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  • 11
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The biosynthetic pathway of the clinically important antibiotic fosfomycin uses enzymes that catalyse reactions without precedent in biology. Among these is hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase, which represents a new subfamily of non-haem mononuclear iron enzymes. Here we present six X-ray ...
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 3446-3448 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dielectric properties (1–50 kHz) of polycrystalline C60 have been carefully studied from 70 to 300 K. Below 170 K, the ac conductance σ(T) is proportional to the temperature, which is thought to be due to the phonon-assisted jump of electrons between localized states around the Fermi level. A significant change of the slope of the capacitance versus temperature curve occurs at 85 K, which can be attributed to the glass transition. It is confirmed that electric dipoles may be induced by orientational defects in C60 crystal. The capacitance drop around 256 K is found to originate from the disappearance of the orientational defects above the order–disorder phase-transition temperature. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1320-1323 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the effect of ion-irradiation on porous Si formation, microstructure, and optical properties. Porous Si was first self-implanted and then fabricated by anodization. With increasing implantation dose, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity decreased, and the PL spectra were also red shifted. Porous Si formed from crystal Si emitted light, while that from preamorphized Si did not. Porous Si luminescent patterns with a resolution of 2 μm features were formed by selective ion implantation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1953-1957 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra of LiNbO3 crystals with different proton-exchange time were examined. E(TO) and A1(TO) modes appear in the A1- and E-symmetry spectra, respectively, and their intensities show a dependence on exchange time. We attribute these results to both the internal strains resulting from order-disorder distribution of protons in the sample and the enhanced photorefractive effect. In addition, in the E-symmetry spectra the softening of A1(TO) mode at 630 cm−1 was found about 4%. The phenomenon arises from the existence of ferroelectric and paraelectric phases in the protonated sample at room temperature. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1453-1457 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The internal friction (IF) and the Young's modulus of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) ceramics were measured by using the reed vibration method in the temperature range from 100 to 600 K with kilo-hertz frequencies. A high IF peak associated with a modulus defect appeared around 500 K, which was assumed to be due to the migration of oxygen vacancies with the activation energy U of about 0.95 eV. The mechanism of the IF peak was discussed in detail. At 570 K, an IF peak due to the viscous motion of domain walls near the Curie temperature was found. Below room temperature, a low IF peak with a modulus defect was found with peak temperature of 200–250 K, which varied for tens of degrees in different samples. This peak was due to the depinning process of 90° domain walls from oxygen vacancies. These results can be helpful in explaining the excellent fatigue resistance property of SBT thin films at room temperature. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3160-3164 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polycrystalline ferroelectric SrBi4Ti4O15 thin films were prepared on Pt-coated silicon substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Structures of the films were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy. At an applied field of 275 kV/cm, the films showed good hysteresis loops with remnant polarization (Pr), saturated polarization (Ps) and coercive field (Ec) of 3.11 μC/cm2, 7.81 μC/cm2 and 68 kV/cm, respectively. At 120 kV/cm switching pulse field, fatigue tests were carried out systematically by varying the switching pulsewidth with a fixed duty cycle and with a fixed switching period, respectively. A gradual increase followed by an abrupt increase of the fatigue rate was observed with the increase of the switching pulsewidth. Field-induced defect diffusion was used to explain the results. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2794-2796 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The internal friction (IF) of SrBi2Ta2O9 ceramics was measured by using the reed vibration method in the temperature range from 100 to 600 K with frequency in kilohertz. A high IF peak appeared around 500 K, which was interpreted in terms of the migration of oxygen vacancies. Another low IF peak was found with a peak temperature of 200–250 K, which varied for tens of degrees in different samples. This peak was assumed to be due to the depinning process of domain walls from oxygen vacancies. These results are helpful in the understanding of the excellent fatigue resistance property of SBT at room temperature. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 476-477 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The internal friction of the polycrystalline C60 films was measured in the temperature range of 320–620 K. Around 426 K, a λ-shaped internal friction peak was detected. The peak was interpreted in terms of another phase transition above the order-disorder phase transition temperature. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 592-594 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electric poling method has been used to prepare microstructured LiTaO3 crystals with periodically inverted-ferroelectric domains. By using these crystals as acoustic superlattices, both an "in-line" scheme and a "cross-field" scheme for acoustic excitation have been realized. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. It is expected that these results may be applied to a bulk-acoustic device operating at a frequency high above 450 MHz. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3503-3505 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single-crystalline and single-domain PbTiO3 films with thickness of 3000 A(ring) have been prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), using metalorganic precursors of tetra-ethyl-lead and iso-propoxide titanium. The nature of single-crystalline epitaxy and single domain of as-grown films was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron radiation (SR), and Rutherford backscattering (RBS). Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the evidence of layer-by-layer growth was observed. The growth steps on the surface may be attributable to the formation of single-crystalline and single-domain PbTiO3 film with 3000-A(ring) thickness. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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