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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of cured polystyrylpyridine by model compoundsPresented at the 1979 Pacific Conference on Chemistry and Spectroscopy in Pasadena, California on 10-12 October 1979. (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1975-1987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crosslinking or curing reaction of polystyrylpyridine (PSP) has been studied by means of thermal reactions of its model compounds. Compounds 2,6-distyrylpyridine, 4-stilbazole (4-styrylpyridine), and deuterated 4-stilbazole were pyrolyzed at 200-325°C both in air and under vacuum in a sealed tube. The major pyrolysis products were diarylethane and stilbene, and were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Major dimeric products were naphthalene or quinoline derivatives. Mechanisms for the pyrolysis are suggested, and a crosslinked structure for cured PSP is proposed based on the thermal reaction products of model compounds.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260621
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the ultraviolet and γ-ray induced production of unsaturation and color in polyvinyl chloride (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 85 (1965), S. 6-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die durch Bestrahlung verursachte Änderung der spektroskopischen Eigenschaften dünner Polyvinylchloridfilme wurde untersucht. Die Bestrahlung erfolgte im Vakuum bei Zimmertemperatur mit UV-Strahlung und mit γ-Strahlen. Bei Dosen bis 2·1022 Quanten/g PVC UV-Strahlung (2200-3400 Å) oder 100 Mrad γ-Strahlung ist die durch die beiden Strahlungen verursachte Zunahme der Absorption im UV- und sichtbaren Spektrum in der kinetischen Darstellung voll zur Deckung zu bringen. Ausgedrückt als absorbierte Energie, die notwendig ist, um die gleiche spektroskopische Änderung (und damit die gleiche Anzahl konjugierter Doppelbindungen oder dieselbe HCl-Entwicklung) zu verursachen, ist γ-Strahlung etwa 13mal so wirksam wie UV-Strahlung. Dieses an Filmen mit etwa 3-5% restlichem Lösungsmittel (Methyläthylketon) erhaltene Ergebnis steht in guter Übereinstimmung mit Literaturwerten über die photo- und strahlenchemische HCl-Entwicklung in lösungsmittelfreiem PVC. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Quantenausbeute des erstgenannten Vorganges unter 3400 Å unabhängig von der Wellenlänge ist. 3400 Å ist die effektive photochemische Grenzwellenlänge. Die Fläche unter dem UV- und sichtbaren Spektrum sowie die solare Absorptionsfähigkeit erreichen einen Maximalwert nach einer Dosis an UV-Strahlung von etwa 1-2·1023 Quanten/g.
    Notes: A study was made of the spectroscopic changes produced in thin polyvinyl chloride films when irradiated in vacuum at room temperature with UV, and γ-radiation. At doses up to 2·1022 quanta/g. PVC of UV radiation (2200-3400 Å.), or 100 Mrad of γ-rays, the kinetic plots for increased absorbance throughout the UV-visible spectrum brought about by these two radiations are fully superimposable. In terms of absorbed energy units needed to produce the same spectroscopic changes (and hence the same conjugated unsaturation or the same HCl evolution), it was thus found that γ-radiation is about 13 times as efficient as UV radiation. This result, for films containing some 3 to 5% residual ketonic solvent, correlates very well with corresponding literature data on the photo- and radiation chemical evolution of HCl from solvent-free PVC. The quantum yield for the former process is shown to be independent of wavelength below 3400 Å., which is the effective photochemical cut-off wavelength. The area under the UV-visible spectrum, as well as the solar absorptivity, reaches a maximum value after a UV dose of about 1 to 2·1023 quanta/g.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1965.020850102
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectral studies of bisimides (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 145-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210160310
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The curing of epoxy resins with aminophenoxycyclotriphosphazenes (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2415-2424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminophenoxycyclotriphosphazenes have been used as curing agents for epoxy resins. The thermal curing was performed in stages at 120-125 and 175-180°C followed by postcuring at 225°C to give tough brown polymers. The thermal curing reaction was monitored using FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetric analysis of the cured resins has shown thermal stability up to 350-340°C. The char yield obtained in nitrogen at 800°C was about 55-42% and in air at 700°C was about 40-32%. Graphite cloth laminates were prepared. The mechanical properties evaluated were found superior to those of commonly used epoxy resin systems. These resins are useful for making fire- and heat-resistant composites, laminates, molded parts, and adhesives.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241004
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermochemical characterization of some thermally stable thermoplastic and thermoset polymers (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermochemical and flammability properties of some thermally stable polymers considered for use in aircraft interiors are described. The properties studied include: (a) thermomechanical properties such as glass transition and melt temperature; (b) dynamic thermogravimetric analysis in anaerobic environment; (c) flammability properties such as oxygen index, flame spread and smoke evolution; and (d) selected physical properties. The thermoplastic polymers evaluated included polyphenylene sulfide, polyaryl sulfone, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene polycarbonate-poly(dimethylsiloxane) and polyether sulfone. The thermoset polymers evaluated included epoxy, bismaleimide, a modified phenolic and polyaromatic melamine resin. These resins were primarily used in the fabrication of glass reinforced prepregs for the construction of experimental panels. Test results and relative rankings of some of the flammability parameters are presented and the relationship of the molecular structure, char yield, and flammability properties of these polymers are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760190105
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of processing variables on the thermophysical properties of polybenzimidazole foams (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polybenzimidazole foams in the density range of 24 to 80 kg/m3 have excellent thermophysical properties, fire resistance, and low smoke evolution when exposed to heat or flame; they also retain their mechanical properties up to 200°C without any significant degradation. In addition to superior thermal properties, the foams maintain a high degree of flexibility and a good modulus-to-weight ratio, as well as high strength-to-weight relationship at high temperatures. These properties make this foam an attractive candidate as a low-weight, high-temperature insulation for aerospace applications. This paper describes the relationship between prepolymer purity, processing parameters, and additives to the thermophysical and chemical properties of these foams. Foam properties are shown to be affected by differences in prepolymer purity, curing schedule, and the presence of additives in the foam. High-temperature compressive properties were imporved by postcuring at 527°C. Surfactant additives were found to improve uniformity of cell size. Foams were characterized according to high-temperature mechanical properties, density, porosity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150604
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal response of composite panels (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 226-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermochemical and flammability characteristics of laminating resins and composites currently in use and others being considered for use as aircraft interior panels are described. The properties studied included: (a) limiting oxygen index of the composite constituents; (b) fire containment capability of the composite; (c) smoke evolution from the composite; (d) thermogravimetric analysis; (e) composition of the volatile products of thermal degradation; and (f) relative toxicity of the volatile products of pyrolysis. The performance of hightemperature laminating resins such as modified phenolics, polyimides and bismaleimides is compared with the performance of epoxies. The relationship of increased fire safety with the use of polymers with high anaerobic char yield is shown. Processing parameters of the state-of-the-art epoxy resin and the advanced resin composites are detailed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760190311
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of relative flammability and thermochemical properties of some thermoplastic materials (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 855-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermochemical and flammability characteristics of some typical thermoplastic materials currently in use and others being considered for use in aircraft interiors are described. The properties studied included (a) thermal mechanical properties such as glass transition and melt temperature, (b) changes in polymer enthalpy by differential scanning calorimetry, (c) thermogravimetric analysis in an anaerobic and oxidative environment, (d) oxygen index, (e) smoke evolution, (f) relative toxicity of the volatile products of pyrolysis, and (g) selected physical properties. The generic polymers which were evaluated included: acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, bisphenol A polycarbonate, bisphenol fluorenone carbonate-dimethylsiloxane block polymer, phenolphthalein-bisphenol A polycarbonate, phenolphthalein polycarbonate, polyelher sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyaryl sulfone; chlorinated poly vinyl chloride homopolymer, polyvinyl fluoride, and polyvinylidene fluoride. Processing parameters including molding characteristics of some of the advanced polymers are described. Test results and relative rankings of some of the flam inability, smoke and toxicity properties are presented. Under these test conditions, some of the advanced polymers evaluated were significantly less flammable and toxic or equivalent to polymers in current use. A relationship of the anaerobic char yield of the polymers to their relative flammability properties is shown.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760181105
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-strength fire- and heat-resistant imide resins containing cyclotriphosphazene and hexafluoroisopropylidene groups (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 927-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-strength fire- and heat-resistant polymers were obtained by the thermally induced melt-polymerization of maleimido-phenoxy cyclotriphosphazenes linked by hexafluoroisopropyliden-ediphthalimide groups. These polymers show good thermal stability and high char yields: 78-80% at 800°C in nitrogen and 60-68% in air at 700°C. Graphite-fabric laminates did not burn in pure oxygen, even at 300°C (LOI = 100%), and were tested for shear, flexural, and tensile strengths. Two monomers were synthesized by reacting tris(4-aminophenoxy)-tris(phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene with maleic anhydride and hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride. The triamine was synthesized by a stepwise reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with phenol and 4-nitrophenol to give tris(4-nitrophenoxy)-tris(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and reducing the nitro groups. The structures of cyclic phosphazene-trimeric precursors and the polymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The curing behaviors of polymer precursors were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220404
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  • 20
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    Excitation of Nonradiating Anapoles in Dielectric Nanospheres (2020)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-06
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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