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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and Correlated Responses to Four Cycles of Divergent Selection for Heading Date in Barley (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 101 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In order to investigate the direct and correlated responses to selection for heading date in barley, two F2 populations were subjected to four cycles of divergent selection. For each cross, eight populations selected for earliness (from 1E to 4E) and for lateness, (from 1L to 4L) and four unselected populations (1, 2, 3 and 4 SSD) were obtained and than compared together with parental lines. Selection caused a change greater than one day/cycle in Doth directions, and the cumulative responses were -5.4 and -5,9 days in the direction of earliness, 7.7 and 7,1 days in the opposite direction. Such results suggest that in the two base populations the heading, date is under the control of a polygenic system with prevailing additive effects and a slight directional dominance toward earliness.Early populations showed a reduction of ear moisture and an increase of plant height, ear extrusion, kernel weight and harvest index, whereas late populations showed the opposite changes. Grain yield was linearly reduced by selection for lateness, whereas no substantial change was evidenced in the opposite direction, so that 4E significantly out-yielded 4L in both crosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00304.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and hybrids to chlorsulfuron (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twenty inbred maize lines, raised in a growth chamber, were treated with 0 or 1 ng g−1 of chlorsulfuron which caused a variable reduction in root-length. In a second experiment, all crosses (reciprocals included) among two tolerant lines (T: Va85 and Mes44) and two susceptible lines (S: B73 and B79) were raised in a growth chamber together with the parental lines and exposed to 0,0×5 or 1 ng g−1, The interaction of reciprocal effects x rates was not significant for all traits, The T × S hybrids showed an intermediate response between the T × T and S × S responses for root-length and dry weight. Interaction (hybrids vs. parental lines) × rates was not significant for all traits. These results indicate that susceptibility to chlorsulfuron is not controlled by extra-nuclear factors and that additive gene actions prevail. Four crosses (one T × T, two T × S and one S × S) were further investigated at nine rates from 0 to 1 ng g−1. The responses confirmed the intermediate behaviour of T×S hybrids, resulting in a GR20 of 0×07, 0×55 and 0×94 ng g−1 for S × S, T × S and T × T, respectively. In a third experiment, the four crosses previously considered were grown in the field with parental lines and treated at five rates from 0 to 1·12 g a.i. ha−1. Effects on shoot height and dry weight were consistent with root effects found in growth chamber experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1989.tb00911.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mafic inclusions in the silica-rich rocks of the Tolfa-Ceriti-Manziana volcanic district (Tuscan Province, Central Italy): Chemistry and mineralogy (1995)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 54 (1995), S. 261-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine chemische und mineralogische Untersuchung der magmatischen Einschlüsse in den sauren Gesteinen des Tolfa-Ceriti-Manziana Sektors (Toskanische Provinz, Zentralitalien) zeigt, daß sie nach dem Grad der Alkalinitdt unterteilt werden können. Wir unterscheiden TCM latite (TCML) mit einer Alkali-Kalium Affinität; Ceriti Latite (CL) mit einer kalkalkalischen Affinität und Manziana Shoshonite und Latite (MS-ML) mit einer Affinität die zwischen alkalisch und subalkalisch liegt. Die Letztgenannten sind Mischgesteine, die durch die Mischung zweier Magmen mit verschiedenen geochemischen Affinitäten entstanden sind. Diese Magmen, die genetisch nicht mit den Wirtsgesteinen in Beziehung stehen, dürften Schmelzen repräsentieren, die auf teilweise Aufschmelzung eines heterogenen Mantels, der durch eine krustale Quelle metasomatisiert wurde, zurückgehen. Die am meisten alkalischen Magmen (TCML) sind mit dem höchsten Grad der Metasomatose assoziiert, der wiederum, wenn noch stärker entwickelt, zur Entstehung der kalireichen Magmen der römischen Provinz führen könnte.
    Notes: Summary A chemical and mineralogical study of magmatic inclusions in the silica-rich rocks of the Tolfa-Ceriti-Manziana sector (Tuscan Province, Central Italy) shows that they can be grouped according to their degree of alkalinity. We distinguish: TCM latites (TCML) with an alkaline-potassic affinity; Ceriti latites (CL) with calc-alkaline affinity; and Manziana shoshonites and latites (MS-ML) with an affinity intermediate between alkaline and subalkaline. The latter are hybrid rocks originating from the mixing of two magmas with slightly different geochemical affinities. These magmas may represent liquids derived by partial melting of a heterogeneous mantle, metasomatized by a crustal source. The most alkaline magmas (TCML) are associated with the largest degree of metasomatism which, if more pronounced, could lead to the production of the potassic magmas of the Roman Province.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01162865
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic Frequency Change of P1 Gene in a Maize Population After Recurrent Selection for Grain Yield (1998)
    Springer
    Crop science 38 (1998), S. 1391-1394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0653
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zea mays L.). The source population was the F2 of A632 (with red cob) X Mu195 (with white cob). Objectives of this research were to evaluate the change in allelic frequency at the P1 gene (determining cob color), to assess whether this change was due to random drift only, and to detect whether allelic frequencies were correlated with grain yield responses. The source and the four selected populations were crossed to two inbred lines with white cob (recessive trait). The frequency of red cob allele increased with selection following a highly significant linear trend (b = 0.066 cycle-1 ), suggesting the effect of directional selection. Correlation between allelic frequency and grain yield was significant for populations as S2 generation (r = 0.938), and as testcrosses (r = 0.886), and could be ascribed to tight linkage, to pleiotropy, or both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical zoning and crystallization mechanisms in the magma chamber of the Pomici di Base plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) (1999)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 135 (1999), S. 179-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Products of the Pomici di Base plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius consist of pumice and scoria fall deposits overlain by lithic-rich phreatomagmatic deposits. The plinian fall, which represents most of the magma volume involved in the eruption, ranges in composition from trachyte (SiO2 = 62.5 wt%) to latite (SiO2 ≈ 58 wt%) in the lower one-third of the deposit, whereas the upper two-thirds of the total thickness consists of latitic scoriae with fairly uniform composition (SiO2 ≈ 55–56 wt%). All the products have very low content of phenocrysts (from 4 wt% in trachyte pumice to 1 wt% in the latite scoriae), most of which are not in equilibrium with the host rock. Minerals not in equilibrium, both in trachytic and latitic rocks, consist of discrete crystals of sanidine and plagioclase wetted by trachytic glass and felsic aggregates with interstital trachytic glass. Trends of major and trace elements are consistent with crystal-liquid fractionation processes and rule out syn-eruptive mixing processes between latitic and trachytic magmas. We suggest that discrete crystals and crystal aggregates not in equilibrium with the host rock represent fragments of the crystallising boundary layer at the upper walls of the magma chamber, which were wrenched and admixed into the magma during the ascent. This process diversifies the mineral assemblage and increases the crystal content of the rocks. We propose that diffusive crystallization processes operating at the wall of the chamber allowed the formation of a two-fold layered reservoir with a more mafic, homogeneous lower body and a more evolved, compositionally graded upper body. Around one-quarter of crystals adhering to the upper part of the magma chamber were admixed into the magma during the eruption. The absence of significant syn-eruptive mixing processes and the major role played by diffusive crystallization are consistent with a low aspect ratio magma chamber (width/height 〈1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050505
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset of the persistent activity at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 62 (2000), S. 294-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Stromboli Persistent strombolian activity Tephrostratigraphy 14C datings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. Stromboli, known worldwide as the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean", is commonly believed to have been in a state of persistent activity for the past 2000–2500 years. However, historical sources older than 1000 A.D. are not accurate enough to assess if the activity of the volcano was exactly the same as we see at present. In order to attempt to identify the onset of the present eruptive regime, and assess if it has been maintained with the same characteristics through time, stratigraphic and radiometric studies of the recent tephra deposits were undertaken. Up to 4-m-deep stratigraphic trenches, dug at a height of approximately 500 m on the NE flank of the volcano, exposed a conformable tephra pile containing charcoal fragments. One of the most interesting finds was the discovery of a 7-cm-thick weathered bed rich in organic matter (thin palaeosol) approximately 3 m below the surface. The sequence underneath the palaeosol consists of decimetre-thick lapilli fallout beds alternating with ash deposits bearing small charcoals with calibrated ages of between the fourth century B.C. and the first century A.D. The sequence above the palaeosol is charcoal free and consists of coarse-ash deposits with discrete, centimetre-thick lapilli fallout beds composed of crystal-poor golden pumice and subordinate crystal-rich black scoriae similar to scoria/pumice pairs emitted during the more energetic explosions of the present-day activity. The data collected indicate that between the third and seventh centuries A.D., after a period of quiescence, the activity resumed with an eruptive style identical to the present one. We conclude that the "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean" actually began its activity in a period much later than previously thought.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450000098
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolution of latera caldera (central Italy) in the light of subsurface data (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 125-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Subsurface geothermal exploration has considerably added to our knowledge of the Latera volcanic complex. A syenitic body is located about 2 km below the present-day surface; K-Ar data point a 0.9 Ma age. The primary magma was a silica-saturated trachyte; undersaturated, hauyne-bearing products are found near the carbonatic wall-rocks and have been interpreted as reaction products. Subsurface data from deep drilling and geophysical surveys suggest that the Latera caldera resulted from three main successive collapse phases: (i) formation of an old caldera, now buried, related to the eruption of ignimbrites from the syenitic magma chamber; (ii) sinking of the eastern sector as a consequence of the formation of the nearby Bolsena caldera (∼0.3 Ma); (iii) multistage formation of the present Latera caldera (∼0.16 Ma).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960544
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haplo-diploid gene expression and pollen selection for tolerance to acetochlor in maize (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 780-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Acetochlor tolerance ; Gene expression Pollen selection ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objectives of this research were to determine if genes controlling the reaction to the herbicide acetochlor in maize (Zea mays L.) are active during both the haploid and the diploid phases of the life cycle and if pollen selection can be utilized for improving sporophytic resistance. Pollen of eight inbred lines, previously characterized through sporophytic analysis for the level of tolerance to acetochlor, showed a differential reaction to the herbicide forin vitro tube length; moreover, such pollen reactions proved to be significantly correlated (r =0.786*,df=6) with those of the sporophytes producing the pollen. Pollen analysis of two inbred lines (i.e. Mo17, tolerant, and B79, susceptible) and their single cross showed that thein vitro pollen-tube length reaction of the hybrid was intermediate between those of two parents. An experiment on pollen selection was then performed by growing tassels of Mo17xB79 in the presence of the herbicide. Pollen obtained from treated tassels showed a greater tolerance to acetochlor, assessed asin vitro tube length reaction, than pollen obtained from control tassels. Moreover, the backcross [B79 (Mo17xB79)] sporophytic population obtained using pollen from the treated tassels was more tolerant (as indicated by the fresh weight of plants grown in the presence of the herbicide) than was the control backcross population. The two populations did not differ when grown without the herbicide. These findings indicate that genes controlling the reaction to acetochlor in maize have haplodiploid expression; consequently, pollen selection can be applied for improving plant tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253986
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling abscisic acid concentration in leaves of drought-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 744-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Abscisic acid (ABA) ; Drought stress ; Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; Maize (Zea mays L.) ; RFLPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in leaves of drought-stressed plants is a quantitatively inherited trait. In order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling leaf ABA concentration (L-ABA) in maize, leaf samples were collected from 80 F3:4 families of the cross Os420 (high L-ABA)×IABO78 (low L-ABA) tested under drought conditions in field trials conducted over 2 years. In each year, leaf samples were collected at stem elongation and near anthesis. The genetic map obtained with 106 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci covered 1370 cM, which represented approximately 85% of the UMC maize map. Sixteen different QTLs with a LOD〉2.0 were revealed in at least one sampling. Across samplings, only four QTLs significantly influenced L-ABA, accounting for 66% of the phenotypic variation and 76% of the genetic variation among families. At these QTLs, the alleles which increased L-ABA were contributed by Os420. The two most important QTLs were mapped on chromosome 2 near csu133 and csu109a. The effects associated with the QTL near csu133 were more pronounced near anthesis. The support intervals of the four primary QTLs for L-ABA did not overlap the presumed map position of mutants impaired in ABA biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050951
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between responses to gametophytic and sporophytic recurrent selection in maize (Zea mays L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 761-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maize ; Gametophytic selection ; Pollen ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the response at both the gametophytic and sporophytic level of a selection based on the pollen competitive ability and to compare its effects with those obtainable from a conventional sporophytic procedure, three recurrent selection plans were developed in maize starting from the same F2 population. Two gametophytic recurrent selection procedures at high (GSH) and low (GSL) selection intensity were performed by utilizing, to advance the populations, kernels taken from the base (GSH) or apex (GSL) of ears obtained from pair-crosses of randomly chosen plants. The third scheme was a sporophytic full-sib recurrent selection procedure (SS); the only selection criterion was the machine-harvestable grain yield of the families. In a sixyear period of selection, six cycles of both GSH and GSL and three cycles of SS were performed. The source and the selected populations (16 entries) were tested for pollen performance and for sporophytic traits. The selection cycles advanced through GSH showed a progressive increase, as compared to GSL, in pollen tube length measured at 4 h of in vitro culture. The SS cycles response was intermediate at 4 h whereas at 2 h it exceeded both GSH and GSL. A slight decrease in pollen diameter was evidenced in populations advanced with GSL procedure. The SS selection caused a marked increase for grain yield, lateness, leaves per plant and plant height. No response was shown by gametophytic selection for grain yield. The GSH procedure, however, led to an increase in kernel weight and to a decrease in kernel moisture, leaf number and plant height, as compared to GSL. Though gametophytic selection showed limited effects on sporophytic traits, it can be considered an efficient tool to supplement conventional sporophytic selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268324
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