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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Leakage Rates Through Flexible Membrane Liners (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Leakage rate calculations for both low- permeability soil liners and composite liners using flexible membrane liners (FMLs) overlying low-permeability soil are developed. Latin-Hypercube simulations with uncertainly assigned to the soil liner hydraulic conductivity value and the spatial frequency of FML holes are used to examine the variability in the liner leakage rates. The low-permeability soil hydraulic conductivity is the parameter with the greatest effect on landfill liner leakages rates. Composite liners have a significant impact on reducing leakage rates through the landfill liner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00562.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk-Based Engineering Design for a Landfill Leachate Collection and Liner System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 16 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: A methodology is used to identify the tradeoffs between costs and exposure risk associated with landfill leachate collection and low permeable systems. The results are useful in demonstrating the point at which additional levels of sophistication in design of a leachate/liner system do not produce significant reductions of exposure risk. The case study application to the Durham Regional landfill demonstrates that clay liner hydraulic conductivity is the parameter with the largest influence on the risk of exceedance at the point of compliance. When the underlying clay is more permeable, there is a significant merit associated with use of a QA/QC program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1996.tb00134.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Primary Structure of an Entamoeba histolyticaβ-Hexosaminidase A Subunit (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . An Entamoeba histolytica gene (hex-A1) that encodes subunit A of the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase has been cloned and sequenced. The inferred 59 kDa hex-A1 protein has the same molecular weight and 32% amino acid residue identity with the human and mouse proteins and 28% residue identity with the Dictyostelium protein. Northern blot analysis identified a mRNA of approximately 1.6 kb, which is in agreement with the expected size of a mRNA encoding the 522 amino acid hex-A1 protein. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of at least two β-hexosaminidase A subunit genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05919.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PIK3CA is implicated as an oncogene in ovarian cancer (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 21 (1999), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death among American women, yet little is known about its molecular aetiology. Studies using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have revealed several regions of recurrent, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/5042
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to subgrid infiltration and surface runoff (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A subgrid parameterization of infiltration and surface runoff was evaluated using a land surface model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. Averaged over 5 year simulations, the subgrid parameterization resulted in significantly less infiltration of water into the soil compared to a simulation without subgrid hydrologic processes. As a result, the soils were drier, latent heat flux decreased, and surface air temperature increased. These results are consistent with other studies of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations, which also resulted in drier soils, decreased latent heat flux, and warmer surface temperatures. Several river basins were studied in detail. In the Amazon and Lena basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in better annual runoff compared to observed annual river flow; surface air temperature was unchanged in the Amazon and better, compared to observations, in the Lena. In the Ob, Yenisey, and Amur basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in too much annual runoff; July surface air temperature was unchanged or worse (Amur). Annual runoff for the Mississippi basin was better with the subgrid parameterization, but July surface air temperature was worse. These results suggest the utility of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations vary among river basins depending on the relative importance of Horton and Dunne runoff and the geologic factors affecting runoff generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to subgrid infiltration and surface runoff (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A subgrid parameterization of infiltration and surface runoff was evaluated using a land surface model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. Averaged over 5 year simulations, the subgrid parameterization resulted in significantly less infiltration of water into the soil compared to a simulation without subgrid hydrologic processes. As a result, the soils were drier, latent heat flux decreased, and surface air temperature increased. These results are consistent with other studies of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations, which also resulted in drier soils, decreased latent heat flux, and warmer surface temperatures. Several river basins were studied in detail. In the Amazon and Lena basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in better annual runoff compared to observed annual river flow; surface air temperature was unchanged in the Amazon and better, compared to observations, in the Lena. In the Ob, Yenisey, and Amur basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in too much annual runoff; July surface air temperature was unchanged or worse (Amur). Annual runoff for the Mississippi basin was better with the subgrid parameterization, but July surface air temperature was worse. These results suggest the utility of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations vary among river basins depending on the relative importance of Horton and Dunne runoff and the geologic factors affecting runoff generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219501
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lottery Acquisition versus Information Acquisition: Prices and Preference Reversals (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of risk and uncertainty 18 (1999), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0476
    Keywords: information value ; preference reversals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Suppose you must choose between two pieces of information A and B. In the absence of cost, you would prefer to obtain A rather than B, and in fact would be willing to take more risk to obtain A than B. Nevertheless, you would pay more money for B than for A. Are your preferences consistent with expected utility? The answer is yes; they may very well be. We give an example to illustrate how this may happen, and relate this reversal phenomenon to the well-known discrepancy between buying and selling prices for lotteries. Along the way, we demonstrate that even though selling an information source is strictly analogous to selling a lottery, buying an information source is not strictly analogous to buying a lottery. However, for any collection of lotteries there is a decision problem with corresponding information sources, each source having both buying price and selling price equal to the buying and selling prices of the corresponding lottery. The existence of preference reversals for mode of information acquisition dispels any notion that the relative value of competing information acquisitions should not depend on the nature of the acquisition. Among expected utility maximizers, only those with constant risk attitude avoid these reversals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007834413032
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boreal forest and tundra ecosystems as components of the climate system (1995)
    Springer
    Climatic change 29 (1995), S. 145-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of terrestrial ecosystems on the climate system have received most attention in the tropics, where extensive deforestation and burning has altered atmospheric chemistry and land surface climatology. In this paper we examine the biophysical and biogeochemical effects of boreal forest and tundra ecosystems on atmospheric processes. Boreal forests and tundra have an important role in the global budgets of atmospheric CO2 and CH4. However, these biogeochemical interactions are climatically important only at long temporal scales, when terrestrial vegetation undergoes large geographic redistribution in response to climate change. In contrast, by masking the high albedo of snow and through the partitioning of net radiation into sensible and latent heat, boreal forests have a significant impact on the seasonal and annual climatology of much of the Northern Hemisphere. Experiments with the LSX land surface model and the GENESIS climate model show that the boreal forest decreases land surface albedo in the winter, warms surface air temperatures at all times of the year, and increases latent heat flux and atmospheric moisture at all times of the year compared to simulations in which the boreal forest is replaced with bare ground or tundra. These effects are greatest in arctic and sub-arctic regions, but extend to the tropics. This paper shows that land-atmosphere interactions are especially important in arctic and sub-arctic regions, resulting in a coupled system in which the geographic distribution of vegetation affects climate and vice versa. This coupling is most important over long time periods, when changes in the abundance and distribution of boreal forest and tundra ecosystems in response to climatic change influence climate through their carbon storage, albedo, and hydrologic feedbacks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01094014
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Land Use on the Climate of the United States (1997)
    Springer
    Climatic change 37 (1997), S. 449-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Land use practices have replaced much of the natural needleleaf evergreen, broadleaf deciduous, and mixed forests of the Eastern United States with crops. To a lesser extent, the natural grasslands in the Central United States have also been replaced with crops. Simulations with a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model show that the climate of the United States with modern vegetation is significantly different from that with natural vegetation. Three important climate signals caused by modern vegetation are: (1) 1 °C cooling over the Eastern United States and 1 °C warming over the Western United States in spring; (2) summer cooling of up to 2 °C over a wide region of the Central United States; and (3) moistening of the near-surface atmosphere by 0.5 to 1.5 g kg-1over much of the United States in spring and summer. Although individual months show large, statistically significant differences in precipitation due to land-use practices, these differences average out over the course of the 3-month seasons. These changes in surface temperature and moisture extend well into the atmosphere, up to 500 mb, and affect the boundary layer and atmospheric circulation. The altered climate is due to reduced surface roughness, reduced leaf and stem area index, reduced stomatal resistance, and increased surface albedo with modern vegetation compared to natural vegetation. The climate change caused by land use practices is comparable to other well known anthropogenic climate forcings. For example, it would take 100 to 175 years at the current, observed rate of summer warming over the United States to offset the cooling from deforestation. The summer sulfate aerosol forcing completely offsets the greenhouse forcing over the Eastern United States. Similarly, the climatic effect of North American deforestation, with extensive summer cooling, further offsets the greenhouse forcing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005305708775
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Research Perspective for Information Systems and Example of Emerging Area of Research (1999)
    Springer
    Information systems frontiers 1 (1999), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9419
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010094126762
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