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  • Articles  (563)
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  • 1
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    The fragmentation threshold of pyroclastic rocks (2006)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-08
    Description: In response to rapid decompression, porous magma may fragment explosively. This occurs when the melt can no longer withstand forces exerted upon it due to the overpressure in included bubbles. This occurs at a critical pressure difference between the bubbles and the surrounding magma. In this study we have investigated this pressure threshold necessary for the fragmentation of magma. Here we present the first comprehensive, high temperature experimental quantification of the fragmentation threshold of volcanic rocks varying widely in porosity, permeability, crystallinity, and chemical composition. We exposed samples to increasing pressure differentials in a high temperature shock tube apparatus until fragmentation was initiated. Experimentally, we define the fragmentation threshold as the minimum pressure differential that leads to complete fragmentation of the pressurized porous rock sample. Our results show that the fragmentation threshold is strongly dependent on porosity; high porosity samples fragment at lower pressure differentials than low porosity samples. The fragmentation threshold is inversely proportional to the porosity. Of the other factors, permeability likely affects the fragmentation threshold at high porosity values, whereas chemical composition, crystallinity and bubble size distribution appear to have minor effects. The relationship for fragmentation threshold presented here can be used to predict the minimum pressure differential necessary for the initiation or cessation of the explosive fragmentation of porous magma.
    Description: Published
    Description: 139-148
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: fragmentation ; threshold ; experimental ; volcanology ; magma ; eruption ; porosity ; decompression ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 411365 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group Theory and Isomerism (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 3 (1964), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50012a029
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge-transfer spectra of bis(diamine)copper(II) complexes and their correlation with other electronic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 6907-6913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00802a006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative absorption of the two enantiomers of terbutaline after duodenal administration (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: terbutaline ; absorption ; enantiomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The absorption of the two enantiomers of terbutaline, (+)-terbutaline and (-)-terbutaline, and of the racemate, (±)-terbutaline, has been studied in six healthy volunteers using a newly developed intestinal perfusion technique. The area under the plasma concentration curve for the (-)-enantiomer was more than twice that for the (+)-enantiomer. The data demonstrate a clear difference in absorption efficiency between (-)- and (+)-terbutaline, but further studies are required to establish whether (-)-terbutaline influences the absorption of (+)-terbutaline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278593
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of Iron Produced by the Corrosion of Steel in Apples (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bioavailability of iron formed by the corrosion of low-carbon steel (99% Fe) in contact with Red Delicious apples was measured in a rat model using a depletion-repletion experiment. The percentage of ingested iron converted to hemoglobin iron (Conversion Efficiency) was 74, 57, and 56%, respectively, for daily doses of 110, 190, and 285 μg of this iron. (Conversion Efficiency for FeSO4 was 46-50%). When compared with FeSO4= 100, the relative biological value of this iron was found to range from 93–153. Ingestion of one Red Delicious apple that has been exposed to eight large iron nails for 24 hr could provide 10–15 mg iron having good bioavailability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb10134.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powder diffraction using imaging plates at the Australian National Beamline Facility at the Photon Factory : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1351-1353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel x-ray diffractometer was installed at the Australian National Beamline Facility at the Photon Factory, Japan, in October 1993. One of the major capabilities of the instrument is high speed high resolution powder diffraction using imaging plate detectors. The diffractometer combines a two circle goniometer and a large cassette in which imaging plates can be loaded covering 320° of 2θ. The diffractometer is enclosed in a large vacuum chamber and can be operated in air, vacuum, or helium. Recently, powder data has been obtained from rutile (TiO2) and NBS Si 640b at wavelengths from 0.62 to 1.9 A(ring) using imaging plates, and has been used to characterize the performance of the instrument. The data has been refined using the Rietveld method and R values of under 2% obtained. The resolution of the system varies from a minimum of about 0.04° to around 0.25° at 2θ angles around 160°, which is the equal of most synchrotron based powder diffractometers, and only slightly worse than that obtained using an analyzer crystal and scintillation detector. Using the imaging plates, 160° of data is simultaneously acquired in an exposure of about 10 min, compared to conventional counter diffractometer scans which routinely exceed 10 hours. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145972
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does chromostatin influence catecholamine release or blood pressure in vivo?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 15 (1994), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Catecholamine ; Chromaffin ; Chromogranin ; Chromostatin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(94)90190-2
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DETERMINATION OF HYPOGLYCIN A IN ACKEE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb07311.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Performance of the Australian Powder Diffractometer at the Photon Factory, Japan (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 513-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Australian scientists have built and installed an X-ray powder diffractometer of an unusual design on the Australian beamline at the Photon Factory synchrotron-radiation facility within the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan. The diffractometer is a Debye–Scherrer camera of 0.573 m radius. The place of the cylindrical film in a conventional camera of this type is taken by image plates. To minimize scattering and absorption by air, the instrument can be evacuated. The instrument is now in operation and has been tested with a specimen of the rutile phase of TiO2. This material has been thoroughly studied previously and it has been demonstrated that time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction, conventional neutron powder diffraction, single-crystal neutron diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction lead to a consistent set of values for the anisotropic thermal parameters and the one positional parameter. The powder specimen of rutile for use at KEK was diluted with gum tragacanth and inserted into a glass capillary of 0.5 mm diameter. The beam from the synchrotron is incident on a silicon (111) channel-cut monochromator. Data were collected to ±165°2θ at wavelengths of 0.62, 1.10, 1.54 and 1.90 Å. The exposure time for each data set was 10 min. The resolution of the instrument agrees with theoretical prediction and is such that the full width at half-maximum of a reflection varies from 0.04° at 20°2θ to 0.2° at 160°2θ for a wavelength of 1.54 Å. The intensity from a 10 min exposure is more than sufficient for Rietveld refinement (Rexp 〈 1%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889894014627
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Studies of Rutile-Type Metal Dioxides (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structures of the four metal dioxides GeO2, SnO2, RuO2 and IrO2 (germanium, tin, ruthenium and iridium dioxides, respectively) have been redetermined by Rietveld refinement from neutron diffraction powder data. The four dioxides all adopt the rutile-type structure, space group P42/mnm (no. 136), with a = 4.4066 (1), 4.7374 (1), 4.4968 (2) and 4.5051 (3), c = 2.8619 (1), 3.1864 (1), 3.1049 (1) and 3.1586 (2) Å, and x = 0.3060 (1), 0.3056 (1), 0.3053 (1) and 0.3077 (3), respectively. These results are compared with those for other metal dioxides that adopt the rutile structure and trends in structural and thermal vibrations for a series of 11 metal dioxides which adopt the rutile-type structure are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768197001468
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