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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of collision rates in particle-in-cell, Monte Carlo, and Boltzmann codes (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 1299-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Computational modeling is a key tool for studying collisional plasma discharges, including capacitive, inductive, and dc discharges. This work compares electron-neutral collision rates for a particle-in-cell code, a Monte Carlo code, a convected scheme Boltzmann code, and a spherical harmonic expansion Boltzmann code. In addition, comparisons with swarm experiments are presented where available. The comparison is performed over a range of reduced fields, E/N, appropriate to ac plasma display panels. The background gas is neon, with a simplified set of representative reactions. Ion and space charge effects are neglected. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362929
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High aspect ratio submicron silicon pillars fabricated by photoassisted electrochemical etching and oxidation (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1877-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique for fabricating submicron free-standing silicon pillars has been developed. The silicon pillars have a high packing density, and aspect ratios over 50:1 can easily be achieved. Photoassisted electrochemical etching in hydrofluoric acid is used to etch deep macropores in n-type silicon wafers which have been patterned by standard photolithography. The regular macropores can be used for fabricating photonic band-gap structures. The bulk silicon remaining between the close-packed macropores is oxidized. Free-standing pillars are then formed by subsequently wet etching the silicon dioxide. The pillars are the initial structures for forming quantum wires using further oxidation and etch steps. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114362
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A detailed three-dimensional quantum study of the Li+FH reaction (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 1238-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Accurate quantum reactive scattering calculations in the full three-dimensional physical space have been carried out for the Li+FH reaction at zero total angular momentum using the adiabatically adjusting principal axis of inertia hyperspherical coordinate formalism. The procedures for fitting the potential energy surface, calculating the surface functions, and propagating the solutions in a coupled channel treatment are given and discussed. Features of the resulting reactive probability plots are analyzed, and simple explanations of a number of the quantum resonance and oscillatory features are found. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sperm morphometry in the Atlantic salmon (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study sampled sperm from wild Atlantic salmon to explore relationships between sperm form and function. Detailed measurements of sperm morphometry (head, flagellum and total length) and sperm activity (longevity and % motility) were made from 24 reproductively active males (13 anadromous and 11 mature parr) on two occasions post-stripping. There was significant between-male variance in total sperm length but this variance was not related to body size. Despite this variance in sperm length, no relationships were found between a male's sperm activity (longevity or % motility) and his sperm length. There were also no relationships between sperm head length and flagellar length, and no evidence for a trade-off between sperm length and numbers. It is suggested that the significant between-male variance in sperm morphometry supports diploid control of spermatogenesis: haploid expression of sperm phenotype would be manifested as profound variance within (and not between) each male's spermatozoal characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01836.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Punishment in animal societies (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 373 (1995), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Although positive reciprocity (reciprocal altruism) has been a focus of interest in evolutionary biology, negative reciprocity (retaliatory infliction of fitness reduction) has been largely ignored. In social animals, retaliatory aggression is common, individuals often punish other group members ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373209a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of enhanced geomagnetic activity on hypothermia and mortality in rats (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 39 (1996), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Geomagnetic activity ; Light-dark hypothermia ; Limbic seizures ; Mortality risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis was investigated that variability in the severity of limbic seizure-induced hypothermia in rats was affected by ambient geomagnetic activity. Data were obtained in support of this hypothesis. The depth of the hypothermia was significantly (P 〈 0.001) reduced if the ambient geomagnetic activity exceeded 35 nT to 40 nT. Mortality during the subsequent 5 days was increased when the geomagnetic activity was 〉 20 nT. The magnitude of the effect was comparable to the difference between exposure to light or to darkness during the 20 h after the induction of limbic seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01221392
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent developments in the design and fabrication of visible photonic band gap waveguide devices (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1999), S. 429-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and initial optical testing of dielectric waveguide devices which incorporate photonic crystals with photonic band gaps (PBG) in the visible region of the spectrum. In the design of our devices we use a full three-dimensional plane wave analysis to solve the photonic band structure simultaneously with the dielectric waveguide boundary conditions for a fixed lattice and waveguide geometry. This takes into account the finite thickness of the waveguide core, and the evanescent wave in the dielectric cladding layers. Furthermore, we explain how the effective Bloch mode index can be extracted from the results. This enables us to tackle important problems associated with mode coupling between the input waveguide and guided Bloch modes within the porous PBG region, such as Fresnel reflections at the interface and up-scattering from the holes. Finally, we present the recent fabrication of quasi-periodic photonic crystals and PBG waveguide bends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008970112219
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping loci associated with flour colour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 238-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Wheat ; Flour colour ; QTL mapping ; RFLP ; AFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An RFLP map constructed using 150 single seed descent (SSD) lines from a cross between two hexaploid wheat varieties (‘Schomburgk’בYarralinka’) was used to identify loci controlling flour colour. Flour colour data were obtained from field trials conducted over two seasons at different sites. The estimated heritability of this trait was calculated as 0.67. Two regions identified in the preliminary analysis on chromosomes 3A and 7A, accounted for 13% and 60% of the genetic variation respectively. A detailed analysis of the major locus on 7A was conducted through fine mapping of AFLP markers identified using bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Seven additional markers were identified by the BSA and mapped to the region of the 7A locus. The applicability of these markers to identify wheat lines with enhanced flour colour is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050891
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sperm competition or sperm selection: no evidence for female influence over paternity in yellow dung flies Scatophaga stercoraria (1996)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 38 (1996), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Sperm competition ; Sperm selection ; Scatophaga stercoraria ; Non-random paternity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies of non-random paternity have suggested that sperm selection by females may influence male fertilization success. Here we argue that the problems originally encountered in partitioning variation in non-random mating between male competition and female choice are even more pertinent to interpreting patterns of non-random paternity because of intense sperm competition between males. We describe an experiment with the yellow dung fly, Scatophaga stercoraria, designed to partition variance in the proportion of offspring sired by the second male, P 2, between males and females, and to control for sperm competition. Large males were shown to have a higher P 2 than small males but P 2 was independent of the size of the female’s first mate. This result might suggest an absolute female preference for large males via sperm selection. However, large males have a higher constant rate of sperm transfer and displacement. After controlling for this effect of sperm competition, large males did not achieve higher paternity than small males. We argue that a knowledge of the mechanism of sperm competition is essential so that male effects can be controlled before conclusions are made regarding the influence of sperm selection by females in generating non-random paternity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050233
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actuator placement based on reachable set optimization for expected disturbance (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 90 (1996), S. 279-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Vibration suppression ; actuator placement ; reachable set ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the role of the control objective and the control time in determining fuel-optimal actuator placement for structural control. A general theory is developed that can be easily extended to include alternative performance metrics such as energy and timeoptimal control. The performance metric defines a convex admissible control set which leads to a max-min optimization problem expressing optimal location as a function of initial conditions and control time. A solution procedure based on a nested genetic algorithm is presented and applied to an example problem. Results indicate that the optimal placement varies widely as a function of both control time and disturbance location. An approximate fitness function is presented to alleviate the computational burden associated with finding exact solutions. This function is shown to accurately predict the optimal actuator locations for a 6th-order system, and is further demonstrated on a 12th-order system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189999
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