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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear optical properties of solution of the substituted polyaniline (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1263-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nonlinear optical properties of solution of substituted polyaniline (PANI), such as polytoluidine (POT), Br-POT, and Br-PANI, were measured by the degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) method as a function of the concentration of solution and the protonation state. The observed nonlinear optical properties are intrinsic and might be related to the resonance effect and the photoexcitation of the molecule on the quinoid ring of the polyemeraldine chain. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470714
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on electrochemically prepared oxidized polypyrrole salt films (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 1101-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It was found that oxidized polypyrrole (PPy) film, electrochemically polymerized from aqueous H2SO4 solutions, shows correct stoichiometry in the mole ratio C : H : N, although still containing a large amount of oxygen. The apparent density of the film obtained was close to its flotation density of 1,514 g/cm3. Morphology studies by SEM showed an aggregation of ca. 1 μm properties into hollow bowls of 30 μm diameter in the case of PPy-BF4, PPy-PF6 and PPy-CIO4 films, electrochemically prepared from CH3CN (1% H2O) solutions, while a PPy-HSO4 film from aqueous solution gave a much smoother film surface and no hollow bowls. Interesting morphology was observed for the growth of electrochemically oxidized PPy in CH3CN solution on a wire net anode of 27 × 27 μm2 holes. The nucleation of the oxidized PPy growth was found to be always initiated at the mid-points of the four sides of the square holes so that regular arrays of hollow bowls resulted. In aqueous H2SO4 solution the oxidized PPy grew on the surface of the net wires. Besides particles of ca. 0,3 μm diameter numerous solid blocks of 5 μm size with sharp edges were observed. The metallic temperature dependence of the conductivity of various oxidized PPy films was demonstrated by voltage shorted compaction (VSC) measurements, while a partially electrochemically reduced PPy-BF4 film showed a broad maximum in VSC conductivity around 100 K.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1985.021860520
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble conductive polypyrrole synthesized by in situ doping with β-naphthalene sulphonic acid (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3689-3695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: soluble polypyrrole ; in situ doping synthesis ; β-naphthalene sulphonic acid ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soluble polypyrrole (PPy) with high conductivity (27 S/cm) has been prepared by chemical polymerization of pyrrol monomer in the presence of β-naphthalene sulphonic acid (NSA) as a dopant. The solubility of the resulting conducting polymer of PPy-NSA in m-cresol increases with increasing the concentration of NSA in the polymerization media, and the highest solubility of PPy-NSA in m-cresol is about 1.2 g/100 mL. The room-temperature conductivity of PPy-NSA significantly increases with the concentration of NSA when the concentration of NSA is less than 0.1 mol/L, while it slightly decreases with increasing the concentration of NSA after the concentration of NSA is higher than 0.1 mol/L. UV-VIS spectra and ESR measurements demonstrate that both polaron and bipolaron are present as a charge carrier. The resulting PPy-NSA exhibits unusual fibrillar morphology with a diameter of about 0.5 μm, which is quite different from the granular morphology of PPy doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and HCl. Moreover, the polymerization conditions greatly influence the morphology of the obtained PPy-NSA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3689-3695, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and electrical-magnetic properties of polyaniline composites (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2799-2805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyaniline (PANI) ; electrical-magnetic properties ; emeraldine base (EB) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Composites of polyaniline (PANI) with both conducting and ferromagnetic feature were synthesized by an improved method proposed by the authors. The electrical and ferromagnetic properties of the composites were measured as a function of the concentration of KOH solution used during polymerization. The conductivity of the composites at room temperature decreases with the increase of the concentration of KOH; the maximum conductivity of 8.0 × 10-1 S/cm can be obtained when 25 wt % of concentration of KOH was used. For a high concentration of KOH, ferromagnetic properties of the composites including a high saturated magnetization (∼ 10.0 emu/g) depending on the concentration of KOH solution and a lower coercive force (Hc ≈ 0) independent of the concentration of KOH solution were observed. It has been demonstrated that magnetic particles (Fe3O4) with nanometer size in the composites can be attributed to the ferromagnetic properties of the composites observed. For a lower concentration of KOH solution, on the other hand, the magnetic properties of the composites can be decomposed to Curie susceptibility χc depending on the temperature and Pauli susceptibility χP independent of the temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2799-2805, 1998
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble conducting copolymer poly(aniline-co-o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 3013-3019 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyaniline ; water soluble ; degree of sulfonation ; copolymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The water-soluble conducting copolymer of poly(aniline-co-o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) (PAOABSA) was synthesized directly from aniline and o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, X-ray powder diffraction, and XPS. The room-temperature conductivity of the copolymer can be changed by controlling the molar fraction of the starting materials, and its maximum conductivity at room temperature can reach 3.4 S/cm, which is comparable with polyaniline (PANI) synthesized by the standard method and sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) having a high degree of sulfonation reported by Wei et al. It was found that the roomtemperature conductivity of the copolymer decreases with increase of the degree of sulfonation because of the introduction of the —SO-3 group reducing the conjugation of the polymer chain. On the other hand, its solubility in 1.0M NaOH solution increases with increase of the degree of sulfonation due to the —SO-3 group linking directly on the phenyl rings of the polymer chain. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 3013-3019, 1998
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption spectra of thin film of polyaniline (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyaniline ; emeraldine ; protonation state ; absorption spectra ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absorption spectra of thin film of polyaniline (PANI) on slide glass coated by a spin coater were measured as a function of the protonation state of PANI, the concentration of solution of PANI in NMP, drying temperature, and atmosphere. The absorbance value of the 950 nm peak and the ratio of the absorbance value at 950 nm to that of the 630 nm peak increases with increasing the protonation state of PANI. This is consistent with the observation of varying the conductivity with the protonation state. A modified molecular structure of PANI is proposed: where y and x are defined as the oxidation and the protonation states of PANI, respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and ferromagnetic properties of composites of a water-soluble polyaniline copolymer containing iron oxide (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2749-2755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyaniline ; γ-Fe2O3 ; ferromagnetic properties ; nanometer materials ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Composites of water-soluble conducting polyaniline copolymers, poly(aniline-co-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) (PAOABSA), containing γ-Fe2O3magnetic particles with nanometer size, were synthesized by a chemical method. The ferromagnetic properties of the resulting PAOABSA composites were measured as a function of the pH value of the reaction solution, the sulfonated degree of the copolymer, and the concentration of FeCl2. The structure of the composites was characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, XPS, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that increasing the pH value of the reaction solution and the concentration of FeCl2 is favorable for an enhancement of the saturated magnetization. As high as 33.2 emu/g of saturated magnetization for the PAOABSA composites was observed. No hysteresis loop (i.e. Hc = 0) was observed, which is independent of the preparation conditions. Structure characterizations show that iron oxide existing in the composite is mainly γ- Fe2O3, which is responsible for the ferromagnetic properties of the PAOABSA composites, whereas γ- Fe2O3 magnetic particles nanometer in size (∼85 nm) may be attributed to a lower coercive force (i.e. Hc = 0) of the composites. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2749-2755, 1998
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of enhancement of conductivity for pyrolyzed polypyrrolone film at high temperature (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1567-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: pyrolysis ; polypyrrolone film ; electrical conductivity ; carbonization ; graphitization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of the pyrolytic temperature on the structure of the pyrolyzed polypyrrolone (PMDA-DAB) films were investigated. The structure of pyrolyzed PMDA-DAB film was characterized by elemental analysis, XPS spectra, x-ray diffraction, and SEM images. It suggests that the pyrolysis process of PMDA-DAB films consists of carbonization and graphitization processes, and the transitional temperature is at ca. 800°C. During carbonization process (Tp 〈 800°C), most oxygen is removed and the enhancement of conductivity with the pyrolytic temperature may be due to an extended conjugation of π-electron orbitals resulting in an increase of the number of charge carriers. During graphitization (Tp 〉 800°C), both oxygen and hydrogen are removed completely, and an increase in the mobility of charge carriers may increase conductivity with pyrolytic temperature. A graphite-like structure with heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen atoms is proposed for the PMDA-DAB film pyrolyzed at 1200°C. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A composite of polyaniline with both conducting and ferromagnetic functions (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2129-2136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyaniline ; composite ; conducting property ; ferromagnetic property ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A composite of polyaniline (PANI) with both conducting and ferromagnetic functions was synthesized by a chemical method proposed by the authors. For the electrical properties, its room-temperature conductivity was measured to be about 10-1 S/cm when doped with 1.0M HCl, and it is independent of the preparation conditions, such as reaction temperature and concentration of FeSO4 solution. Temperature dependence of the conductivity of the composites at temperature between 77 and 450 K is controlled by thermal activation and dedoping processes, which result in the decrease of conductivity with increase of temperature as T 〉 320 K. For their magnetic properties, unusual ferromagnetic properties with high saturated magnetization (M2) and lower coercive force (Hc = 0) were observed. An effect of the preparation conditions on the ferromagnetic properties of composites was observed. The higher the reaction temperature and the concentration of FeSO4 solution, the higher the saturated magnetization was observed. No hysteresis feature (i.e. Hc = 0) for any PANI composites synthesized in this paper was observed, and this is independent of the preparation conditions. This may be attributed to the nanometer size of the magnetic particles existing in composites. Thus, it suggests that the doping of PANI leads to electrical properties of composites, whereas the nanocrystalline magnetic particles (Fe3O4) are responsible for the observed ferromagnetic properties of PANI composites. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2129-2136, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth mechanism of transparent and conducting composite films of polyaniline (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1639-1645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Composites of polyaniline (PANI) with various polymeric matrices as substrates were synthesized by means of diffusion-oxidation of aniline swollen polymeric matrices with FeCl3 as oxidizer. The conductivity at room temperature, transmittance at 400-800 nm, stability in air, and morphology of PANI composite films depend on the polymerization time, concentration of FeCl3, and substrate used. A maximum conductivity at room temperature and the highest transmittance at 500-800 nm can be achieved of 10-1 S/cm and 70-80%, respectively. The growth mechanism of PANI composite films has been discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490916
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