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  • Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (25)
  • Hannover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (1)
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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Gamma-ray spectra of resonance neutron irradiated earth materials (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-289
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Materials and methods. - Materials. - Methods. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A.
    Description / Table of Contents: Clay mineral and soil samples were subjected to neutron activation analysis in order to identify and measure the abundances of trace elements having radionuclides with long half-lives. After exposure of cadmium-shielded samples to neutrons for a period of five days, the gamma radiation associated with the decay of the resulting radionuclides was observed using a high resolution Ge(Li) detector. Trace elements identified without prior chemical separation using the gross gamma-ray spectra included Fe, Zn, Ti, Ni, Co, Cr, Sr, Ba, Ca, La, Eu, Tb, Hf, Ta, Th, and U. It should be possible to determine quantitatively the amount of each of these elements. This is a considerable improvement over the number of elements determined in soils previously by activation analysis without destructive chemical treatments.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 27 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 289
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974517
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    A digital computer simulation of the annual snow and soil thermal regimes at Barrow, Alaska (1975)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-331
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Introduction. - An overview of the model structure and operation. - Operation of subroutines. - TSTART. - FOMO. - REAWEA. - SEARCH. - STEMP. - TUNPIC. - Development history of the simulator. - The simulation of snow fence effects. - Urbanization and meltout. - Conclusion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Mathematical notation. - Appendix B: Computerprogram. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: An annual snow-soil simulator for Arctic tundra was developed using coupled models of surface equilibrium temperature and substrate thermal diffusion. Snow ripening, melt and accumulation are modeled in the simulator which is forced with daily weather data. The simulator predicts that a snow fence array capable of producing drift deeper than 4.2 meters will initiate a permanent snowfield at Barrow, Alaska. Such a man-induced snowfield could serve as a reliable source of fresh water for Barrow and similar villages in the North Slope region of Alaska. Further analysis indicated that albedo reduction due to dust fall, snow removal, etc., is dominant over aerodynamic effects in producing the early spring meltout observed at Barrow Village.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 18 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 331
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1381484
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Series available for loan
    Analysis of the freezeback of water in a cylindrical borehole drilled in an ice sheet (1974)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-323
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - The problem. - Reduction to ordinary differential equations. - General solution. - The first solution. - The second solution. - The third solution. - Determination of h(t). - Numerical computation. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Herewith presented is the rigorous solution of the freezeback of water in a cylindrical borehole drilled in an ice sheet floating on water, based on the assumption that the temperature distribution does not depend on the vertical direction and the temperature of the water in the borehole is the freezing temperature. The solution is found by using the thickness of the newborn ice in place of time. Because of the complexity of the analysis, the solution can be found only for the first few terms of the series solution. Numerical computation of the solution thus found by use of the first few terms of the series solution yields the growth curve of the newborn ice that reaches maximum at a certain time. The solution ceases to be valid before the time of maximum is reached.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 323
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5965637
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  • 4
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    Isua, Greenland : glaciological investigations during 1973 (1974)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-202-318
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Drilling and field observations. - Interpretation. - Implications for the feasibility study. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two holes were drilled through the Greenland ice sheet during 1973 and temperature measurements were made in one hole drilled during 1972. These measurements show that the area of liquid water beneath the ice cap extends to ice depths as shallow as 100 m. The consequences of removing the frozen margin of glacial ice could be serious and more temperature measurements are needed to exactly locate the subglacial water. Petrographic studies of a few ice cores revealed a strongly oriented crystal fabric and an appreciable surface accumulation of superimposed ice.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen, Karten
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 318
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1035634454
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Series available for loan
    Numerical computation of the shock wave diffracted by a circular cylindrical cavity in elastic-plastic media (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-279
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Nomenclature. - Introduction. - Basic equations. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Finite difference approximation. - Equation of motion. - Equation of continuity. - Artificial viscosity. - Equation of state. - Boundary conditions. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: A finite difference method for predicting the effect of shock waves on a circular cylindrical cavity in elastic-plastic media was studied. A two-dimensional Lagrangean code was found quite satisfactory. Attenuation of the shock waves through the cavity and the deformation of the cavity wall were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 279
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5973985
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Depth-time-temperature relationships of ice crystal growth in polar glaciers (1971)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-300
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - Sampling. - Byrd Station. - Plateau Station. - Camp Century. - lnge Lehmann. - Grain-crystal relations. - Analytical techniques. - Thin sections. - Crystal size measurements. - Results and discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Crystal size as a function of depth and age in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: The growth of ice crystals as a function of depth and time in polar firn and glacier ice has been investigated at a number of locations in Antarctica and Greenland. Thin sections of snow and ice were used to measure crystal size variations which showed, in all cases, that crystal size increases essentially linearly with the age of samples. Crystal growth rates are strongly temperature dependent. At Camp Century, Greenland, where the firn temperature is -24°C, crystals grow approximately 23 times faster than at Plateau Station, Antarctica, where the in situ temperature is -57°C. Extrapolation of the existing data indicates that crystal growth rates in polar firn and ice could be expected to vary by about two orders of magnitude over the temperature range -60°C to -15°C. Examination of the changes in the pore-crystal structure relationships to a dpeth of 100 m at Camp Century shows that these changes closely resemble those occuring in the full-scale isothermal sintering of powder compacts.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 300
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974076
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Phase boundary water in frozen soils (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-274
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - The ice/ice interface. - The ice/air interface. - The silicate/water/silicate interface. - The silicate/water/ice interface. - Summary. - Literature cited. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Interfacial regions in frozen soils are of the following types: ice/ice (grain boundary) ice/water/air, silicate/water/silicate (interlamellar) and silicate/water /ice (extralamellar). For the last, the mid-portion of the interfacial region should be regarded as a liquid-like solution of the ionic and undissociated substances sorbed by the interface and expelled from the ice during freezing. The interfacial forces operative in these regions result in distinct differences in the properties and behavior of the interfacial water, compared with water in bulk; but, in spite of strong interfacial forces, the interfacial water exhibits liquid-like mobility in its response to many kinds of driving forces. From the evidence and arguments considered, it is concluded that distinctly different zones of orientational order can be distinguished within the interfacial regions. For an advancing silicate/water/ice interface it is proposed that there is a zone of strong perturbation and disorder immediately proximate to silicate surfaces in which the protons of water molecules are partially delocalized; this makes them more easily dissociated. Two or three molecular diameters removed from the silicate surface the interfacial forces operative there combine to create a zone of enhanced order in the molecular configurations. At some farther distance, depending upon the temperature below freezing, it is suggested that there exists a disordered transition zone proximate to the ice surface as portrayed in Drost-Hansen's model. It is suggested that future investigations will contribute refinements in the model and will uncover still further complexities in the various interfaces mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 274
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5973960
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Model analysis of vehicle trafficability with application to surface effect vehicles on sea ice fields (1972)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-298
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Abstract. - I. Introduction. - II. A statistical theory of trafficability. - Statistical descriptions of trafficability. - Statistical modeling of trafficability. - Trafficability in a variable space with comparison to a fixed space. - III. Statistical description of sea ice. - Homogeneous, isotropic, and normal random function. - Upper bound of probability for finding an obstacle derived from two-point probability density function. - IV. Design criteria of a SEV derived from sea ice surface roughness. - Literature cited. - Appendix: Statistics of a variable space.
    Description / Table of Contents: Efforts were made to derive the design criteria of surface effect vehicles operated on arctic sea ice. Statistical theories were developed to describe trafficability of the vehicles and topography of the sea ice. By the use of actual sea ice surface profiles obtained by an aerial laser profiler, the usefulness of the present statistical method was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 298
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974570
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Series available for loan
    Chemical indicators of Arctic biological and environmental activities (1972)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-301
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Introduction. - 1.The flow of organic nutrients in plants in cold-dominated ecosystems and the influence of man's activities on this flow. - Methodology for extraction and estimation of plant lipids, alcohol and water-soluble carbohydrates, starch and fructans. - Seasonal cycles in lipids and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates in plants at Barrow, Alaska. - Biochemical changes in plants at the heated soil experiment at Barrow. - Literature cited. - II. Contributions of carbon dioxide from frozen soil into the arctic atmosphere. - Introduction. - Laboratory study. - Field study. - Conclusions. - Literature cited. - III. Biochemical estimations of underground plant biomass. - Appendix A. Methodology. - Abstract.
    Description / Table of Contents: Two approaches were used to study the carbon cycling in a cold-dominated ecosystem at Barrow, Alaska. One involved a detailed analysis of the flow of CO2 between the atmosphere, soil and biota and the other concentrated on the internal carbon cycling in plants. A pilot study was also conducted which investigated the possibility of estimating underground plant biomass by biochemical means. Both laboratory and field studies were conducted to analyze the input of CO2 to the arctic atmosphere by frozen tundra soils. Data are presented which indicate that frozen soil is a major source of CO2. It is hypothesized that CO2 trapped in soils during bi-directional freezing in the fall and winter is released during the spring thaw, thus producing a spring rise in CO2 content of the atmosphere. A procedure for the extraction and estimation of organic nutrients (lipids and carbohydrates) was developed and used to follow the seasonal cycle of these nutrients of plants obtained at Barrow, Alaska. No cycling in levels of carbohydrates (alcohol-soluble) was observed in the foliage during the season, however a definite cycling in lipid levels was seen for all the species studied. The species were synchronous. Plant survival and organic nutrient levels were followed during the winter over a heated-soil experiment at Barrow, Alaska. During the winter, the heating of the soil caused ponding which resulted in the elimination of Dupontia fischeri by mid-winter and the eventual death of all plants by spring. The carbohydrate levels indicated a starvation condition was created where a marked decrease in storage polymers (starch and fructans) occurred without a concurrent large increase in the alcohol-soluble carbohydrate levels. An increase in the fresh/dry weight ratios was also observed indicating etiolated, succulent growth in early winter. Four techniques were tried for estimating the below-ground biomass of plants. Two of these were eliminated as unsuitable, however two other methods(ATP and phospholipid-levels) remain to be fully evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 26 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 301
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5973881
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Series available for loan
    Shock effects on frozen materials : exploding wire experiments (1970)
    Hanover, NH : Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-287
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Hugoniot curves were generated from simultaneous measurements of shock and free-surface velocities, obtained from samples of frozen Fairbanks (Fox) silt, using the exploding wire technique. The abrupt change in slope of the Us-Up Hugoniot is indicative of a phase change. The shape of the P-V Hugoniot suggests that the transformation begins immediately but does not go to completion. This means that, although the pressure lies slightly above the Rayleigh line through the mixed phase region, the slope does not increase as rapidly as it would if the material had stayed in the initial phase.
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Preface. - Conversion factors. - Introduction. - Test procedure. - Test results. - Discussion. - Literature cited. - Appendix A: Hugoniot data. - Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 287
    URL: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5974609
    Language: English
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