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  • 11
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The purpose of the paper is to propose an origin of Valles Marineris and contiguous features such as Noctis Labyrinthus, chaotic terrain, and the large channels of Mars. These are found to: (1) be continuous to each other, (2) have gradual transition between the morphologies, (3) be related by tectonic fracturing, and associated with features of possible magmatic origin. A model is presented in which the geological process is a magmatic process, and after initial uplift and fracturing, Valles Marineris, Noctis Labyrinthus and some chaotic terrain were produced by subsidence caused by lava withdrawal.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 19, 1979 - Mar 23, 1979; Houston, TX
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A correlation between orbital chemistry (FeO, Al2O3, Mg/Al, MgO/FeO, Th) and the lunar crustal thickness is examined. The correlation suggests either lack of complete homogenization by lateral or vertical mixing, or lateral variation in the differentiation process. In addition, links between orbital chemistry and lunar sample chemistry are investigated. In regions with crustal thickness between 100 and 110 km, gabbroic anorthosites are very abundant, while in regions with crustal thickness of about 80 km anorthositic gabbros are frequent. Special attention is given to the distribution of low-potassium Fra Mauro basalt, found in high concentrations in regions with 50 to 60 km crustal thickness.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 14, 1977 - Mar 18, 1977; Houston, TX
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A mixing model method was used to determine the component abundance in the Apollo 16 and 17 soils. This method uses the chemical composition of the soils for up to 30 elements and a weighted least-squares mixing model technique. Elements included in the calculations are: Si, Ti, Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, Cr, Mn, Na, K, Rb, Ba, U, Th, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Sr, Yb, Y, Sc, V, Zr, Nb, Co, Ni, Li, Au, and Ir. The method was used to examine the possibility that some of the highland rocks such as VHA and low-K Fra Mauro basalt are mixtures. The results of the mixing model calculations show that it is possible that these rocks are mixtures of KREEP, troctolite, 'anorthosites', and a meteoritic component. The Rb-Sr systematics are consistent with such a model for the genesis of the highland rocks. KREEP has high relative concentrations of Rb, U, and radiogenic Sr and Pb and its model age of about 4.4 AE dominates the model age of all the 'contaminated' highland rocks.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 14
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The K-U, Th-U, and Th-Al systematics for lunar samples from the Apollo 11-17 missions and the Luna 16 and 20 missions are summarized. With few exceptions (granitic portion of 12013 and the Apollo 17 mare basalts) the Th/U ratio is 3.8 plus or minus 0.2. The K/U ratio for lunar samples is about 2600 and is distinctly different from the K/U ratio found in terrestrial samples and in the majority of meteorites. The K-U systematics are similar to the K-La, K-Sm, K-Ba, and K-Zr systematics, suggesting that the moon accreted approximately homogeneously. Based on a model the moon contains an average abundance of about 80 ppb U, about 200 ppm K, and about 7 times chondritic abundances for all the refractory elements such as Al, Ca, Ti, Zr, Ba, Sr, and REE. The Th-Al systematics of many lunar highland rocks are dominated by the presence of the rock-type KREEP.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Mg/Al concentration ratios from the orbital fluorescence X-ray experiment were used to characterize dark mantle deposits on the moon. The areas studied included the regions of Sulpicius Gallus, Taurus-Littrow, Hadley Rille, Mare Crisium (craters Picard and Pierce), and NE Mare Fecunditatis. In all these cases these deposits exhibit high Mg/Al ratios which suggest the presence of orange, black, and green pyroclastic glasses. The highest concentration of glasses was inferred in the Sulpicius Gallus Formation at about 35%. The depth of the initial pyroclastic deposits was estimated at 3 to 4 meters. Central Mare Serenitatis exhibits high Mg/Al values but does not possess dark mantle deposits. Orbital Al and Mg/Al data for this region is similar to the very low titanium mare basalts.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 13, 1978 - Mar 17, 1978; Houston, TX
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A variety of lunar surface phenomena were studied using a well-characterized glass-coated ilmenite basalt, 12054, which had a simple surface residence history. Surface processes related to the following effects were studied: microcraters, solar flare and cosmic ray tracks, cosmogenic Al-26, solar wind sputtering, accreta or accretionary material, solar wind implanted noble gases, and loose dust accumulation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 13, 1978 - Mar 17, 1978; Houston, TX
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  • 17
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Rb-Sr systematics of lunar 'anorthositic' rocks was studied in an effort to understand the evolution of the lunar crust. The contamination by KREEP of the anorthositic crust is corrected using chemical mixing models; cumulate geochemical models are used to establish the chronology of the early lunar crust; a method is presented to derive an estimate of the Rb/Sr ratio of the moon. A mathematical model for the Rb-Sr evolution of the lunar crust that includes mare basalt genesis is presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 15, 1976 - Mar 19, 1976; Houston, TX
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  • 18
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In the framework of the cumulative-remelting model of lunar evolution, high-Ti basalts can be produced by extensive melting of a late-stage cumulate consisting of ilmenite-plagioclase-clinopyroxene-olivine at shallow depths immediately beneath about 60 km thick plagioclase-rich crust. Low-Ti mare basalts can be derived by small degrees of partial melting of an earlier cumulate containing mainly olivine-clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene with minor plagioclase or spinel at greater depth.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 15, 1976 - Mar 19, 1976; Houston, TX
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Dual-parameter gamma ray spectrometer systems with large volume Nal (Tl) crystals and low backgrounds were used for nondestructive determination of K, Th, U and cosmic ray produced radionuclides in 60 lunar samples. The total weight of samples measured with this system is 28 kg, and the individual sample weights varied from 2 to 2300 g. Samples from Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 were measured. Operation of the spectrometers in the coincidence mode and analyzing single coincidence spectra permits the simultaneous determination of 8-10 radionuclides in each lunar sample.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-69581 , CONF-720824-1
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An attempt was made to obtain experimental data on proton induced activity and its effect on gamma ray spectral measurements. A NaI(T1) crystal flown in Apollo 17 command module was used for the experiment.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66241 , X-641-73-93
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