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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties of strontium barium niobate films prepared by the sol-gel method (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1763-1765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 on silicon and fused silica substrates have been prepared by the sol-gel method. The dense, transparent, and crack-free films were fabricated by the dipping and then firing at a temperature of 700 °C. Ferroelectric properties were confirmed by P-E hysteresis loops. The refractive index and optical transmission were measured. The temperature variation of the dielectric constant was obtained. The pyroelectric coefficient at room temperature was found to be 2×10−8 C/cm2 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347226
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional homogeneity of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown III-V compound semiconductor epilayers (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 250-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The compositional homogeneity of epitaxially grown layers of GaInAs, AlInAs, and GaAlInAs on InP substrates has been investigated using pulsed laser atom probe techniques. All the material characterized was shown by transmission electron microscopy to have a fine-scale contrast variation, however only some of the samples were found, using atom probe techniques, to show distinct deviations from compositional uniformity. The average composition measured from each of the layers was that of the lattice-matched composition intended during growth, however the composition varied locally, on a scale of typically 10–20 nm, from the mean composition by up to 5 at. %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some optical properties of infrared transmitting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glasses (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 894-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Glasses based on Bi2O3, CaO, SrO, and CuO were first prepared as precursors to polycrystalline superconducting ceramics based on these oxides. These glasses were found to be transparent in the infrared to 11 μm. The infrared cutoff is approximately 6.5 μm. The refractive indices are surprisingly high being about 2.9.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346754
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectrum of carbon dioxide (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 8430-8439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectrum of carbon dioxide has been measured between 111 000 and 112 000 cm−1 at a resolution of 1.5 cm−1 using a coherent source of XUV radiation based on four-wave mixing in krypton. The spectrum consists of six bands corresponding to transitions from the ground X 1Σ+g(v1,v2,v3=000) state of the neutral to the two spin–orbit components of the (000) vibrational level and the four Renner–Teller states associated with the (010) vibrational level of the ground electronic state (X 2Πg) of the ion. The analysis of the partially resolved rotational structure of the various bands leads to a detailed picture of the photoionization process. The propensity rules for angular momentum transfer during photoionization are strongly dependent on the symmetry (2Πg,3/2, 2Πg,1/2, 2Δu,5/2, 2Δu,3/2, 2Σ+u, and 2Σ−u) of the different ionic states probed and on the Hund's coupling case they follow [case (a) for the Π and Δ states and case (b) for the Σ states]. A comparison of the experimental ZEKE line intensities with theoretical predictions and conventional photoelectron spectra reveals a series of anomalies which are discussed in terms of final state interactions. The ionization potential of CO2 is estimated to be 111 111.0±3 cm−1, somewhat lower than the value of 111 121±2 cm−1 determined from extrapolation of the Rydberg series by Cossart-Magos et al. [Mol. Phys. 61, 1077 (1987)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466212
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noise and the Kelvin method (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 1326-1332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Kelvin probe, used to measure changes in work function (wf), has proved particularly useful as a UHV surface analysis technique, having applications in the study of thin films, adsorption kinetics, surface photovoltage spectroscopy, surface topographies, etc. However the Kelvin circuit is plagued by noise problems, which are considerably enhanced by long connecting wires and the nonideal UHV environment. Careful shielding is essential in order to improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, especially at backing potentials close to the null condition. Although lock-in-amplifier (LIA) based automatic compensation systems are available they operate on low signal levels and are prone to electromagnetic pickup from the driving element and mechanical instabilities of the vibrating capacitor. We discuss the general noise spectrum and describe an alternative "off-null'' approach utilizing a data-acquisition-system (DAS) based measuring system that features an active suspension system (ASS), automatic set-up, and software elimination of driver talkover. This system has applications where very high resolution (〈0.1 meV) is required, or if low S/N ratios caused by reduced probe dimensions or a high noise background would otherwise prejudice the measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142494
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of ions in selected rotational states by delayed pulsed field ionization (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 4213-4214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel method of preparing ions in selected rovibronic states is presented. It is based on pulsed field ionization of long-lived high-n Rydberg states lying just below the different rovibronic energy levels of the ion. The potential of the method is illustrated with the example of hydrogen: A clean population of H2+ ions is prepared in the X 2∑g+ (v+=2, N+=0, 1, 2, 3) states. The method ought to be applicable to the preparation of a wide range of small molecular ions in selected rotational states and opens new possibilities in the study of state-to-state ion–molecule reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New low temperature multiphase ferroelectric films (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6341-6348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article describes the low-temperature synthesis of new multiphase ferroelectrics containing an inorganic ferroelectric phase entrapped in amorphous silica or in an organically modified silicate (ormosil). Sol gel derived LiNbO3 and BaTiO3 crystals were grown in SiO2 and in RSiO1.5 glass where R contains a chromophore (TDP) insensitive to hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The LiNbO3–SiO2 and BaTiO3–SiO2 compositions as well as the TDP–LiNbO3–SiO2 and TDP–BaTiO3–SiO2 ormosils exhibit ferroelectric-like properties. This unusual characteristic is due to the presence of small, partially ordered crystallites of the ferroelectric, dispersed in the amorphous matrix. In addition to their ferroelectric properties, the ormosils also exhibit interesting optical characteristics: the TDP–BaTiO3–SiO2 materials are red, whereas the TDP–LiNbO3–SiO2 are yellow. The materials described in this article are representative of two new classes of weak ferroelectrics. In the first class, a ferroelectric is dispersed in an amorphous matrix. The second class may be called "organically-modified crystals": small ferroelectric crystals embedded in an organically modified matrix. The fabrication of such materials is possible for inorganic crystalline phases forming at temperatures below the decomposition temperature of the organic (about 250 °C). This article also contains some theoretical considerations explaining why these materials, although amorphous by x-ray diffraction, exhibit ferroelectric-like properties. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1364647
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beam characteristics using stable isotopes from a multicusp source for the TRIUMF ISAC facility : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 767-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multicusp source for positive ion beams has been designed and constructed in collaboration with the Ion Beam Technology Department of LBNL for the TRIUMF ISAC project. This type of source has demonstrated a high yield of singly charged ions, a low energy spread, a good emittance, and is compact and simple. Several stages of tests and measurements using nonradioactive beams to characterize the source performance are being carried out both at LBNL and at TRIUMF prior to the final phase of radioactive target-source system tests. Results of these nonradioactive tests and certain problems encountered are reported and discussed in this article. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148538
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cl2/Ar and CH4/H2/Ar dry etching of III–V nitrides (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 3705-3709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) and reactive ion etching (RIE) rates for GaN, AlN, InN, and InGaN were measured using the same reactor and plasma parameters in Cl2/Ar or CH4/H2/Ar plasmas. The etch rates of all four materials were found to be significantly faster for ECR relative to RIE conditions in both chemistries, indicating that a high ion density is an important factor in the etch. The ion density under ECR conditions is ∼3×1011 cm−3 as measured by microwave interferometry, compared to ∼2×109 cm−3 for RIE conditions, and optical emission intensities are at least an order of magnitude higher in the ECR discharges. It appears that the nitride etch rates are largely determined by the initial bond breaking that must precede etch product formation, since the etch products are as volatile as those of conventional III–V materials such as GaAs, but the etch rates are typically a factor of about 5 lower for the nitrides. Cl2/Ar plasmas were found to etch GaN, InN, and InGaN faster than CH4/H2/Ar under ECR conditions, while AlN was etched slightly faster in CH4/H2/Ar plasmas. The surface morphology of InN was found to be the most sensitive to changes in plasma parameters and was a strong function of both rf power and etch chemistry for ECR etching. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363320
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous drawing of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers from a preform (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1679-1681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Several issues related to drawing Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers from a preform are discussed. Continuous drawing of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers was successfully accomplished. Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers are drawn above the crystallization temperature. Minimizing crystallization of the glass preforms is a key for successful drawing of the glass fibers. Two effective means, high glass melting temperature and V2O5 doping, have been used to minimize the crystallization of the preforms, thus assuring the continuous drawing of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105109
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