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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression sites and developmental regulation of genes encoding (1→3,1→4)-β-glucanases in germinated barley (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 173 (1988), S. 500-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Aleurone ; (1→3,1→4)-β-Glucanase ; Hordeum (gene regulation) ; Hybridization histochemistry ; Scutellum ; Seed germination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Expression sites of genes encoding (1→3,1→4)-β-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.73) have been mapped in germinated barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.) by hybridization histochemistry. A32P-labelled cDNA (copy DNA) probe was hybridized to cryosections of intact barley grains to localize complementary mRNAs. No mRNA encoding (1→3,1→4)-β-glucanase is detected in ungerminated grain. Expression of (1→3,1→4)-β-glucanase genes is first detected in the scutellum after 1 d and is confined to the epithelial layer. At this stage, no expression is apparent in the aleurone. After 2 d, levels of (1→3,1→4)-β-glucanase mRNA decrease in the scutellar epithelium but increase in the aleurone. In the aleurone layer, induction of (1→3,1→4)-β-glucanase gene expression, as measured by mRNA accumulation, progresses from the proximal to distal end of the grain as a front moving away from, and parallel to, the face of the scutellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00958963
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropy of Interfaces in an Ordered HCP Binary Alloy (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 95 (1999), S. 1337-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: diffuse interfaces ; hexagonal close packing ; anisotropy ; mean-field theory ; Allen–Cahn equation ; interphase boundaries ; antiphase boundaries ; surface energy ; discrete free energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A multiple-order-parameter mean-field theory of ordering on a binary hexagonal- close-packed (HCP) crystal structure is developed, and adapted to provide a continuum formulation that incorporates the underlying symmetries of the HCP crystal in both the bulk and gradient energy terms of the free energy. The work is an extension of the previous treatment by Braun et al. [Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 355:1787 (1997)] of order–disorder transitions on a face-centered-cubic crystal (FCC) lattice. The theory is used to compute the orientation dependence of the structure and energy of interphase and antiphase boundaries in ordering to the Cd3Mg and CdMg structures, which are the HCP analogs of Cu3Au and CuAu structures in FCC. As in the corresponding FCC case, the multiple order parameters do not form a vector. Anisotropy is a natural consequence of the underlying crystal symmetries and the multiple-order-parameter continuum formation presented here. The isotropy transverse to the sixfold axis expected for a scalar order parameter is not found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004583324097
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A boundary integral method for the simulation of two-dimensional particle coarsening (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of scientific computing 1 (1986), S. 117-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Keywords: Boundary integral method ; free-boundary problems ; Ostwald ripening ; coarsening ; binary alloy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A boundary integral method for the solution of a time-dependent free-boundary problem in a two-dimensional, multiply-connected, exterior domain is described. The method is based on an iterative solution of the resulting integral equations at each time step, with the initial guesses provided by extrapolation from previous time steps. The method is related to a technique discussed by Baker for the study of water waves. The discretization is chosen so that the solvability conditions required for the exterior Dirichlet problem do not degrade the convergence rate of the iterative solution procedure. Consideration is given to the question of vectorizing the computation. The method is applied to the problem of the coarsening of two-dimensional particles by volume diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polyclonal antibody (anticentrin) distinguishes between two types of fibrous flagellar roots in green algae (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 144 (1988), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Centrin ; Ca2-modulated contractile protein ; Flagellar apparatus ; Green algae ; Fibrous flagellar roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The two main types of fibrous flagellar roots present in the flagellar apparatus of green algae (system I and system II fibers) are immunologically distinct as indicated by the localization of a Ca2+-modulated contractile protein (centrin) exclusively in one type (system II fibers) but not in the other type (system I fibers). A polyclonal antibody generated against the major protein of the striated flagellar roots (system II fibers) of the quadriflagellate green algaTetraselmis striata was used to localize centrin by immunofluorescence and pre- and postembedding immunogold electron microscopy in the flagellar apparatus ofSpermatozopsis similis, S. exsultans, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella bioculata, Polytomella parva and gametes ofMonostroma grevillei andEnteromorpha sp. Whereas the antibody recognizes centrin in connecting fibers and system II fibers, no labeling occurs in system I fibers in all taxa investigated. This study presents the first evidence that system I fibers lack centrin and indicates that the two main types of fibrous flagellar roots in green algae are biochemically distinct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320280
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of the flagellar apparatus and microtubular cytoskeleton inPyramimonas gelidicola (Prasinophyceae, Chlorophyta) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 121 (1984), S. 186-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Flagellar apparatus ; Microtubular cytoskeleton ; Phylogeny ; Prasinophyceae ; Pyramimonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The absolute configuration of the flagellar apparatus inPyramimonas gelidicola McFadden et al. has been determined and shows identity withP. obovata, indicating that they are closely related. Comparison with the flagellar apparatus of quadriflagellate zoospores from the more advancedChlorophyceae suggest thatPyramimonas may be a primitive ancestral form. The microtubular cytoskeleton has been examined in detail and is shown to be unusual in that it does not attach to the flagellar apparatus. Cytoskeletal microtubules are nucleated individually, and this is interpreted as an adaptation to the methods of mitosis and scale deployment. In view of the primitive nature of these processes, it is proposed that this type of cytoskeletal organization may represent a less advanced condition than that of the flagellar root MTOCs (microtubule organizing centers) observed in theChlorophyceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Golgi apparatus activity and membrane flow during scale biogenesis in the green flagellateScherffelia dubia (Prasinophyceae). II: Cell wall secretion and assembly (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 131 (1986), S. 174-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Golgi apparatus ; Green Algae ; Membrane flow ; Scales ; Scherffelia ; Self-assembly ; Theca
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Secretion of the cell wall (theca) in the scaly green flagellateScherffelia dubia (Prasinophyceae) has been examined by electron microscopy during cytokinesis. The bi-laminate wall forms by the extracellular amalgamation of two layers of scales produced in the Golgi apparatus (GA). Each mature GA cisterna contains ca. 12,000 scales of two distinct varieties arranged in two layers on the cisternal membrane. GA cisternae undergo turnover and one scale containing cisterna matures from thetransface of each dictyosome every 3–4 minutes. Cisternae then fuse with the plasma membrane at the anterior end of the cell releasing the scales onto the cell surface. The two layers of wall scales integrate on the cell surface in a time-dependent self-assembly process. The first scales deposited commence assembly at the cell posterior and the wall develops anteriorly by edge growth. The daughter cell wall is composed of ca. 1.2 million scales deposited in about 3 hours. Calculations of net membrane flow strongly indicate extensive endocytosis during wall deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01285039
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The smallest known eukaryotic genomes encode a protein gene: towards an understanding of nucleomorph functions (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 243 (1994), S. 600-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Cryptomonads ; Periplastidal ; Hsp70 ; Transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cryptomonads are unicellular algae with plastids surrounded by four membranes. Between the two pairs of membranes lies a periplastidal compartment that harbours a DNA-containing organelle, termed the nucleomorph. The nucleomorph is the vestigial nucleus of a phototrophic, eukaryotic endosymbiont. Subcloning of parts of one nucleomorph chromosome revealed a gene coding for an Hsp70 protein. We demonstrate the expression of this nucleomorph protein-coding gene and present a model for protein transport from the host to the endosymbiont compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periplast structure of the cryptomonad flagellateHemiselmis brunnescens (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 131 (1986), S. 11-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell surface ; Cryptophyceae ; Freeze fracture/etch ; Periplast ; Scales ; Self-assembly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The periplast ofHemiselmis brunnescens Butcher is a complex cell covering comprised of the plasma membrane (PM) sandwiched between a surface periplast component (SPC) and an inner periplast component (IPC). The SPC is revealed by deep-etching, and consists of hexagonal plates composed of tripartite subunits that appear to self-assemble into a crystalline layer with a hexagonal symmetry. Small scales (termed fibrillar scales) accumulate on the crystalline plates during cell growth, eventually forming a “carpet” that itself may appear crystalline when fully formed. Heptagonal “rosette scales” are occasionally observed on the surface as well. The position of the crystalline plates is precisely mirrored by both the E and P fracture faces of the PM. The plate proper is underlain by membrane with a high concentration of intramembrane particles (IMPs) while the bands of membrane underlying the plate borders lack IMPs. Access of subunits and fibrillar scales to the cell surface following initial plate formation appears to be at the plate boundaries. This study suggests that cryptomonad flagellates may provide model systems for studying the self-assembly of cell surface components, and for relating membrane structure to function, as evidence suggests a major role for the PM in mediating periplast assembly and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281683
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spine-scale reorientation inApedinella radians (Pedinellales, Chrysophyceae): the microarchitecture and immunocytochemistry of the associated cytoskeleton (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 147 (1988), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actin ; Apedinella ; Centrin ; Cytoskeleton ; Motility ; Tubulin (Microtubules)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Motile unicells ofApedinella radians have the extraordinary ability to instantaneously reorient six elongate spine-scales located on the cell surface. Extracellular striated fibrous connectors (termed microligaments) attach spine-scales to discrete regions of the plasma membrane underlain by intricate cytoplasmic plaques. A complex cytoskeleton is associated with the plaques and appears responsible for spine-scale movement. Three cytoskeletal proteins have thus far been identified by immunofluorescence using anti-tubulin, anti-actin, and anti-centrin. The three-dimensional configuration of the cytoskeleton has been established and consists of filamentous bundles of actin and centrin which form stellate systems interconnecting the plaques. Additionally, there is a network of microtubular triads which originate on the surface of the nuclear envelope and subtend the plasma membrane and also support several tentacular protrusions. It is proposed that contraction of the actin and/or centrin filamentous bundles is responsible for the reorientation of the spine-scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403875
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and cytochemical analysis of an unusual nucleus-pyrenoid association in a unicellular red alga (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 186 (1995), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Nucleic acid cytochemistry ; Nuclear protrusion ; Pyrenoid ; Rhodella maculata ; Structural RNA ; Ribosomal RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protrusions of the nucleus that extend into the pyrenoid of the unicellular red algaRhodella maculata have been characterised morphologically and cytochemically. Serial reconstructions indicate that cells frequently have two tubular nuclear protrusions that are up to 1.2 μm long. Cytochemical analyses were undertaken to investigate the nucleic acid content of the protrusions. DNA was not detected in the nuclear protrusions, though clear labelling was seen in all other DNA-containing zones (viz. the main nuclear compartment, the chloroplast and the mitochondria). High concentrations of RNA were observed in the nuclear protrusion. In situ hybridization experiments indicate that ribosomal RNAs are not a major component of the protrusion RNA. Possible roles of the protrusion and its RNA content are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281323
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