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The effect of a disrupted yhj Q gene on cellular morphology and cell growth in Escherichia coli (2002)

M., Kim ; S., Park ; S., Cho ; [weitere]

Springer

In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2002; 60(1-2): 134-138. Published 2002 Oct 01. doi: 10.1007/s00253-002-1102-9.

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Publikationsdatum: 2002-10-01

Print ISSN: 0175-7598

Digitale ISSN: 1432-0614

Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung

Publiziert von Springer

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Industrial scale production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (2001)

G., Chen ; G., Zhang ; S., Park ; [weitere]

Springer

In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2001; 57(1-2): 50-55. Published 2001 Oct 01. doi: 10.1007/s002530100755.

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Publikationsdatum: 2001-10-01

Print ISSN: 0175-7598

Digitale ISSN: 1432-0614

Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung

Publiziert von Springer

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Digitale Medien

Destruction of aniline by mediated electrochemical oxidation with Ce(IV) and Co(III) as mediators (2000)

Chung, Y.H. ; Park, S.-M.

Springer

Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 685-691

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ISSN: 1572-8838

Schlagwort(e): aniline ; electrocatalyst ; intermediate species ; kinetic parameters ; mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) ; waste water

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

Notizen: Abstract Mediated electrochemical oxidation has been employed to test the feasibility of treating soluble organic wastes. We report Ce(IV)- and Co(III)-mediated electrochemical oxidation of aniline at various electrodes in acidic media as an example of organic waste. Aniline was oxidized by an electrogenerated electron transfer mediator, Ce4+ or Co3+, in the anolyte and carbon dioxide was produced as a final oxidation product. Carbon dioxide was collected by bubbling through a barium hydroxide solution. When a powerful oxidizing agent, Ce(IV) or Co(III), was used as an electron shuttling mediator, parameters affecting the coulombic efficiency for aniline oxidation were the standard oxidation potentials of the mediators, their concentrations and the reaction temperature. Intermediate species produced during the oxidation of aniline were identified by cyclic voltammetric and absorption spectroscopic measurements.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004020100679

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4

Digitale Medien

High temperature tolerance and heat acclimation of Opuntia bigelovii (1982)

Didden-Zopfy, Brigitte ; Nobel, Park S.

Springer

Oecologia 52 (1982), S. 176-180

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Summary The tolerance of Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. (Cactaceae) to high temperature was investigated by subjecting stems to temperatures ranging from 25°C to 65°C for a 1-h period, after which various properties of chlorenchyma cells were examined. The temperatures at which activities depending on membrane integrity decreased by 50% were 60°C for electrolyte leakage, 52°C for staining by neutral red, and 51°C for plasmolysis for plants maintained at day/night air temperatures of 30°C/20°C. Nocturnal acid accumulation, which depends on stomatal opening and enzymatic reactions as well as membrane properties, was half-inactivated at a lower temperature, 46°C. Visual observation indicated that 50% of the stems subjected to a heat treatment of 52°C became necrotic in 2 weeks. Heat acclimation, which is apparently necessary for survival of O. bigelovii in the field, was investigated by raising the day/night air temperatures from 12°C/2°C to 60°C/50°C in 10°C steps every 2 weeks. The heat tolerance of the cellular properties increased with increasing air temperature; for a 10°C temperature increase, the half-inactivation temperature increased 2.9°C for electrolyte leakage, 3.0°C for staining, 3.8° C for stem survival, and fully 6.1°C for nocturnal acid accumulation. The relative order of these four properties with respect to heat tolerance did not change during the hardening, nocturnal acid accumulation remaining the most heat sensitive. The upper temperature for 50% survival was 59° for O. bigelovii when acclimated to day/night air temperatures of 50°C/40°C.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363833

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Digitale Medien

Interception of photosynthetically active radiation by cacti of different morphology (1980)

Nobel, Park S.

Springer

Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 160-166

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Summary Ribbing, orientation of cladodes, and variations in stem height were examined theoretically and in the field to see whether the morphology of various cacti could be interpreted as adaptations for intercepting photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The total daytime PAR incident on different parts of the stem was related to the nocturnal increase in tissue acidity of these Crassulacean acid metabolism plants. The acidity change was 90% saturated for a total daytime PAR of about 22 mol m-2, which indicates that the vertical stems of cacti are often light-limited in the desert. PAR interception by a cactus with ribs of various depths was simulated. Ribbing led to more surface area but a lower PAR per unit area, so net carbon gain was little influenced. Although the cladodes of Opuntia basilaris Engelm. and Bigel. var. basilaris were randomly oriented, those of another platyopuntia, O. chlorotica Engelm. and Bigel, preferentially faced northsouth. Compared to facing east-west, cladodes facing N-S would receive 52% more PAR at the winter solstice, a time when water is generally available and overheating is not a problem in the Mojave desert habitat of O. chlorotica. The maximum height of Stenocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Gibs. & Horak varied from 0.7 m in northern Baja California (31°52′N) to 4.1 m at 23°47′N. Stem height was positively correlated (r 2=0.93) with the height of the surrounding vegetation and negatively correlated (r 2=0.91) with the PAR 1 m above the ground. The great plasticity in stem height permits S. gummosus to obtain sufficient PAR in the presence of subtropical trees in the southern part of its range and yet expend less biomass to reach unobstructed PAR in the northern part of its range, where the surrounding vegetation is much shorter.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346455

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Digitale Medien

Influences of minimum stem temperatures on ranges of cacti in southwestern United States and central Chile (1980)

Nobel, Park S.

Springer

Oecologia 47 (1980), S. 10-15

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Summary A computer model predicted the minimum stem surface temperature, which generally occurred at the apex, for various species of cacti under a particular set of environmental conditions. Based on stem mass, spines, and apical pubescence for the four Ferocactus species found in the southwestern United States, F. acanthodes had the highest minimum apical temperatures and hence was predicted to range the furthest north, F. wizlizenii next, then F. covillei, and finally F. viridescens, in agreement with field observations. Direct measurement of apical temperatures at night showed that F. viridescens was about 2°C colder than a side-by-side F. acanthodes, in agreement with the model. The simulated apical temperature of Trichocereus chilensis increased about 0.3°C for each 50 cm increase in height up to 2 m; observations at a high elevation site in central Chile showed that the freezing damage progressively halved over this sequence of height intervals. The upper elevational limit of Eriosyce ceratistes and T. chilensis at different latitudes from 29°S to 35°S indicated that the populations were responsive to changes of only 0.1°C. Such temperature sensitivities underscore the importance of morphological differences in establishing the low temperature limits on the ranges of cacti in particular and plants in general.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541769

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7

Digitale Medien

Influence of freezing temperatures on a cactus, Coryphantha vivipara (1981)

Nobel, Park S.

Springer

Oecologia 48 (1981), S. 194-198

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Summary Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britton & Rose var. deserti (Engelm.) W.T. Marshall (Cactaceae) survived snow and tissue temperatures of-12°C in southern Nevada. However, the freezing point depression of the cell sap was only about 0.9°C. When the nocturnal air temperature in the laboratory was reduced from 10°C to-10°C for one night, the optimum temperature for CO2 uptake shifted from 10°C to 6°C and uptake was reduced 70%, but full recovery to the original values occurred in 4 days. Nocturnal temperatures of-15°C killed 2 out of 5 plants and-20°C killed 5 out of 5, as judged by lack of net CO2 uptake at night over a 2-month observation period. when the stems were cooled at 2° C/h, supercooling to about-6°C occurred followed by an exothermic reaction that presumably represented the freezing of extracellular water. When the subzero temperature was lowered further, no other exothermic reaction was observed and the cells became progressively dehydrated. Freezing-induced tissue death was ascribed to this cellular dehydration, which led to about 94% loss of intracellular water at-15°C. when the tissue temperature was lowered, the ability of chlorenchyma cells to plasmolyze and to take up a stain decreased, both being nearly 70% inhibited at-15°C and completely abolished at-20°C. Some cold-bardening occurred, since lowering the air temperature from 30° to-10°C in 10°C increments at weekly intervals caused the subzero temperature for 50% inhibition of staining to decrease from-10°C to-17°C. Extension of the range of C. vivipara to regions with wintertime freezing apparently reflects the tolerance of considerable freeze dehydration by its protoplasts.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347964

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Digitale Medien

Simulation of plant temperature and water loss by the desert succulent, Agave deserti (1983)

Woodhouse, Robert M. ; Williams, John G. ; Nobel, Park S.

Springer

Oecologia 57 (1983), S. 291-297

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ISSN: 1432-1939

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Summary A simulation model has been developed to describe the thermal relations of individuals of an important group of desert succulents, the agaves, similar to previous modeling efforts on cacti. The model utilizes an energy budget approach to evaluate the effect of various morphological and microclimatic parameters on plant temperature and water loss. For an Agave deserti 0.5 m tall with a basal rosette of 60 leaves, the predicted surface temperatures differed by an average of only about 1°C from those measured in the field in the western Sonoran Desert. Stimulations indicated that leaf and stem temperatures as well as plant water loss were especially sensitive to changes in air temperature. Nocturnal stomatal opening reduced leaf surface temperatures by only 1.4°C. Increasing the shortwave absorptance from the measured value of 0.45 to 0.80 caused the maximum leaf surface temperature to increase 8°C. Stimulated increases in plant size markedly reduced the diurnal range of stem tissue temperatures, and simulated decreases in size reduced the diurnal range in leaf surface temperatures. The small stature of A. utahensis would result in higher minimum leaf temperature and may account for its survival at a cold site in Nevada. Water loss per plant varied approximately as the square of the linear dimensions, which may help explain the decreasing height of agave species with increasing aridity from central Mexico northward. Thermal buffering of the meristematic region in the stem apex by the surrounding massive leaves may also be quite important for the growth and distribution of agaves.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377170

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9

Digitale Medien

Spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric effects on intraband relaxation time in a wurtzite GaN/AlGaN quantum well (2000)

Park, S.-H. ; Lee, Y.-T. ; Ahn, D.

Springer

Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 589-592

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ISSN: 1432-0630

Schlagwort(e): PACS: 72.15.Lh; 72.10.Di; 73.50.Bk

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik

Notizen: Abstract. Spontaneous (SP) and piezoelectric (PZ) polarization effects on the intraband relaxation time for a wurtzite (WZ) GaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) are investigated theoretically as functions of the sheet carrier density and well thickness. The self-consistent (SC) model with the SP and PZ polarizations shows that linewidths for carrier–carrier and carrier–phonon scatterings are significantly reduced compared to those for the flat-band (FB) model without SP and PZ polarization. In particular, line-widths for the e–h and h–e scatterings are reduced by about two orders of magnitude at a sheet carrier density as low as 2×1012 cm-2 compared to the case of the FB model. This is attributed to the decrease of the matrix element due to the spatial separation between electron and hole wave functions. In the case of the e–e and h–h scatterings, the reduction of linewidths is mainly attributed to the decrease of the scattering matrix element due to the increase of the inverse screening length. Linewidths for e–h and h–e scatterings gradually increase with the sheet carrier density since the screening field increases, while linewidths for the other scatterings are almost independent of the sheet carrier density. The SC model also shows that linewidths for the carrier–carrier and carrier–phonon scatterings are nearly, constant irrespective of well thickness except for e–h and h–e scatterings. In the case of e–h and h–e scatterings, linewidths greatly decrease with the well width because of the increase of the spatial separation of wave functions.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390000626

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Digitale Medien

Fluctuations of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) (2000)

Lee, G. H. ; Park, S. C. ; Kim, D. C.

Springer

Geo-marine letters 20 (2000), S. 20-26

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ISSN: 1432-1157

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie

Notizen: Abstract Variations in the calcite compensation depth (CCD) in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) since the early middle Miocene were inferred from data on age-depth relationships, sediment carbonate, and benthic foraminifers from ODP sites 794, 795, and 797. The CCD remained relatively shallow during much of the middle Miocene–Pliocene, and deepened sharply at the beginning of the Pleistocene. Since then it has fluctuated rapidly, possibly in relation to the onset of the northern hemisphere glacial cycles in the late Pliocene. The average CCD has deepened since at least the early middle Miocene, coinciding with the long-term drop in eustatic sea level.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670000029

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