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  • 11
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    Finite-Fault Slip Model of the 2011 Mw 5.6 Prague, Oklahoma Earthquake from Regional Waveforms (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-12
    Description: The slip model for the 2011 M w 5.6 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake is inferred using a linear least-squares methodology. Waveforms of six aftershocks recorded at 21 regional stations are used as empirical Green's functions (EGFs). The solution indicates two large slip patches: one located around the hypocenter with depth range 3–5.5 km; the other located to the southwest of the epicenter with depth range from 7.5 to 9.5 km. The total moment of the solution is estimated at 3.37 × 10 24 dyne·cm (M w 5.65). The peak slip and average stress drop for the source at the hypocenter are 70 cm and 90 bars, respectively, approximately one half the values for the M w 5.8 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake. The stress drop averaged over all areas of slip is 16 bars. The relatively low peak slip and stress drop may indicate an induced component in the origin of the Prague earthquake from deep fluid injection.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 12
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    Rupture Model of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, Earthquake from Teleseismic and Regional Waveforms (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-31
    Description: [1]  We independently invert teleseismic P-waveforms and regional crustal phases to examine the finite-fault slip model for the 2011 M w 5.8 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake. Theoretical and empirical Green's functions are used for the teleseismic and regional models, respectively. Both solutions show two distinct sources each about 2 km across and separated by 2.5 km. The source at the hypocenter is more localized in the regional model leading to a higher peak slip of 130 cm and higher average stress drop of 250 bars compared with 86 cm and 150 bars for the same source in the teleseismic model. Both sources are centered at approximately 8 km depth in the regional model, largely below the aftershock distribution. In the teleseismic model the sources extend up dip to approximately 6 km depth, into the depth range of the aftershocks. The rupture velocity is not well resolved but appears to be near 2.7 km/s.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Source parameters for the January 1975 Brawley — Imperial valley earthquake swarm (1977)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 333-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Source parameters ; Brawley swarm ; Imperial Valley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The source parameters, moment, stress drop and source dimension are estimated for 61 events from the January 1975 Brawley earthquake swarm. Earthquakes studied range in local magnitude from 1.0 to 4.7. Stress drops range from 1 to 636 bars and increase with source depth. It is estimated that the sedimentary structure of the Imperial Valley amplifies shear waves by a factor of 2 to 3 in addition to the free surface amplification of 2. Estimates of moment from 10 sec surface waves are 4 to 6 times larger than the moment estimated from the relatively flat part of the local body wave spectrum at 1 sec. This may be due to after-slip on the fault, a long thin fault, or partial stress drop. It is shown that the experimentally determined ratio of stress drop to apparent stress should be approximately 4.0 when spectrum integration is used to obtainS-wave energy and theP-wave energy is 1/3 theS-wave energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637113
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of strong ground motions from hypothetical earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone, Pacific Northwest (1989)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 129 (1989), S. 131-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquake ; strong motion ; subduction ; Cascadia ; Washington, Oregon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Strong ground motions are estimated for the Pacific Northwest assuming that large shallow earthquakes, similar to those experienced in southern Chile, southwestern Japan, and Colombia, may also occur on the Cascadia subduction zone. Fifty-six strong motion recordings for twenty-five subduction earthquakes ofM s≥7.0 are used to estimate the response spectra that may result from earthquakesM w〈81/4. Large variations in observed ground motion levels are noted for a given site distance and earthquake magnitude. When compared with motions that have been observed in the western United States, large subduction zone earthquakes produce relatively large ground motions at surprisingly large distances. An earthquake similar to the 22 May 1960 Chilean earthquake (M w 9.5) is the largest event that is considered to be plausible for the Cascadia subduction zone. This event has a moment which is two orders of magnitude larger than the largest earthquake for which we have strong motion records. The empirical Green's function technique is used to synthesize strong ground motions for such giant earthquakes. Observed teleseismicP-waveforms from giant earthquakes are also modeled using the empirical Green's function technique in order to constrain model parameters. The teleseismic modeling in the period range of 1.0 to 50 sec strongly suggests that fewer Green's functions should be randomly summed than is required to match the long-period moments of giant earthquakes. It appears that a large portion of the moment associated with giant earthquakes occurs at very long periods that are outside the frequency band of interest for strong ground motions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of a giant earthquake in the Pacific Northwest may produce quite strong shaking over a very large region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874626
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel .alpha.-ionization of 7-methylpteridines. Direct synthesis of 7-alkylidenepteridines (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 42 (1977), S. 2951-2952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00437a046
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-linear multiparameter inversion using a hybrid global search algorithm: applications in reflection seismology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 122 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Many interesting inverse problems in geophysics are non-linear and multimodal. Parametrization of these problems leads to an objective function, or measure of agreement between data and model predictions, that has a complex topography with many local minima. Optimization algorithms that rely on local gradients in the objective function or that search the model space locally may become trapped in these local minima. By combining simulated annealing with the downhill simplex method, a hybrid global search algorithm is presented in this paper for non-linear, multimodal, inverse problems. The hybrid algorithm shares the advantages of both local search methods that perform well if the local model is suitable, and global methods that are able to explore efficiently the full model space. The hybrid algorithm also utilizes a larger and more complex memory to store information on the objective function than simulated annealing algorithms. The effectiveness of this new scheme is evaluated in three problems: minimization of the multidimensional Rosenbrock function, non-linear, 1-D, acoustic waveform inversion, and residual statics. The performance of the hybrid algorithm is compared with simulated annealing and genetic algorithms and is shown to converge more rapidly and to have a higher success rate of locating the global minimum for the cases investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06851.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and basicities of substituted N,N-diethyl- and N,N-dimethylaniline oxides (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 40 (1975), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00889a017
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  • 18
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    Model and Parametric Uncertainty in Source-Based Kinematic Models of Earthquake Ground Motion (2011)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: Four independent ground-motion simulation codes are used to model the strong ground motion for three earthquakes: 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge, 1989 Mw 6.9 Loma Prieta, and 1999 Mw 7.5 Izmit. These 12 sets of synthetics are used to make estimates of the variability in ground-motion predictions. In addition, ground-motion predictions over a grid of sites are used to estimate parametric uncertainty for changes in rupture velocity. We find that the combined model uncertainty and random variability of the simulations is in the same range as the variability of regional empirical ground-motion data sets. The majority of the standard deviations lie between 0.5 and 0.7 natural-log units for response spectra and 0.5 and 0.8 for Fourier spectra. The estimate of model epistemic uncertainty, based on the different model predictions, lies between 0.2 and 0.4, which is about one-half of the estimates for the standard deviation of the combined model uncertainty and random variability. Parametric uncertainty, based on variation of just the average rupture velocity, is shown to be consistent in amplitude with previous estimates, showing percentage changes in ground motion from 50% to 300% when rupture velocity changes from 2.5 to 2.9 km/s. In addition, there is some evidence that mean biases can be reduced by averaging ground-motion estimates from different methods.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 19
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    Source and Site Response Study of the 2008 Mount Carmel, Illinois, Earthquake (2011)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: Two separate inversions are performed using the ground-motion data from the 2008 Mount Carmel, Illinois, earthquake. One uses aftershocks as empirical Green's functions to determine a finite-fault slip distribution. The second uses mainshock ground-motion spectra to calculate source, path, and site response parameters. The slip inversion reveals a prominent asperity at the hypocenter with an area of approximately 6 km2, moment of [IMG]/medium/951eq1.gif" ALT="Formula "〉 (Mw 5.20), and stress drop of about 100 bars. Considering all major and minor slip, the total moment is [IMG]/medium/951eq2.gif" ALT="Formula "〉 (Mw=5.45). The rupture velocity is not resolvable due to the small source area. After fixing the geometric spreading, the source, path, and site parameter inversion yields a similar moment of [IMG]/medium/951eq3.gif" ALT="Formula "〉 (Mw 5.26) and a corner frequency of 0.89 Hz, which also give a stress drop of approximately 100 bars. Our combined geometric and anelastic attenuation function, Q(f)r-b=1137f0.12r-0.94, fits the regional spectral amplitudes, where the data is more plentiful, as well as previously derived attenuation relationships. Site response spectra show prominent resonant frequencies that correlate with the thickness of Mississippi River sediments and Mississippi embayment deposits. In addition, higher frequency resonance peaks are observed that most likely represent higher mode resonances and resonances from shallower structure.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 20
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    Seismic Response of Soft Deposits due to Landslide: The Mission Peak, California, Landslide (2017)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-25
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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