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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and ferromagnetic properties of composites of a water-soluble polyaniline copolymer containing iron oxide (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2749-2755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyaniline ; γ-Fe2O3 ; ferromagnetic properties ; nanometer materials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Composites of water-soluble conducting polyaniline copolymers, poly(aniline-co-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) (PAOABSA), containing γ-Fe2O3magnetic particles with nanometer size, were synthesized by a chemical method. The ferromagnetic properties of the resulting PAOABSA composites were measured as a function of the pH value of the reaction solution, the sulfonated degree of the copolymer, and the concentration of FeCl2. The structure of the composites was characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, XPS, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that increasing the pH value of the reaction solution and the concentration of FeCl2 is favorable for an enhancement of the saturated magnetization. As high as 33.2 emu/g of saturated magnetization for the PAOABSA composites was observed. No hysteresis loop (i.e. Hc = 0) was observed, which is independent of the preparation conditions. Structure characterizations show that iron oxide existing in the composite is mainly γ- Fe2O3, which is responsible for the ferromagnetic properties of the PAOABSA composites, whereas γ- Fe2O3 magnetic particles nanometer in size (∼85 nm) may be attributed to a lower coercive force (i.e. Hc = 0) of the composites. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2749-2755, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of enhancement of conductivity for pyrolyzed polypyrrolone film at high temperature (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1567-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: pyrolysis ; polypyrrolone film ; electrical conductivity ; carbonization ; graphitization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of the pyrolytic temperature on the structure of the pyrolyzed polypyrrolone (PMDA-DAB) films were investigated. The structure of pyrolyzed PMDA-DAB film was characterized by elemental analysis, XPS spectra, x-ray diffraction, and SEM images. It suggests that the pyrolysis process of PMDA-DAB films consists of carbonization and graphitization processes, and the transitional temperature is at ca. 800°C. During carbonization process (Tp 〈 800°C), most oxygen is removed and the enhancement of conductivity with the pyrolytic temperature may be due to an extended conjugation of π-electron orbitals resulting in an increase of the number of charge carriers. During graphitization (Tp 〉 800°C), both oxygen and hydrogen are removed completely, and an increase in the mobility of charge carriers may increase conductivity with pyrolytic temperature. A graphite-like structure with heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen atoms is proposed for the PMDA-DAB film pyrolyzed at 1200°C. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A composite of polyaniline with both conducting and ferromagnetic functions (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2129-2136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyaniline ; composite ; conducting property ; ferromagnetic property ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A composite of polyaniline (PANI) with both conducting and ferromagnetic functions was synthesized by a chemical method proposed by the authors. For the electrical properties, its room-temperature conductivity was measured to be about 10-1 S/cm when doped with 1.0M HCl, and it is independent of the preparation conditions, such as reaction temperature and concentration of FeSO4 solution. Temperature dependence of the conductivity of the composites at temperature between 77 and 450 K is controlled by thermal activation and dedoping processes, which result in the decrease of conductivity with increase of temperature as T 〉 320 K. For their magnetic properties, unusual ferromagnetic properties with high saturated magnetization (M2) and lower coercive force (Hc = 0) were observed. An effect of the preparation conditions on the ferromagnetic properties of composites was observed. The higher the reaction temperature and the concentration of FeSO4 solution, the higher the saturated magnetization was observed. No hysteresis feature (i.e. Hc = 0) for any PANI composites synthesized in this paper was observed, and this is independent of the preparation conditions. This may be attributed to the nanometer size of the magnetic particles existing in composites. Thus, it suggests that the doping of PANI leads to electrical properties of composites, whereas the nanocrystalline magnetic particles (Fe3O4) are responsible for the observed ferromagnetic properties of PANI composites. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2129-2136, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth mechanism of transparent and conducting composite films of polyaniline (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1639-1645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Composites of polyaniline (PANI) with various polymeric matrices as substrates were synthesized by means of diffusion-oxidation of aniline swollen polymeric matrices with FeCl3 as oxidizer. The conductivity at room temperature, transmittance at 400-800 nm, stability in air, and morphology of PANI composite films depend on the polymerization time, concentration of FeCl3, and substrate used. A maximum conductivity at room temperature and the highest transmittance at 500-800 nm can be achieved of 10-1 S/cm and 70-80%, respectively. The growth mechanism of PANI composite films has been discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490916
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of proton doping in polyaniline (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The protonation processes of polyaniline (PANI) were examined by means of both UV-visible and fluorescence spectra and in situ UV-visible and in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra in order to understand he mechanism of proton doping in PANI. Results obtained from UV-visible and fluorescence spectra of PANI films indicate that the protonation processes take place on the imine segment of the polyemerldine chain consistent with MacDiarmid's suggestions. It is noted that the protonation processes consist of chemical and diffusion processes. The doping processes at the initial stage are controlled by a chemical reaction, whereas the doping processes at the middle period are dominated by a diffusion process. In situ ESR spectra of PANI films have demonstrated that a polaron is formed after protonation processes, but a splitting process of bipolaron into polaron at the measured time region was not observed. For partial protonated PANI, moreover, the fact that variation of absorption value of the peak at 630 nm with doping time supported suggestions in which a parameter of the protonation state for the molecular structure of doped PANI should be considered. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550304
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and electrical and magnetic properties of polyimide films pyrolyzed at high temperature (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 793-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Insulator-to-metal transition of polyimide films can be performed by pyrolysis at high temperature as proposed by the authors. The maximum conductivity of the polyimide pyrolyzed at 950°C for 0.5 h in a nitrogen atmosphere was measured to be 248 S/cm. The structure, electrical, and magnetic properties of the pyrolyzed polyimide depend on the pyrolytic conditions, such as pyrolytic temperature and time. The pyrolysis process consists of carbonization and graphitization processes, and a distinguishable pyrolytic temperature between them was estimated to be about 700°C. In the carbonization process, an increase in conductivity with the pyrolytic temperature may be due to the formation of localized charge carriers. In the graphitization process, on the other hand, it is suggested that the delocalization of charge carriers is responsible for the high conductivity observed from pyrolytic temperature higher than 700°C. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical and magnetic properties of conjugated schiff base polymers (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 941-950 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two new conjugated poly-Schiff bases (PPpP and PPmP) were synthesized by polycon-densation of p-phenylene diamine or m-phenylene diamine with 2,6-pyridine dicarboxal-dehyde. PPpP and PPmP can from charge transfer complexes with iodine. Maximum conductivity of PPpP-iodine complex at room temperature is 10-6 S/cm, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of PPmP-iodine complex. Electronic spin resonance measurements discovered that there are stable radicals in both charge transfer complexes; and g value, line width, and spin concentration depend on doping degree. Magnetic susceptibility of charge transfer complexes of PPmP-iodine is composed of Curie magnetic susceptibility (χc) and Pauli magnetic susceptibility (χp). Its Curie constant (C), Curie spin concentration (Nc), and density of state at the Fermi level also depend on doping degree. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and electrical properties of the oriented polyaniline films (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structure of oriented polyaniline (PANI) films were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and X-ray diffraction, and their electrical properties were measured as a function of the protonation state, elongation ratio, temperature, and applied pressure. A maximum conductivity at room temperature for oriented PANI films can be achieved up to 500 s/cm with conductivity anisotropy as high as 20 : 1. The temperature dependence of conductivity for both unoriented and oriented films at 77-300 K and applied pressure of 0-11.4 kbar is consistent with the 3-D variable-range hopping model; however, the hopping barrier of oriented films is one order magnitude lower than that of unoriented films. The mechanism of enhanced conductivity for oriented PANI films is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530201
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyaniline/polypropylene film composites with high electric conductivity and good mechanical properties (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 831-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyaniline/polypropylene composites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline in biaxially stretched polypropylene microporous films with ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. A continuous permeation/diffusion polymerization process was used in order to incorporate more polyaniline in the composite. The influence of reaction time and temperature and the concentration of monomer and oxidant aqueous solutions on the electric conductivity of the composites was investigated. The composites may exhibit a loose particulate surface morphology and a compact surface with a ring-shaped structure. The content and distribution of polyaniline in the composite and, hence, its electric conductivity and surface properties can be controlled over a wide range. Composites with the combination of high electric conductivity and good mechanical properties can be obtained under proper conditions. The composite films were flexible and strong enough and have electric conductivity as high as 5-6 S/cm. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560708
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  • 20
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    Electrical conductivity of a single conducting polyaniline nanotube (2003)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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