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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Chaperones Stimulate Bone Resorption (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 214-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone resorption — Molecular chaperones — Heat shock proteins — Cytokines — Bacteria — Bone disease.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Molecular chaperones, also known as heat shock proteins (hsp), are intracellular proteins found in all cells that catalyze protein folding. We have discovered that one class of bacterial molecular chaperone, the chaperonins, are potent inducers of bone resorption. To address the question of whether the osteolytic activity of the chaperonins was unique to this protein class, or was a common attribute of molecular chaperones generally, we have examined a number of bacterial and mammalian molecular chaperones for activity in the murine calvarial bone resorption assay. All the Escherichia coli molecular chaperones (groEL, groES, and dnaK) were active. The osteolytic activity of groEL was inhibited by indomethacin and the natural antagonist of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) but was unaffected by neutralization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Mammalian molecular chaperones of molecular mass 27, 47, 70, and 90 kDa were also tested and, with the exception of the 47 kDa protein, all showed activity in the murine calvarial assay. Molecular chaperones appear, therefore, to have the capacity to modulate the cellular processes in bone explant cultures, resulting in resorption of the calcified matrix. The possibility that these proteins could play a role in the normal or pathological remodeling of bone is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900605
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luminescence from Ti2+ ions in LiF crystals (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 214-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.70 ; 78.50 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Luminescence of Ti2+: LiF crystals in the wavelength range 650–900 nm excited using laser radiation is reported. The values of 10Dq and the Racah B parameter obtained from the present results indicate that in LiF the 1 E, 1 T 2, and 3 T 2 energy levels are almost at the “cross-over” point in the Tanabe-Sugano diagram. In consequence photoluminescence from all three energy levels to the ground state is observed. At low temperature (T ∼ 14 K) the emission is mainly due to sharp emission lines with weak vibronic structure due to the 1 E, 1 T 2→3 T 1 transitions of Ti2+ ions. The 3 T 2→3 T 1 broad-band emission is weak at low temperature, becoming stronger at 300 K due to a phonon-assisted tunnelling process, similar to that observed in Cr3+: garnets [1]. The excitation spectrum of these lines is a broad peak at 590 nm due to absorption in the 3 T 1→3 T 2 transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324254
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge compensation and the luminescence of Cr3+ in KMgF3 (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 365-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.70.Ch ; 71.55.Ht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Studies of the photoluminescence spectra of Cr3+ ions in KMgF3 crystals co-doped with Cr3+ and Ni2+ ions are reported. Several crystal field sites are identified by the different R-line spectra due to the 2 E→4 A 2 transition and broadband luminescences associated with the 4 T 2→4 A 2 transitions. Cr3+ ions substituting without local charge compensation on the octahedral Mg2+ site give rise to a low temperature R line in photoluminescence at λ=702.3 nm with a radiative decaytime of 3 ms at T=14 K. At T=300 K this isotropic centre gives rise to an unpolarized broadband 4 T 2→4 A 2 emission, which results from the thermal occupancy of an excited 4 T 2 state just above the 2 E level which, at lower temperature, gives rise to emission in the R-line. Other crystal field sites are due to some Cr3+ ions having Mg2+ or K+ vacancies in nearest-neighbour positions, these vacancies being required to maintain charge neutrality in doped fluoride perovskites. The Cr3+−K+ vacancy complex results in the centre having trigonal symmetry, and low temperature, photoluminescence via R 1 and R 2 lines at 716.8 nm and 716.0 nm, respectively. Finally, Cr3+ ions having a nearest neighbour Mg2+ vacancy have tetragonal symmetry, experiencing weak crystal fields. In consequence, the 4 T 2 level lies below 2 E and the photoluminescence spectrum at low temperature takes the form of a polarized broad 4 T 2→4 A 2 band with peak at 760 nm and radiative decaytime of 54 μs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331713
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical spectroscopy of Cr3+ ions in LiF single crystals (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 53 (1991), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.70 ; 78.50 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on the luminescence spectrum, its excitation-wavelength dependence and decaytime of Cr3+:LiF crystals. In contrast to Al2O3 and MgO, where the Cr3+ luminescence at low temperature is due to the R-line and its vibronic sideband, luminescence from Cr3+:LiF is assigned to the broad-band 4 T 2→4 A 2 transition. A periodic structure in the vibronic sidebands of this transition occurs with energy separations of ca. 60 meV. The linear polarisation of the vibronic sidebands shows that their radiative transition takes place from the lowest excited level of the 4 T 2 state, i.e. 4 B 1, into the 4 A 2 ground state of Cr3+ ions in orthorhombic symmetry sites. The crystal-field parameters calculated from the experimental data, and luminescence decay-time of the two polarized configurations of the 4 B 1(4 T 2)→4 A 2 transition are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324253
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disorder and the shape of the R-lines in Cr3+-doped garnets (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 50 (1990), S. 565-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.40 ; 78.55 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes measurements of the R-line emission from Cr3+ ions in Y3Ga5O12, Gd3Sc2Ga3O12, and Gd3Sc2Al3O12. Discrete splittings of the lines are interpreted as due to disorder on the cation sublattices. Assuming statistical distributions of the cations on the different cation sublattices enables estimates to be made of the degree of non-stoichiometry in the crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323448
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPR and optical spectroscopy of Cr3+ ions in Y3Ga5O12 crystalline thin films (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 470-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 71.70 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The emission spectrum of Cr3+ in Y3Ga5O12 crystalline thin films at 10K is composed of the sharp R 1-line, its phonon sideband, and the very weak broadband. The lineshape of R 1-line at the peak wavelength of 689.8 nm cannot be fitted to a single Gaussian. This suggests that there exist several different Cr3+ sites in the thin film. This fact is confirmed by lifetime measurements; the radiative decay of the fluorescence is decomposed into multiple-exponential curves. The dominant component (2.8 ms) of the decay curve for the broadband emission is equal to those (2.4 ms) for R 1-line and its phonon sidebands. This result is discussed in terms of a tunneling model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324174
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence on enzyme activity of storage of tissue blocks at −70° C (1981)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 72 (1981), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blocks of tissue from various organs of the rat have been chilled by precipitate immersion in n-hexane cooled to −70° C, and then stored at −70° C. At various intervals (up to 14 days) after chilling, cryostat sections were prepared from these blocks and assayed for the activity of a variety of enzymes. Enzyme activity was measured by scanning and integrating microdensitometry. With the exception of acid phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase, all enzymes assayed were stable for at least 7 days after storage at −70° C and most were stable for 14 days. Storage of fresh-frozen sections at −30° C in the cabinet of the cryostat, for up to 24 h, had little effect on enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493274
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermediate electron-acceptors in quantitative cytochemistry (1981)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 72 (1981), S. 617-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of Meldola Blue (MB), a new intermediate electronacceptor, has been compared with that of phenazine methosulphate (PMS) in the assay of oxidoreductase activity in cryostat sections; various tetrazolium salts have been used as the final electron-acceptors. Three enzymes: succinate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were investigated, the activity in sections being quantitated by scanning and integrating microdensitometry. Phenazine methosulphate was superior to Meldola Blue in transferring reducing equivalents from reduced coenzyme to all the tetrazolium salts examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493278
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The assessment of DNA-synthetic activity (1981)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 72 (1981), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described by which a numerical value can be assigned to the amount of DNA-synthesis shown graphically by population-histograms obtained by Feulgen cytophotometry. The index appeared to give a reasonable measure of DNA-synthetic activity in populations having very low, moderate and high mitotic indices and closely followed labelling indices obtained by autoradiography. Thus the advantage of a numerical value is that the DNA-synthetic activities in different populations can be compared for statistical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496783
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastodynamic Response of a Periodic Layer of Spherical Particles Containing Vacancies (2000)
    Springer
    Research in nondestructive evaluation 12 (2000), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2110
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper is concerned with the influence of vacancies on the elastodynamic response of a periodic (square) array of identical spherical elastic inclusions embedded in an unbounded elastic matrix. A response function of the array is defined as H * (ω)\equiv R * (ω)/T * (ω) , where R * (ω) and T * (ω) are, respectively, the reflection and transmission spectra of the lattice. H * (ω) was measured for a ``perfect lattice,'' i.e., one without any vacancies, and was found to be characterized by lattice resonances. H * (ω) was also measured for lattices containing one and three vacancies within the 72 lattice site area insonified by the ultrasonic beam. A counter-intuitive observation is that the presence of even one vacancy significantly reduces the amplitude of the fundamental lattice resonance. Furthermore, in the case of the specimen containing three closely spaced vacancies, the reduction is not three times the reduction due to one vacancy; it is significantly less than that.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001640000011
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