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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 29 (1970), S. 462-473 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Swarming locusts show three physical criteria, i.e. the phase changes of melanisation of the nymphal stages or hoppers, of the proportions of certain body parts (morphometric ratios), and increased genetic recombination (meiotic chiasma frequencies) in the adult. The control of these changes, initiated by aggregation into swarms, i.e. gregarisation, seems to be vested in a pheromone which is produced by all hoppers in both the solitaria and gregaria phases, also by hoppers of the albino strain. Such a pheromone can be extracted from the locust room air and from the locust, these extracts showing high activity in bioassays, primarily in increased chiasma frequencies but also in hopper colour. The extract in risella oil is more efficient than that in petroleum ether and can be distilled to yield an active distillate. The pheromone is secreted in the faeces of hoppers but not of adults. There is evidence in faeces bioassays that all three physical criteria are affected; the pheromone may be called locustone. It is manufactured or secreted in a specific section of the alimentary canal, i.e. the crop. Reception is not through the antennae but through the stigmata. Preliminary chemical analysis of a risella oil air extract distilled into various other solvents showed the presence of a relatively simple saturated aliphatic chain with a carbonyl function, perhaps a ketone or an ester.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 15 (1968), S. 350-371 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La technique d'une part et l'abondance des aliments d'autre part ont causé des modifications dans l'alimentation par les céréales, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la quantité que la qualité. Le développement de la fabrication moderne du pain présente les caractéristiques suivants: préférence du froment, des farines très blanches, des procédés accélérés de fermentation et de cuisson dans la fabrication. En conséquence, on obtient des pains plus riches en calories, mais pauvres en subtances nutritives et aromatiques ayant une croûte mince et molle et une mie légère ne nécessitant pas d'efforts de mastication. En vitaminisant et en révalorisant artificiellement le pain, on ne peut remplacer qu'une partie minime des substances enlevées au blé par la moulure. L'utilisation de plus en plus fréquente de procédés chimiques dans l'agriculture et le stockage des récoltes entraîne l'existence de plus en plus importante de résidus non physiologiques dans le blé. Parmi ces produits et procédés ont été mentionnés: un produit destiné à raccourcir la tige du blé, produit qui influence l'azote des plantes; le pourcentage élevé en plomb découvert dans le blé ayant poussé à proximité des autostrades; le pourcentage plus élevé en „Phenantren“ et „3–4-Benzpyren“, trouvé dans les plantes poussant dans les régions industrielles; la production d'aflatoxine causée par la moisissure des produits emmagasinés; les résidus de produits insecticides connus jusqu'à présent; les modifications néfastes constatées dans le blé traité aux rayons gamma en vue d'une conservation plus facile. Les modifications dues à l'influence de la chaleur de cuisson sont à constater particulièrement dans la croûte du pain; elles frappent avant tout certaines substances sensibles à la chaleur ainsi que des processus de condensation suivantMaillard.
    Abstract: Summary Engineering progress and an abundance of foodstuff are the cause of strong quantitative and qualitative changes observed in our bread. The development of modern bread is marked by a preference given to wheat, by a lower degree of grinding up, by a short time of fermentation and baking, which results in bread of increased caloric content, reduced active agents and content of aroma, in bread with a thin, soft crust and a very porous crumb, thus necessitating a lesser mastication. By means of an artificial enrichment of vitamins, minerals, and separated amino-acids, only a very small part of active agents separated by grinding up can be replaced. Increasing application of chemical processes in agriculture and storage ensued an increased presence of non-physiological residues in corn. Among them are mentioned an agent to shorten the length of stalks that interferes with the nitrogen economy of plants; an increased content of lead in fields near highways; an increased content of phenanthren and 3–4 benzpyren in fields near industrial areas; the possible formation of aflatoxin through getting mouldy during storage; residues of pesticides that have become known up to now; as well as hitherto prove harmful alterations due to ray treatment by gamma rays to corn to achieve a better preservation. Changes brought about by the heat during the baking process are particularly clearly shown in the crust of bread which essentially have regard to damaging heat-sensitive contents and proceedings of condensation according toMaillard.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Technisierung und Überfluß an Nahrungsmitteln sind Ursache von starken quantitativen und qualitativen Veränderungen der Brotnahrung. Die Entwicklung des modernen Brotes ist durch Bevorzugung des Weizens, niedriger Ausmahlung, kurzer Gär- und Backzeiten gekennzeichnet, was zu Broten von erhöhtem Kaloriengehalt, vermindertem Wirkstoff- und Aromagehalt, von Broten mit dünner, weicher Kruste und sehr poröser Krume führt, die geringere Kauarbeit erfordern. Durch künstliche Anreicherung mit Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und Aminosäuren kann nur ein kleiner Teil der bei der Vermahlung abgetrennten Wirkstoffe ersetzt werden. Steigende Anwendung chemischer Verfahren in der Land- und Lagerwirtschaft hat die vermehrte Anwesenheit unphysiologischer Rückstände im Getreide zur Folge. Unter ihnen werden erwähnt ein Halmverkürzungsmittel, das in den Stickstoffhaushalt der Pflanzen eingreift, der in der Nähe von Autobahnen erhöhte Bleigehalt, der in industrienahen Gebieten erhöhte Gehalt an Phenanthren und 3–4-Benzpyren, die mögliche Bildung von Aflatoxin durch Verschimmelung während des Lagerns, die bisher bekanntgewordenen Rückstände von Schädlingsbekämpfungsmitteln sowie die bisher nachgewiesenen nachteiligen Veränderungen einer Bestrahlung des Getreides mit Gamma-Strahlen zwecks bequemerer Konservierung. Unter dem Einfluß der Backhitze sich vollziehende Veränderungen kommen besonders deutlich in der Kruste des Brotes zum Ausdruck, die sich im wesentlichen auf eine Schädigung hitzeempfindlicher Inhaltsstoffe und Kondensationsvorgänge nachMaillard beziehen.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 10 (1973), S. 225-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Policy sciences 4 (1973), S. 297-307 
    ISSN: 1573-0891
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an empirical analysis of individuals in policy formulating and policy implementing roles. Data for the comparison are from interviews with a random sample of 119 New Zealand middle-level public administrators from 27 government departments. The individuals in the policy formulating roles were slightly younger; however, those in the formulating and implementing roles varied little from each other in terms of social background, educational attainment and career patterns. Few differences were evident in regard to job satisfaction, decisional authority, and hierarchical relations. Significant differences between policy formulators and policy implementors were discovered in terms of work load, career aspirations, and awareness of political influences in governmental policymaking. From the evidence of this study, the New Zealand administrative system does not allocate policy formulating roles to individuals different from those who implement policies. Differences between formulators and implementors in the New Zealand system appear to stem from the nature of the work of the two policy roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 7 (1973), S. 453-474 
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 5 (1971), S. 457-466 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Examination of the frequencies of several loci controlling isozymes in three geographically distinct feral populations of mice showed the average animal to be heterozygous at 10.3% of his loci. There was no evidence for interaction between loci, nor any evidence for inbreeding in the populations. Thirty-nine inbred strains, including four newly derived ones, were also characterized for their alleles for as many as 16 polymorphic loci. Among these strains, variability is at least as great as in any single feral population, but probably less than that found among all feral populations of the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 7 (1972), S. 193-204 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Based on somatic cell genetic analysis, autosomal gene linkage is reported for the supernatant enzymes of human isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in human-mouse cell hybrids. The IDH, MDH linkage was not linked to the X and E 17 chromosomes or to 12 additional human enzyme markers.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 8 (1973), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of uricase activity in Drosophila melanogaster, a comparative analysis of the patterns of uricase activity during development was undertaken for the wild type, Ore-R, and the mutants ry 2 and ma-1. Uricase activity in ry 2 and ma-l, unlike that in Ore-R, increased rapidly following emergence of the adult. This study indicates that uricase in Drosophila, in contrast to that in several microorganisms, is not induced by uric acid, since ry 2 and ma-l with no detectable uric acid have higher activity than the wild type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme each possess supernatant and mitochondrial molecular forms which are structurally and genetically independent. We describe electrophoretic variants of the mitochondrial enzymes of malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in mice. Progeny testing from genetic crosses indicated that the genes which code for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were not inherited maternally but as independent unlinked nuclear autosomal genes. The locus for mitochondrial malic enzyme was located on linkage group I. Linkage analysis with a third mitochondrial enzyme marker, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, showed that the nuclear genes which code for the three mitochondrial enzymes were not closely linked to each other. This evidence suggests that clusters of nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial function are unlikely in mice.
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