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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1314-1316 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 15 mA dc H− multicusp source has been developed for injection into a TR30 cyclotron. This source is also used with a 900 kV tandem accelerator to obtain 10 mA protons at 1.8 MeV. The program is an extension of the 5–7 mA dc H− cusp source developed at TRIUMF during 1989–1990. Major efforts include the search for the optimal filament materials, shape, and location; comparison of cusp line confinement and magnetic filtering of electrons at the extraction region; optimization of extraction lense configuration; and upgrading of vacuum and power systems capability. The source is noncesiated and the maximum arc power available is only 5 kW. After the H− beams pass through an electron suppression grid and a 20 mm collimator, we obtained 15 mA with 0.66 π mm mrad 4 rms normalized emittance. At this output the e/H ratio was about 4. The best normalized emittance occurs around 5–7 mA, having a value of 0.37 π mm mrad. Further development in the near future is planned using cesium and multiple apertures in the hope of increasing dc H− currents to 30 mA while holding the normalized emittance below 0.75 π mm mrad. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An ECR ion source is converted to produce a beryllium fluoride beam, which will be stripped to 7Be+2 beam and used in 7Be(p,γ)8B experiments at ISAC. The source consists of an injection chemical chamber and a plasma chamber. Chemically purified (99.9%) BeO is placed in the chemical chamber which can be heated up to 1000 °C. A CF4 leak connected to that chamber serves as the source of CF4 for the reaction to produce BeF2. The BeF2 is then injected into the hot electron layer region of the plasma chamber to enhance the ionization efficiency. A detailed source description, beam parameters and ionization efficiency measurements are presented in this paper. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An off-line microwave ion source (TE111 mode resonator at 2.45 GHz) is being developed to produce stable ion beams for ISAC commissioning as well as to produce intermediate and long half-life radioactive ion beams for initial experiments. Two different sources have been constructed and tested. In the standard source configuration the microwave power is injected and the beam is extracted on axis. In the second source microwave power is injected radially. In this case, the beam is extracted radially. Each of the sources is capable of handling gaseous, metallic and volatile compounds. A three electrode extraction system and a mass spectrometer with a resolution of 1600 are used to analyze the beams. The performance of the two sources is compared. In a number of parameters, efficiency, power requirements, tuning simplicity and lifetime, the radial source out performs the axial source. The test results with both sources are present. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1194-1196 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 45° parallel-plate energy spread analyzer has been designed and built for the ISAC project at TRIUMF. It features an energy resolution of ≤0.04% and a spectrometer constant of k=1.29. Nineteen 0.1 mm by 10 mm metal guard frames with 1 MΩ resistors are used to equalize the electric field in the analyzer to an order of ≤0.5%. Electric field simulation is done by a code POISSON. This article describes the design of the analyzer. Preliminary experimental results are also presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A multicusp source for positive ion beams has been designed and constructed in collaboration with the Ion Beam Technology Department of LBNL for the TRIUMF ISAC project. This type of source has demonstrated a high yield of singly charged ions, a low energy spread, a good emittance, and is compact and simple. Several stages of tests and measurements using nonradioactive beams to characterize the source performance are being carried out both at LBNL and at TRIUMF prior to the final phase of radioactive target-source system tests. Results of these nonradioactive tests and certain problems encountered are reported and discussed in this article. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1061-1063 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A microwave-driven ion source being developed at TRIUMF is designed to produce stable, reliable, and gas-efficient negative and positive ion beams for cyclotrons and other accelerators. The source has been tested for H− and achieved 2.1 mA at 0.25 π mm mrad normalized emittance for 500 W of input power at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The source was operated over one month without interruption for a H− beam stability test and demonstrated 2.5% stability over the period. For positive beam extraction H+, He+, N+, and Ar+ species have been studied. A 2 mA N+ beam was obtained at 0.3 π mm mrad normalized emittance for 1 kW of input power. A beam density as high as 7 mA/cm2 with 45% gas efficiency has been achieved for the Ar+ beam. In this paper the source parameters and characteristics are discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1275-1276 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An on-line emittance–mass scanner (EMS), with a size of 10 cm×10 cm×8 cm, has been developed for use with low energy and light ion beams (A〈40) at TRIUMF. Computerized data acquisition and procession give the rms emittances, intensities, and contour plots of each beam component. The angular resolution of the scanner is ±1.0 mrad, the maximum divergence of each component that the scanner can take is 140 mrad. Some experimental results of the measurement are given. The comparison between the contour shapes and the values of the emittance measured by both the emittance scanner and EMS is in good agreement. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1189-1191 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Several H−/D− dc sources employing multicusp confinement and magnetic filtering to enhance H−/D− production have been designed, built, and tested. Source performance in terms of beam output, emittance merit as functions of arc current, confinement magnetic strength, plasma volume, beam exit diameter, and extraction lens configuration have been studied in detail. At present, up to 9 mA H− and 3 mA D− beams with a normalized emittance of 0.44 mm mrad for H− beam have been extracted. A number of sources are tailored to fit the requirements of individual projects. In this article, a general description of source structure, power and biasing algorithms, and extraction geometries of these cusp sources will be given.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 986-988 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: While a 20 mA dc H− source system at 25–30 keV beam energy has been developed at TRIUMF several years ago, another recent demand on the system is to provide a 4 to 5 mA H− at the 4–6 keV energy range. We found that at this low energy range, the existing source/extraction system can only give ∼1 mA with poor emittance due to strong space-charge effect. Fortunately, a very special source/extraction mechanism together with the use of neutralization was discovered and developed to overcome this difficulty. Up to 4 mA with a normalized rms emittance of 0.15 π mm mr has been achieved at 6 keV. This performance finds its usefulness for injection systems where lower beam energy and higher beam intensity are required. A copy of the TRIUMF system was constructed and successfully tested in the summer of 2000 for the "H− Acceleration Project" for the K130 cyclotron at Jyväskylä University, Finland. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3399-3401 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The successful growth of ultrathin CoGa on GaAs by MBE is demonstrated. The crystalline quality of the films is verified by in situ RHEED, RBS, and x-ray rocking curve. Transport studies are performed in the temperature range of 4 to 300 K for layer thickness from 10 to 730 A(ring), and all the films are found to be electrically continuous. The Markowitz's model [Phys. Rev. B 15, 3617 (1977)] of the electrical resistivity is applied to analyze the measured data. Finally, the specularly scattering probability of these thin films is studied using Fuchs' theory [Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 34, 100 (1938)].
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