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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1355-1355 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Considerable interest has been shown in the electrohydrodynamic liquid field emission ion source, from which positive ions emitted under the action of high electric fields, and high brightness sources are being developed with a variety of applications in mind. The basic principles of such sources are discussed. The threshold voltage Vth, the ion current (I) versus extraction voltage (V) relationships under various operating temperatures To, I versus To relationship, the angular current intensity and brightness, energy spread, as well as the current changes slowly with time under a definite voltage, are presented and discussed. The experiments show that the present performance of the ion source is as follows: The threshold voltage is about 5.4 kV, the brightness equal to 1×108A/cm2 sr, and energy spread of 26 eV.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7398-7400 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe3O4 thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition on Si (100) substrate has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy from plane and cross-sectional views. The thin film, which shows a spinel structure as characterized by selected-area diffraction, is about 180 nm thick with granular growth of particle size about 50 nm. High resolution electron microscopy observations indicate reduced thickness of the native SiO2 layer between the thin film and Si due to rastering of the substrate surface by an unfocused laser beam before the deposition. By using a 220 diffraction spot in two beam condition near the 〈001〉 axis of a single Fe3O4 grain, antiphase boundaries (APBs) inside the grains could be clearly resolved. The existence of APBs in the thin film is consistent with the magnetic experiments including an open hysteresis loop and unsaturated magnetization in relatively high magnetic fields. This study suggests that APBs are not unique to Fe3O4 films grown on MgO substrates. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 49-51 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rubbed polyimide films have been studied by atomic force microscopy from micrometer to nanometer scales. On a large scale, oriented scratches and microstructures due to rubbing have been observed, while on a nanometer scale, oriented polyimide aggregates are visible. The alignment of liquid crystals on these films is thus discussed.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2105-2107 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Four-wave mixing (FWM) of strong picosecond optical pulses in passive semiconductor waveguides is investigated numerically, taking into account two-photon absorption (TPA), ultrafast nonlinear refraction, probe depletion, and cross-gain modulation, as well as interband and intraband carrier processes. Simulations show good agreement with published experimental measurements, and indicate that interband and intraband nonlinear mixing and TPA-induced pulse reshaping play significant roles in determining conjugate pulse behaviors for strong pulse energy cases. In particular, for increased pulse energy, an increase in FWM conversion efficiency is predicted, and an optimum pulse width is identified. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3720-3720 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2710-2712 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An improved scheme for polarization insensitive four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is proposed, utilizing just one polarization insensitive SOA and one input pump wave, and without compromising the achievable conjugate power compared with that obtained from a conventional dual-pump co-propagating configuration. For frequency detuning larger than ∼300 GHz for a device length of say 500 μm, polarization sensitivity less than ∼0.8 dB can be obtained. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (PZT/LSCO) heterostructures have been grown directly on (100)Si by chemical solution routes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis show that PZT and LSCO thin films are polycrystalline and entirely perovskite phase. PZT thin films grown on LSCO thin films showed no preferential orientation and excellent ferroelectricity. The remnant polarization Pr is about 22.8 μC/cm2 and the coercive field Ec is about 95 kV/cm at an applied electric field of 400 kV/cm. The ferroelectric capacitor has been fabricated and showed no polarization fatigue after 3×109 fatigue cycles. The Pt/PZT/LSCO capacitor is suitable for nonvolatile random access memory application. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 4172-4174 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly (100) oriented Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3/LaNiO3 heterostructures have been grown on Si(100) using chemical solution routes. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 thin films are high (100) orientation (α100=0.92). Atomic force microscopy investigation shows that they have large grains about 80–200 nm. A Pt/Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3/LaNiO3 capacitor has been fabricated and showed excellent ferroelectricity, the remnant polarization and coercive field are 10.8 μC/cm2 and 96 kV/cm, respectively. The electric field dependence of capacitance measurement shows that the capacitor has large capacitance tuning ([Cmax−Cmin]/Cmax×100%) of 63%. The Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 thin films have high dielectric constant (cursive-epsilon) of 200 at 1 MHz. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2449-2451 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive theoretical model describing the amplification of picosecond optical pulses in midinfrared intersubband semiconductor optical amplifiers is developed, taking into account gain dispersion, short carrier relaxation time and ultrafast nonlinear refraction. It is shown that these factors are extremely important in determining the amplified optical pulse characteristics in both the time and frequency domains. The calculations also indicate that gain dispersion can be significantly enhanced by fast carrier relaxations, short pulse widths, and high pulse energies. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rigor mortis of cultivated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) began to set in 8h after death and was fully resolved 60–70h after death during storage at 0°C. Maximum muscle contraction was observed 24–30h after death. ATP content decreased from 7.25 to 0.14 to 0.09 μmol/g fish from pre-rigor mortis to in-rigor mortis to post-rigor mortis state. The inosine and hypoxanthine contents increased from 0 to 1.20 to 4.06 μmol/ g fish and from 0.08 to 0.33 to 0.84 μmol/g fish during 60h storage, respectively, during 60h of storage at 0°C. Postmortem changes affected salt uptake. The equilibrium salt concentrations of pre-rigor, in-rigor and post-rigor mortis salmon were 0.53, 0.66 and 0.75 g/g salt-free solids, respectively, in a 20% (w/v) sodium chloride solution at 10°C.
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