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  • Chemistry  (274)
  • Ionenaustausch
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 1585-1587 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metallodisilanes ; Oxofunctionalization ; Metallodisilandiols ; Silanetriols ; Metallosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of the ferriodisilanes C5R5(OC)2Fe-Si2H5 [R = H (1a), Me (1b)] with dimethyldioxirane leads to selective insertion of oxygen into the α-Si-H bonds to yield the ferriodihydroxydisilanes C5R5(OC)2Fe-Si(OH)2-SiH3[R = H (2a), Me (2b)]. Another access to yield 2a is opened by hydrolysis of the dichloro(ferrio)disilane Cp(OC)2Fe-SiCl2-SiH3 (3a). Treatment of the pentachloro(metallo)disilanes C5H5(OC)2Fe-Si2Cl5 (4a) and C5Me5(OC)2Ru-Si2Cl5 (4b) with water results in regiospecific hydroxylation of the β-silicon atom to generate metallodisilanetriols C5R5(OC)2M-SiCl2-Si(OH)3 [M = Fe, R = H (5a); M = Ru, R = Me (5b)]. Controlled condensation of 5b with Me2Si(H)Cl leads to the novel rutheniosiloxane C5Me5(OC)2Ru-SiCl2-Si(OSiMe2H)3 (6).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 99 (1966), S. 2012-2016 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das aus Pyrrolidon in drei Stufen leicht zugängliche 1.5-Diaza-bicyclo[4.3.0]nonen-(5) (4) eignet sich zur Halogenwasserstoffabspaltung aus geeigneten Halogeniden weit besser als die meisten der bisher üblichen Basen. 4 bewährte sich beispielsweise im Verlaufe einer neuen Vitamin-A-Synthese und bei der Herstellung von Phosphorylenen im Zuge von Wittig-Synthesen.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The glycosylation of the 4-methoxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (5) anion with 1-halo-2-deoxyribose 6 in MeCN/TDA-1 gives N2-deoxynucleoside 9 (29%) together with N1-isomer 7 (48%) and its anomer 8 (6%) [7]. The α-D-anomer 8 is not formed and the yield of the ß-D-anomer 7 increased to 62% when dimethoyethane is used as solvent and [18]crown-6 as catalyst. Employing 1-halo-2,3-dideoxyribose 10 instead of halogenose 6, the 2′,3′ -didexoynucleosides 12 and 14 were formed which desilylated (→ 1b and 2b) and converted into the ddI and ddA derivatives 3b (c7z8Idd), 15b (c7z8Add), and 17 (c7z8A′dd). Contrary to 7-deazapurine nucleotides, the triphosphates of 3b and 15b showed on appreciable activity against HIV-reverse transcriptase.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 435-436 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoromethylthio group ; Carbenium ions ; Diphenylmethane ; Dyes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(trifluoromethylthio)carbenium hexafluoroarsenate (1) reacts with N,N-dimethylaniline and anisole to form the corresponding diphenylmethanes 2, 3 with the SCF3 group at the methine carbon atom. During the reaction of 1 with benzene, compounds such as C6H5C(SCF3)3 and C6H5SCF3 are formed along with benzophenone, a product of hydrolysis of the diphenylmethane compound.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 129 (1996), S. 1131-1142 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Stannyl complexes ; Plumbyl complexes ; Tungsten complexes ; Molybdenum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition-Metal Stannyl Complexes, 10 - Molybdocen and Wolframocen Derivatives with Two Different Main-Group-4 LigandsReactions of Li[Cp2MSnPh3] (M = Mo, W) with CH3I, BuBr, PhCH2Br, PhC(O)Cl or Br(CH2)nBr (n = 4,5) yield Cp2M(R)SnPh3 [R = CH3, Bu, CH2Ph, C(O)Ph, (CH2)nBr], while tBuBr or CH3C(O)Cl give the hydrido complexes Cp2M(H)SnPh3. A silyl stannyl complex is only obtained from Li[Cp2WSnPh3] and Me3SiOSO2CF3, but not with Me3SiCl or from the anionic Mo complex. In contrast, the reactions of chlorostannanes provide the bis(stannyl) complexes Cp2M(SnR′3)SnPh3 or Cp2M(SnR′2Cl)SnPh3. R/Cl exchange at the tin atom is observed when an excess of the chlorostannane is used. Upon reaction of Li[Cp2MSnPh3] with Ph3PbCl only Cp2M(PbPh3)SnPh3 is formed, while a mixture of Cp2M(PbMe3)SnPh3 and Cp2M(PbMe2Cl)SnPh3 is obtained with Me3PbCl due to redistribution reactions. The structures of Cp2W(SnPh3)C(O)Ph, Cp2W(SnPh3)SntBu2Cl and Cp2W(SnPh3)PbMe2Cl were determined by X-ray structure analyses.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Blood-protein adducts are used as dosimeter for modifications of macromolecules in the target organs where the disease develops. The functional groups of cysteine, tyrosine, serine, lysine, tryptophan, histidine and N-terminal amino acids are potential reaction sites for isocyanates. Especially the N-terminal amino acids, valine and aspartic acid of hemoglobin and albumin, respectively, are reactive towards electrophilic xenobiotics. To develop methods for the quantification of such blood-protein adducts, we treated 4-chlorophenyl isocyanate (1) with the tripeptide L-valyl-glycyl-glycine (2a) and with single amino acids yielding N-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]valyl-glycyl-glycine (3a), N-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]valine (3b), N-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]aspartic acid (3c), N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl glutamic acid (3d), N-acetyl-S-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]cysteine (3e), and N-acetyl-O-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]serine (3f), Nα-acetyl-Nε-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]lysine (3g). For several chemicals, it was shown that blood-protein adducts are good dosimeters of exposure and dosimeters for the target dose. The hydrolysis of the N-terminal adducts of isocyanates release hydantoins which can be separated from the rest of the protein and analyzed using GC/MS or HPLC. This was achieved with 3a. The released hydantoin could be analyzed using GC/MS. We propose to analyze the N-terminal adducts of isocyanates with blood protein to distinguish between arenamine and arylisocyanate exposure.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chromium organo compounds ; Chemoselectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkylchromium and Alkylmanganese Reagents, IV.  -  On the Aldehyde and Cheleselective Alkylation of Organic Carbonyl Compounds with Monoalkylchromium(III) ReagentsMonoalkylchromium(III) reagents, prepared in crystalline form or in solution, alkylate aldehydes but normally not ketones. Ketones with a basic group (HO, MeO, Me2N) in α- or β-position are methylated by MeCrCl2(thf)3, allowing the highly selective («cheleselective») methylation of such ketones in the presence of normal ketones.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 689-699 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XXIX.  -  Reactions of Thioketenes with IsocyanatesThe [2 + 2] cycloaddition of thioketenes 1a-f to isocyanates 2a-f yields 4-thioxo-2-azetidinones 3 as main products, which may isomerize to 4-imino-2-thietanones 5. In competing reactions, 2,4-azetidinediones 8, N-sulfonylamides 9, and 3H-1,2,4-dithiazoles 15 are formed. Thioketenes 1 react with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (20b) to give N-unsubstituted 4-thioxo-2-azetidinones 22. Depending on the thioketene 1 and the reaction conditions, compounds 23-26 also result. The constitutions of 15b and 23a were determined by X-ray structural analyses.
    Notes: Die [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition der Thioketene 1a-f an die Isocyanate 2a-f liefert als Hauptprodukt 4-Thioxo-azetidinone 3, die sich zu 4-Imino-2-thietanonen 5 isomerisieren können. In Konkurrenzreaktionen werden 2,4-Azetidindione 8, N-Sulfonylamide 9 und 3H-1,2,4-Dithiazole 15 gebildet. Mit Chlorsulfonylisocyanat (20b) reagieren die Thioketene 1 zu N-unsubstituierten 4-Thioxo-2-azetidinonen 22. Je nach Thioketen 1 und Reaktionsführung resultieren auch die Verbindungen 23-26. Die Konstitution von 15b und 23a wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1705-1710 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,3-Diazabutadienes ; ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,3-Diazabutadienes: Crystal-Structure Analysis, Quantum-Mechanical Calculations, and Spectroscopic InvestigationThe X-ray analysis of derivative 3a (available from the corresponding amidine and aldehyde by titanium tetrachloride assisted condensation) shows, that the substituent at the nitrogen atom N1 prefers the (Z)position. The heterobutadiene chain is strongly twisted [Θ(N2—C7—N1—C8) = 109.7°], indicating only weak conjugative interactions between the two C=N units. The dynamic properties of 1,3-diazabutadiene (4) (N-methyleneformamidine) were simulated by ab initio calculations (3-21G, MP2/6-31G*). The global minimum corresponds to the s-trans isomer 4a with (Z) configuration at N1 = C2; a gauche form (local minimum) 4c is slightly higher in energy. For the (E)-N1=C2 isomers, gauche structure 4d is lowest in energy, the s-trans form 4b is less favourable by 2-3 kcal/mol. The calculated rotational barriers (2-7 kcal/mol) are similar to those of butadiene. Inversion processes also have low barriers: Transition structures with linear, sphybridized nitrogen atoms N3 and orthogonal positions of the N3=C4 unit were found (Erel ≍ 20 kcal/mol). IR1H-, 13C-NMR, and UV data are given and compared with the results of the structural investigations.
    Notes: Die Kristallstrukturbestimmung des durch Kondensation des entsprechenden Amidins unter Aldehyds Titantetrachlorid-Zusatz erhältlichen Derivates 3a zeigt, daß sich der Substituent am Stickstoff-Atom N1 in der (Z)-Position befindet. Das Heterobutadien-Gerüst fällt durch seinen großen Torsionswinkel [Θ(N2—C7—N1—C8) = 109.7°] auf und läßt auf nur schwache konjugative Wechselwirkungen zwischen den beiden C=N-Einheiten schließen. Die dynamischen Eigenschaften von 1,3-Diazabutadien (4) (N-Methylenformamidin) wurden durch ab-initio-Berechnungen (3-21 G, MP2/6-31G*) simuliert. Demnach ist die günstigste Struktur die s-trans-Form 4a mit (Z)-Konfiguration an N1 = C2; daneben existiert ein gauche-Minimum 4c mit geringfügig höherer Energie. Für die (E)-N1=C2-Konfiguration ist die gauche-Form 4d am energieärmsten, die s-trans-Struktur 4b entspricht einem lokalen Minimum (Erel ≍ 2-3 kcal/mol). Die berechneten Rotationsbarrieren (2-7 kcal/mol) sind denen von Butadien vergleichbar. Auch Inversionsprozesse an N3 haben niedrige Barrieren: Es konnten Übergangszustände mit linearem, sphybridisiertem Stickstoff-Atom N3 und orthogonaler Stellung der N3=C4-Einheiten ermittelt werden (Erel ≍ 20 kcal/mol). IR1H-, 13C-NMR- und UV-Daten werden zugeordnet und mit den Strukturergebnissen verglichen.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 597-603 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: (Trifluoromethylthio)carbon ; Carbenium ions ; One-electron oxidation ; Superacidic systems ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses and Reactions of Fluoroorganic Acyclic Thiocarbenium IonsHerrn Prof. Dr. W. Sawodny zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.Arsenic pentafluoride oxidizes (F3CS)4C (1) but not (F3CS)2C = C(SCF3)2 (2) to yield the stable salt (F3CS)3C+AsF-6 (3). It reacts with halide ions to form (F3CS)3CX (3a-c, X = F, Cl, Br). Iodide is oxidized to iodine with formation of (F3CS)3CC(SCF3)3 (4) which reacts with nitrogen dioxide to give (F3CS)3CNO2 (3e). - (F3CS)3C+AsF-6 (3) removes from (F)-SCF3 (5a) a ring-bound fluorine atom to afford (F3CS)3CF and -SCF3]+AsF-6 (5). When (F3CS)3CCl (3b) is treated with AsF5, 3 and [(F3CS)2-CCl]+AsF-6 (6) are formed in a 2:1 molar ratio. The latter reacts with F- or Cl- to give (F3CS)2CClX (6a,b; X = F, Cl). AsF5 is capable of abstracting a fluoride ion from (F3CS)3 - n Cln,CF only if n = 0 or 1. For n = 2 no similar reaction takes place, but with AlCl3 in BCl3 halogen exchange to F3CSCCl3 (7b) is observed. - Alkylation of (F3CS)2C=S (8) with H3CF/AsF5 yields [(F3CS)2CSCH3]+AsF-6 (9), which adds a fluoride ion to give (F3CS)2(H3CS)CF (9a). The molecular structures of (F3CS)2C = C(SCF3)2 (2) and (F3CS)3CC(SCF3)3 (4) have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.
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