortex in rats (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 192 (1987), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The retrograde fluorescent labeling technique reveals that trigeminal projections to the ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus (VPM) of the rat originate from the main sensory nucleus (MSN) of the trigeminal and subnuclei interpolaris (V1) and caudalis (Vc) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These projections are predominately contralateral; however, the presence of a few ipsilateral labeled cells in MSN suggests an uncrossed trigeminothalamic pathway. Trigeminocerebellar fibers projecting to the paramedian lobule (PML) of the cerebellar cortex are located in Vi and caudal subnucleus oralis (V0). This is principally an ipsilateral pathway, but several bisbenzimide-labeled cells are present in contralateral Vi. The most notable finding occurred after paired injections of Evans Blue into VPM and bisbenzimide into PML, demonstrating neurons in Vi with divergent projections to both structures. The presence of this type of projection was not found in mice (Steindler: J. Comp. Neurol. 237:155-175, 1985) and has not been reported in other species.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051920305
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. I. Structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Wild-collected adults of Bombina orientalis are bright green dorsally and red to red-orange ventrally. As a prelude to an analysis of the differentiation of pigment cells in developing B. orientalis, we describe structural and chemical aspects of the fully differentiated pigment pattern of the “normal” adult.Structurally, differences between dorsal green and ventral red skin are summarized as follows: (1) Dorsal green skin contains a “typical” dermal chromatophore unit comprised of melanophores, iridophores, and xanthophores. Red skin contains predominantly carotenoid-containing xanthophores (erythrophores), and skin from black spot areas contains only melanophores. (2) In ventral red skin, there is also a thin layer of deep-lying iridophores that presumably are not involved in the observed color pattern. (3) Xanthophores of red and green skin are morphologically distinguishable from each other. Dorsal skin xanthophores contain both pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles; ventral skin xanthophores contain only carotenoid vesicles. Carotenoid vesicles in dorsal xanthophores are much larger but less electron dense than comparable structures in ventral xanthophores.The presence of carotenes in ventral skin accounts for the bright red-orange color of the belly of this frog. Similar pigments are also present in green skin, but in smaller quantities and in conjunction with both colored (yellow) and colorless pteridines. From spectral data obtained for xanthophore pigments and structural data obtained from the size and arrangement of reflecting platelets in the iridophore layer, we attempt to explain the phenomenon of observed green color in B. orientalis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051790303
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Double inhibition model for degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida Q5 (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 560-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): phenol degradation ; Pseudomonas putida ; inhibition model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A semiempirical model, based on the presence of an inhibitory intermediate metabolite excreted to the broth, was developed to better predict the dynamic responses to shock loadings of Pseudomonas putida Q5 degrading phenol. Compared to the Haldane equation, the new model exhibited better prediction capabilities for a broad range of inlet concentration and dilution rate step changes. The experiments were performed at 10° and 25°C and ranged from stable responses to washouts. The time delays observed experimentally were successfully predicted with the dual-inhibition model and a very good agreement with the observed phenol profile also was found in a pulse experiment. A possible intermediate metabolite was detected by HPLC analyses based on the high correlation shown with the predicted inhibitory intermediate metabolite in the model. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 560-567, 1998.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxygen absorption in stirred tanks: A correlation for ionic strength effects (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 755-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new correlation is given for the prediction of the volumetric coefficient for mass transfer (KLa) in stirred tanks from dispersed gas bubbles to basal salt solutions of ionic strengths representative of fermentation media. The correlation includes the effects of both the operating parameters (agitation power per unit volume and gas superficial velocity) and the physicochemical properties of the system: interfacial tension, viscosity, density, diffusion, coefficient and, in particular, ionic strength. The effect of the latter was found to be most significant in the Newtonian systems of water-like viscosity investigated; no previous correlations have included the effect of ionic strength. KLa values were determined by using a dissolved oxygen probe to monitor the steady-state oxygen tension in continuous flow experiments, and/or the rate of change of oxygen tension in unsteady-state semibatch experiments. In the latter cases, results were computed by a nonlinear, least squares computer program which fitted the experimental data to a model of probe transient response characteristics. The general applicability of the model and the computational procedure was verified by comparing the results to those obtained with the same electrolyte solution in the steady-state mode. The experiments were run over a wide range of agitation power inputs, including those typical of both soluble- and insoluble-substrate fermentations. The correlation appears to be valid for both oxygen mass transfer with and without homogeneous chemical reaction in the liquid phase; in the former case, for example, sulfite oxidation, knowledge of the chemical reaction enhancement factor is required. In addition to predicting oxygen transfer capabilities, the correlation may be used for other sparingly soluble gases of interest in fermentation systems, such as methane, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150409
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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