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  • Cell Line  (6)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (6)
  • 1
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    A melanocortin 1 receptor allele suggests varying pigmentation among Neanderthals (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) regulates pigmentation in humans and other vertebrates. Variants of MC1R with reduced function are associated with pale skin color and red hair in humans of primarily European origin. We amplified and sequenced a fragment of the MC1R gene (mc1r) from two Neanderthal remains. Both specimens have a mutation that was not found in approximately 3700 modern humans analyzed. Functional analyses show that this variant reduces MC1R activity to a level that alters hair and/or skin pigmentation in humans. The impaired activity of this variant suggests that Neanderthals varied in pigmentation levels, potentially on the scale observed in modern humans. Our data suggest that inactive MC1R variants evolved independently in both modern humans and Neanderthals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- Rompler, Holger -- Caramelli, David -- Staubert, Claudia -- Catalano, Giulio -- Hughes, David -- Rohland, Nadin -- Pilli, Elena -- Longo, Laura -- Condemi, Silvana -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Stoneking, Mark -- Schoneberg, Torsten -- Bertranpetit, Jaume -- Hofreiter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1453-5. Epub 2007 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. clalueza@ub.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; DNA/genetics ; *Fossils ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Extensive diversity of Ig-superfamily proteins in the immune system of insects (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: The extensive somatic diversification of immune receptors is a hallmark of higher vertebrates. However, whether molecular diversity contributes to immune protection in invertebrates is unknown. We present evidence that Drosophila immune-competent cells have the potential to express more than 18,000 isoforms of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-superfamily receptor Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam). Secreted protein isoforms of Dscam were detected in the hemolymph, and hemocyte-specific loss of Dscam impaired the efficiency of phagocytic uptake of bacteria, possibly due to reduced bacterial binding. Importantly, the molecular diversity of Dscam transcripts generated through a mechanism of alternative splicing is highly conserved across major insect orders, suggesting an unsuspected molecular complexity of the innate immune system of insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, Fiona L -- Puttmann-Holgado, Roland -- Thomas, Franziska -- Lamar, David L -- Hughes, Michael -- Kondo, Masahiro -- Rebel, Vivienne I -- Schmucker, Dietmar -- 1RO1-NS46747-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1874-8. Epub 2005 Aug 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Line ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/immunology/metabolism ; Fat Body/metabolism ; Hemocytes/immunology/*metabolism ; Hemolymph/chemistry ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry ; Insects/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phagocytosis ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Immunologic/immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The kinase domain of titin controls muscle gene expression and protein turnover (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: The giant sarcomeric protein titin contains a protein kinase domain (TK) ideally positioned to sense mechanical load. We identified a signaling complex where TK interacts with the zinc-finger protein nbr1 through a mechanically inducible conformation. Nbr1 targets the ubiquitin-associated p62/SQSTM1 to sarcomeres, and p62 in turn interacts with MuRF2, a muscle-specific RING-B-box E3 ligase and ligand of the transactivation domain of the serum response transcription factor (SRF). Nuclear translocation of MuRF2 was induced by mechanical inactivity and caused reduction of nuclear SRF and repression of transcription. A human mutation in the titin protein kinase domain causes hereditary muscle disease by disrupting this pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lange, Stephan -- Xiang, Fengqing -- Yakovenko, Andrey -- Vihola, Anna -- Hackman, Peter -- Rostkova, Elena -- Kristensen, Jakob -- Brandmeier, Birgit -- Franzen, Gereon -- Hedberg, Birgitta -- Gunnarsson, Lars Gunnar -- Hughes, Simon M -- Marchand, Sylvie -- Sejersen, Thomas -- Richard, Isabelle -- Edstrom, Lars -- Ehler, Elisabeth -- Udd, Bjarne -- Gautel, Mathias -- G0200496(63216)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0300213/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PG/03/049/15364/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1599-603. Epub 2005 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Muscle Signalling and Development, Randall Division, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Connectin ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*metabolism ; Muscular Diseases/genetics ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Respiratory Insufficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Sarcomeres/metabolism ; Serum Response Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor GluR3 in Rasmussen's encephalitis (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-29
    Description: Rasmussen's encephalitis is a progressive childhood disease of unknown cause characterized by severe epilepsy, hemiplegia, dementia, and inflammation of the brain. During efforts to raise antibodies to recombinant glutamate receptors (GluRs), behaviors typical of seizures and histopathologic features mimicking Rasmussen's encephalitis were found in two rabbits immunized with GluR3 protein. A correlation was found between the presence of Rasmussen's encephalitis and serum antibodies to GluR3 detected by protein immunoblot analysis and by immunoreactivity to transfected cells expressing GluR3. Repeated plasma exchanges in one seriously ill child transiently reduced serum titers of GluR3 antibodies, decreased seizure frequency, and improved neurologic function. Thus, GluR3 is an autoantigen in Rasmussen's encephalitis, and an autoimmune process may underlie this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, S W -- Andrews, P I -- Gahring, L C -- Whisenand, T -- Cauley, K -- Crain, B -- Hughes, T E -- Heinemann, S F -- McNamara, J O -- NS17771/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28709/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30990R29/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):648-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salt Lake City Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, UT.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8036512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Autoantibodies/blood/*immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Child ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalitis/complications/*immunology/pathology/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma Exchange ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Glutamate/*immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; Seizures/etiology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent regulation of DNA repair by the chromatin remodeling enzyme ALC1 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Posttranslational modifications play key roles in regulating chromatin plasticity. Although various chromatin-remodeling enzymes have been described that respond to specific histone modifications, little is known about the role of poly[adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] in chromatin remodeling. Here, we identify a chromatin-remodeling enzyme, ALC1 (Amplified in Liver Cancer 1, also known as CHD1L), that interacts with poly(ADP-ribose) and catalyzes PARP1-stimulated nucleosome sliding. Our results define ALC1 as a DNA damage-response protein whose role in this process is sustained by its association with known DNA repair factors and its rapid poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent recruitment to DNA damage sites. Furthermore, we show that depletion or overexpression of ALC1 results in sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which poly(ADP-ribose) regulates DNA repair.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443743/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3443743/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ahel, Dragana -- Horejsi, Zuzana -- Wiechens, Nicola -- Polo, Sophie E -- Garcia-Wilson, Elisa -- Ahel, Ivan -- Flynn, Helen -- Skehel, Mark -- West, Stephen C -- Jackson, Stephen P -- Owen-Hughes, Tom -- Boulton, Simon J -- 064414/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 11224/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A3549/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- A5290/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1240-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177321. Epub 2009 Aug 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall, London Research Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Immunoprecipitation ; Kinetics ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Phleomycins/pharmacology ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/*metabolism ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Point mutations in the human vitamin D receptor gene associated with hypocalcemic rickets (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: Hypocalcemic vitamin D-resistant rickets is a human genetic disease resulting from target organ resistance to the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Two families with affected children homozygous for this autosomal recessive disorder were studied for abnormalities in the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its gene. Although the receptor displays normal binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 hormone, VDR from affected family members has a decreased affinity for DNA. Genomic DNA isolated from these families was subjected to oligonucleotide-primed DNA amplification, and each of the nine exons encoding the receptor protein was sequenced for a genetic mutation. In each family, a different single nucleotide mutation was found in the DNA binding domain of the protein; one family near the tip of the first zinc finger (Gly----Asp) and one at the tip of the second zinc finger (Arg----Gly). The mutant residues were created in vitro by oligonucleotide directed point mutagenesis of wild-type VDR complementary DNA and this cDNA was transfected into COS-1 cells. The produced protein is biochemically indistinguishable from the receptor isolated from patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, M R -- Malloy, P J -- Kieback, D G -- Kesterson, R A -- Pike, J W -- Feldman, D -- O'Malley, B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1702-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2849209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcitriol/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Codon ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia/*genetics ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; Receptors, Steroid/*genetics/metabolism ; Rickets/*genetics ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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