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  • 1
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    A viral RNA structural element alters host recognition of nonself RNA (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Although interferon (IFN) signaling induces genes that limit viral infection, many pathogenic viruses overcome this host response. As an example, 2'-O methylation of the 5' cap of viral RNA subverts mammalian antiviral responses by evading restriction of Ifit1, an IFN-stimulated gene that regulates protein synthesis. However, alphaviruses replicate efficiently in cells expressing Ifit1 even though their genomic RNA has a 5' cap lacking 2'-O methylation. We show that pathogenic alphaviruses use secondary structural motifs within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of their RNA to alter Ifit1 binding and function. Mutations within the 5'-UTR affecting RNA structural elements enabled restriction by or antagonism of Ifit1 in vitro and in vivo. These results identify an evasion mechanism by which viruses use RNA structural motifs to avoid immune restriction.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209899/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209899/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyde, Jennifer L -- Gardner, Christina L -- Kimura, Taishi -- White, James P -- Liu, Gai -- Trobaugh, Derek W -- Huang, Cheng -- Tonelli, Marco -- Paessler, Slobodan -- Takeda, Kiyoshi -- Klimstra, William B -- Amarasinghe, Gaya K -- Diamond, Michael S -- AI049820/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P41GM66326/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR02301/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI083383/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI104972/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI083019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000071/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- UL1TR000071/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):783-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1248465. Epub 2014 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5' Untranslated Regions/immunology ; Alphavirus/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Alphavirus Infections/*immunology/virology ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Caps/*chemistry/*immunology ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/*immunology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Australian prehistory: new aspects of antiquity (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: Human occupation of greater Australia occurred by 50,000 years ago, probably through deliberate voyaging by a small group of people. Later migrations, if any, are unlikely to have significantly changed the original genetic and cultural make-up While early Aborigines may have hunted extinct megafauna, the data do not support a rapid "Pleistocene overkill" hypothesis. Finally, aspects of Australian Aboriginal economy, especially plant utilization, and technology-the small tool tradition, ground stone hatchets and boomerangs-are of considerable antiquity and probably originated locally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, J P -- O'connell, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):21-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17840495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Melanesian prehistory: some recent advances (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Human occupation of New Guinea had begun 50,000 years ago, but islands further east were settled only in Recent times. In part of the New Guinea highlands, wet and dry horticultural systems began by 9000 years ago. Local intensification is evident until the present, but only the most recent major crop (sweet potato, which has been grown in the region for less than 300 years) is documented. On the south coast, exchange systems and economies locally diversify over the last two millennia. In the Melanesian islands, exotic materials were moved 3000 kilometers 3000 years ago, but whether traders or colonists were involved is not yet clear. The prehistory of the area is proving more complex than was believed even a decade ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, J P -- Allen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):728-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17795991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A pacific island (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):836-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17834182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Mid-recent human occupation and resource exploitation in the bismarck archipelago (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-24
    Description: Human settlement of the Bismarck Archipelago occurred by 6000 to 7500 years ago. Early inhabitants of New Ireland drew on widely dispersed stone sources, including obsidian from Talasea (New Britain), whereas those after about 3000 years ago used either stone from more local sources or obsidian from Lou Island (Admiralty Islands group) or Talasea. The dates and resource changes support a gradualist model of Melanesian settlement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, J P -- Downie, J E -- Ambrose, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 24;199(4331):877-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17757585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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