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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall
    Call number: 13847
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 543 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0133171167
    Series Statement: Prentice-Hall International series in civil engineering and engineering mechanics
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 29 (1964), S. 3441-3443 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1702-1710 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The amorphization of Ni-Nb multilayered alloy films by xenon ion irradiation at room temperature and by high-temperature solid-state reaction was studied. The composition range favoring amorphization was carefully determined to be 20–85 at. % Ni by energy-dispersive spectroscopy attached to the transmission electron microscope. A new metastable crystalline phase (MX) of hexagonal structure was formed in Ni75Nb25 and Ni70Nb30 multilayered films. Interestingly, in the Ni75Nb25 multilayered films, with increasing mixing dose an amorphous phase was first formed and then the MX-phase was observed, while in the Ni70Nb30 multilayered films the MX phase was formed at relatively low doses and turned amorphous upon further mixing or 400 °C annealing for 2 h. Besides, annealing of the as-deposited Ni70Nb30 multilayered films at 300 °C for half an hour also resulted in the formation of the MX phase. The thermal stability of the ion-mixed amorphous alloys was also studied by subsequent annealing. To give semiquantitative interpretation to all the above observations, the Gibbs free-energy diagram of the system, in which especially the free-energy curve of the MX phase is added, was constructed on the basis of the model of Nissen et al. [CALPHAD 7, 51 (1981)] and the method proposed by Alonso and Simozar [Solid State Commun. 46, 765 (1983)]. The explanation based on this diagram is in good agreement with our experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 3687-3690 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using the raw experimental data of Schmid and the known values of band-gap narrowing and Fermi energies for different doping concentrations, the band-to-band and free-carrier absorption coefficients in heavily doped Si are calculated. The behavior of boron-doped Si is different from that of arsenic doped Si. Near threshold, our values of the absorption coefficients are significantly different from those derived by Schmid from the same data. The enhancement of band-to-band transitions due to impurity or free-carrier scattering is not as important in heavily doped Si as in heavily doped Ge. Numerically fitted empirical expressions for the absorption coefficients, suitable for computer simulation studies of opto-electronic devices are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For p-polarized laser light obliquely incident on overdense plasmas with steep density gradients, a new collisionless absorption mechanism (sheath-transit absorption) is studied analytically and numerically. Complementary to Brunel's "not-so-resonant'' resonant absorption, and to the conventional resonant absorption, the sheath-transit absorption is most effective for steep density gradients and when the light pressure is less than the plasma pressure. It is also shown that the assumption of instantaneous particle reflection, usually a reasonable assumption for the normal incidence case, is invalid for the p-polarized oblique incident case. A test-particle model which provides a simple physical picture of the sheath-transit absorption is presented. Absorption coefficients obtained from the test-particle model agree reasonably well with those from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The transition from the resonant absorption to the sheath-transit absorption as the density gradient steepens is demonstrated by PIC simulations with a wide range of density gradients. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 3146-3154 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The original sheath inverse bremsstrahlung model [P. J. Catto and R. M. More, Phys. Fluids 20, 704 (1977)] is modified by including the v×B term in the equation of motion, as the evanescent magnetic field in an overdense plasma is greater than the corresponding electric field. It is shown that the present results are significantly different from those derived without the v×B term. The v×B term is also important in interpreting the absorption mechanism. If the v×B term were neglected, the absorption of the light would be incorrectly interpreted as an increase in the transverse components of the canonical momentum, in the case of a normally incident laser light. It is also shown that both the sheath inverse bremsstrahlung and the anomalous skin effect are limiting cases of the same collisionless absorption mechanism. Results from particle-in-cell (PIC) plasma simulations are compared with the absorption coefficient calculated from the linear theory. Finally, the effects of finite density gradients are investigated by PIC simulations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3059-3077 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Analytical and numerical studies of the evolution of the Weibel instability in relativistically hot electron–positron plasmas are presented. Appropriate perturbations on the electromagnetic fields and the particle orbits, corresponding to a single unstable mode, are determined analytically and used as initial conditions in the numerical simulations to excite a single unstable mode. A simple estimate of the saturation amplitude is also obtained analytically. Numerical simulations are carried out when a single unstable mode is favorably excited. Comparisons of the simulation results with the analytical ones show very good agreement. Also observed in the simulations are mode competition, mode suppression, and the difference in the long-term evolution between the magnetized and unmagnetized plasmas. For relativistic unmagnetized plasmas, energy-like global constraints, which are conservation laws in addition to the conservation of energy and momentum, are derived. Numerical simulations of the multimode evolution are described. Simulation results show growth in electromagnetic energy in the early stage, a narrowing in the bandwidth and a shift in the peak of the spectrum to longer wavelength in the subsequent evolution, and a decrease in the temperature anisotropy. In a simulation for an unmagnetized plasma, it is observed that the system reaches a steady state halfway through the simulation. In contrast, the peak of the spectrum continues to shift to lower wave number k, and the temperature anisotropy continues to decrease during the entire simulation for a magnetized plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The energy distributions of ions and electrons in the scrape-off layer of TEXT are measured with a bidirectional retarding field analyzer (RFA). The probe provides simultaneous measurements parallel and antiparallel to the plasma current. Large asymmetries in this direction in the flux and temperature that were found with the RFA appear partly due to differences in the connection lengths Lc. The measurements from the analyzer are compared with the results of a simple edge model to infer the edge particle diffusion coefficient. While the measurements are consistent with the model for longer connection lengths (∼10 m in TEXT-U), the agreement deteriorates for shorter Lc. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4595-4599 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The resonance fluorescence of neutral hydrogen illuminated by Hα radiation has been used as a technique for the spatially and temporally resolved density measurements of neutral hydrogen in high temperature plasmas, such as in the tokamak and magnetic mirror plasma fusion devices. The fluorescence signal, usually very weak and buried in the background of stray laser light and Hα emission, is very difficult to extract and its measurements are inaccurate. This paper discusses the improvement of the signal extraction using two optical path laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) methods. One optical path carries the fluorescence signal and the background (the stray laser light and Hα emission), whereas the other path carries only the background signal. By combining these two signals, a clean fluorescence signal can be isolated by subtracting out the background using a differential amplifier. The measurement is obtained instantaneously from these two signals which are taken simultaneously in one pulse rather than being extracted from two separate spectra taken in two sequential pulses (double pulses). This method, therefore, makes a significant improvement on the double pulse technique in terms of the accuracy of the measurement and the time resolution. Using this LIF technique the measurement of the neutral density profile in the exhaust of a tandem mirror plasma propulsion device is obtained and presented. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 4637-4643 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the purpose of measuring the plasma momentum flux in a plasma system, a highly sensitive and precision balance has been developed. It can measure a force, an impulse, or thrust as low as 0.1 mN free of mechanical noise, electrical and magnetic pickups. The double pendulum system consists of two parallel conducting plates. One or both of the plates can be suspended by needles. The needle suspended plate (or plates) can swing freely with negligible friction because of the sharp points of the needles. When one of the plates is impacted by an impulse it will swing relatively to the fixed plate or other movable plate. The capacitance between the plates changes as a result of such a motion. The change of capacitance as a function of time is recorded as an oscillating voltage signal. The amplitude of such a voltage signal is proportional to the impacting force or impulse. The proportional factor can be calibrated. The forces can thus be read out from the recorded value of the voltage. The equation of motion for the pendulum system has been solved analytically. The circuit equation for the electronic measurement system has been formulated and solved numerically. Using this balance the thrust at the exhaust of a Tandem Mirror plasma thruster has been measured. The analytical solution of the overall characteristics agrees greatly with the measurement. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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