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  • 11
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    A feasibility study of determining physical properties of the Martian atmosphere by use of solar occultation as seen from an artificial satellite (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Physical properties of Martian atmosphere using solar occultation seen from artificial satellite
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TN-D-5443
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    Carbon monoxide measurements in the troposphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Approximately 35 hours of radiometric measurements were obtained of the CO mixing ratio in the middle troposphere, upper troposphere, and lower stratosphere, by means of the Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) experiment carried in the OSTA-1 payload of the second Space Shuttle flight. In view of gas filter radiometer data in the 4.67-micron band, gathered over the 38 N-38 S latitude region during both daytime and nighttime, the performance of MAPS was excellent. Significant gradients have been found in the middle tropospheric CO mixing ratio with both latitude and longitude over the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Science; 218; Dec. 3
    Format: text
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  • 13
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    Differential correction technique for removing common errors in gas filter radiometer measurements (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) gas filter radiometer experiment was designed to measure CO mixing ratios in the earth's atmosphere. MAPS also measures N2O to provide a reference channel for the atmospheric emitting temperature and to detect the presence of clouds. In this paper we formulate equations to correct the radiometric signals based on the spatial and temporal uniformity of the N2O mixing ratio in the atmosphere. Results of an error study demonstrate that these equations reduce the error in inferred CO mixing ratios. Subsequent application of the technique to the MAPS 1984 data set decreases the error in the frequency distribution of mixing ratios and increases the number of usable data points.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 31; 36; p. 7716-7724.
    Format: text
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  • 14
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    Middle and upper tropospheric carbon monoxide mixing ratios as measured by a satellite-borne remote sensor during November 1981 (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Mixing ratios of tropospheric carbon monoxide measured by a gas filter radiometer carried aboard the Space Shuttle during November 1981 are reported. The data represent average mixing ratios in the middle and upper troposphere between 38 deg N and 38 deg S latitude. Approximately 10,000 individual measurements were obtained in each of the two channels of the instrument. The data are presented in the form of plots that show the individual carbon monoxide mixing ratio measurements as a function of latitude and longitude and in the form of maps that show the data averaged over 5 deg latitude by 5 deg longitude squares. The data show relatively little variation in the mixing ratio in the Southern Hemisphere; however, the data from both the tropics and the Northern Hemisphere show strong gradients with both latitude and longitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 10865-10
    Format: text
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  • 15
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    Gas filter radiometer for carbon monoxide measurements during the 1979 Summer Monsoon Experiment (MONEX) (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The instrumental and data-reduction techniques used in obtaining remote measurements of carbon monoxide during the 1979 Summer Monsoon Experiment are described. The form of the signal function (the variation of signal with altitude) and the impact of variations in the vertical distribution of carbon monoxide are discussed. Estimates of the experimental accuracy are made both by assessment of error sources through the use of numerical simulations and by comparison with concurrent measurements made by means of gas chromatography. It is found that the radiometric measurements tend to be about 9 percent lower than the direct measurements and to have a precision of about 8 percent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 9841-984
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  • 16
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    A new method for inferring carbon monoxide concentrations from gas filter radiometer data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A method for inferring carbon monoxide concentrations from gas filter radiometer data is presented. The technique can closely approximate the results of more costly line-by-line radiative transfer calculations over a wide range of altitudes, ground temperatures, and carbon monoxide concentrations. The technique can also be used over a larger range of conditions than those used for the regression analysis. Because the influence of the carbon monoxide mixing ratio requires only addition, multiplication and a minimum of logic, the method can be implemented on very small computers or microprocessors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Conference on Atmospheric Radiation; Jun 16, 1981 - Jun 18, 1981; Toronto; Canada
    Format: text
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  • 17
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    Mars lower atmosphere - Some new implications. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Based on occultation data from the Mariner spacecraft, there are some preliminary indications of an apparent systematically higher surface pressure on the night side of Mars than on the day side. If confirmed by additional data currently becoming available, this apparent surface pressure difference could be attributed to several causes, including topography effects as has been assumed previously, an actual increase of pressure on the night side caused by diurnal effects, an apparent increase on the night side due to some mechanisms such as a dust layer, or an apparent lower pressure on the day side due to the existence of a low-lying electron layer. By calculating the effect of a low-lying electron layer on the combined neutral atmosphere and electron layer refractivity profile, it is found that the day side and night side surface pressures would be in agreement if a layer with maximum density of about 80,000 electrons per cu cm below 15 km altitude were present on the day side.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: COSPAR, Plenary Meeting; May 10, 1972 - May 24, 1972; Madrid; Spain
    Format: text
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