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  • 1
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ten structurally different bisimide resins were prepared by reacting maleic anhydride/citraconic anhydride and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with aromatic diamines and fused aromatic structures or heterocyclic groups. The amines included were 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,5-bis(p-aminophenyl)1,3,4-oxadiazole, 3,3-bis(p-aminophenyl)phthalide, 9,9-bis(p-aminophenyl)fluorene. and 10,10-bis(p-aminophenyl)anthrone. These monomers were characterized by infrared (IR). 1H-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Thermal polymerization of these monomers was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Broad exothermic peaks were observed for a temperature range of 225-380°C. Temperature of exothermic peak position was influenced by the presence of substituents at the olefinic bond, and in biscitraconimides it was 40-50°C lower than in the corresponding bismaleimides. Anaerobic char yields of cured bisimide resins ranged from 44 to 64%. Oxadiazole-containing bisimides had low thermal stability. Increase in formula weight between the imide groups did not influence the char yields in a systematic manner. Graphite cloth laminates with two of these bisimide resins were fabricated and tested for a number of physical properties. Their limiting oxygen index was 70-72%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 2017-2023 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three imide monomers were prepared by reacting maleic anhydride; 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, bis(m-aminophenyl) methyl phosphine oxide, and tris(m-aminophenyl) methyl phosphine oxide, and tris (m-aminophenyl) phosphine oxide. The characterization was done by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy (IR). These monomers were soluble in acetone. Their thermal polymerization was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature of the exothermic peak position was influenced by the presence of free amino group in the monomer and was about 50°C higher in monomers that did not contain amino group. Anaerobic char yield of imide monomers cured at 270 ± 2°C for 30 min ranged from 58 to 64%. Graphite cloth laminate fabricated from one of these resins had a limiting oxygen index of 100.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 245-267 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various 4,4′-bis{N2-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]aspartimido}diphenylmethane (APADM)-type precursors were synthesized by Michael-type reaction of an aromatic bismaleimide (1mol) with an aromatic diamine (2 mol) in an aprotic solvent. The structures of these materials were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR; their curing behaviors and thermal stabilities were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal polymerization of APADM by heating it above its melting temperature produced a tough polymer. From these preimidized precursors, graphite-fiber laminates were prepared and their mechanical properties evaluated. To elucidate the thermal curing mechanism and the structure of the polymer, a model compound, N-[4-(4′-aminobenzyl) phenyl] aspartimidobenzene was synthesized. The gas-chromatographic mass spectra of these compounds has suggested a mechanism for their decomposition. The structure of the polymer also was studied by using FT-IR and 1H-NMR.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3155-3167 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel fire- and heat-resistant polymers was obtained by the thermal polymerization of various maleimidophenoxy-triphenoxycyclotriphosphazenes. These polymers, in which the cyclic triphosphazene structure is preserved, have thermal stability to 350°C and char yields of 82-78% at 800°C in nitrogen and 78-71% at 700°C in air. Two groups of monomers were synthesized by reacting tris(4-aminophenoxy)-tris(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene with maleic anhydride alone or in combination with benzophenonetetracarboxylic or pyromellitic dianhydride. The structures of cyclic phosphazene-trimeric precursors and the polymers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. The thermal stabilities of the polymers were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1141-1151 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A fire- and heat-resistant polymer was obtained by the thermal polymerization of bismaleimido-substituted 2,2-bis(anilino)-4,4,6,6-tetrakis-(4-Aminophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene. The thermal stabilities of the polymer were evaluated in nitrogen and in air by thermogravimetric analysis. This polymer was stable to 345°C and had char yields of 78% at 800°C in nitrogen and of 71% at 700°C in air. The structures of cyclotriphosphazene precursors and the polymer were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crosslinking or curing reaction of polystyrylpyridine (PSP) has been studied by means of thermal reactions of its model compounds. Compounds 2,6-distyrylpyridine, 4-stilbazole (4-styrylpyridine), and deuterated 4-stilbazole were pyrolyzed at 200-325°C both in air and under vacuum in a sealed tube. The major pyrolysis products were diarylethane and stilbene, and were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Major dimeric products were naphthalene or quinoline derivatives. Mechanisms for the pyrolysis are suggested, and a crosslinked structure for cured PSP is proposed based on the thermal reaction products of model compounds.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 85 (1965), S. 6-19 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die durch Bestrahlung verursachte Änderung der spektroskopischen Eigenschaften dünner Polyvinylchloridfilme wurde untersucht. Die Bestrahlung erfolgte im Vakuum bei Zimmertemperatur mit UV-Strahlung und mit γ-Strahlen. Bei Dosen bis 2·1022 Quanten/g PVC UV-Strahlung (2200-3400 Å) oder 100 Mrad γ-Strahlung ist die durch die beiden Strahlungen verursachte Zunahme der Absorption im UV- und sichtbaren Spektrum in der kinetischen Darstellung voll zur Deckung zu bringen. Ausgedrückt als absorbierte Energie, die notwendig ist, um die gleiche spektroskopische Änderung (und damit die gleiche Anzahl konjugierter Doppelbindungen oder dieselbe HCl-Entwicklung) zu verursachen, ist γ-Strahlung etwa 13mal so wirksam wie UV-Strahlung. Dieses an Filmen mit etwa 3-5% restlichem Lösungsmittel (Methyläthylketon) erhaltene Ergebnis steht in guter Übereinstimmung mit Literaturwerten über die photo- und strahlenchemische HCl-Entwicklung in lösungsmittelfreiem PVC. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Quantenausbeute des erstgenannten Vorganges unter 3400 Å unabhängig von der Wellenlänge ist. 3400 Å ist die effektive photochemische Grenzwellenlänge. Die Fläche unter dem UV- und sichtbaren Spektrum sowie die solare Absorptionsfähigkeit erreichen einen Maximalwert nach einer Dosis an UV-Strahlung von etwa 1-2·1023 Quanten/g.
    Notes: A study was made of the spectroscopic changes produced in thin polyvinyl chloride films when irradiated in vacuum at room temperature with UV, and γ-radiation. At doses up to 2·1022 quanta/g. PVC of UV radiation (2200-3400 Å.), or 100 Mrad of γ-rays, the kinetic plots for increased absorbance throughout the UV-visible spectrum brought about by these two radiations are fully superimposable. In terms of absorbed energy units needed to produce the same spectroscopic changes (and hence the same conjugated unsaturation or the same HCl evolution), it was thus found that γ-radiation is about 13 times as efficient as UV radiation. This result, for films containing some 3 to 5% residual ketonic solvent, correlates very well with corresponding literature data on the photo- and radiation chemical evolution of HCl from solvent-free PVC. The quantum yield for the former process is shown to be independent of wavelength below 3400 Å., which is the effective photochemical cut-off wavelength. The area under the UV-visible spectrum, as well as the solar absorptivity, reaches a maximum value after a UV dose of about 1 to 2·1023 quanta/g.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 145-146 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2415-2424 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminophenoxycyclotriphosphazenes have been used as curing agents for epoxy resins. The thermal curing was performed in stages at 120-125 and 175-180°C followed by postcuring at 225°C to give tough brown polymers. The thermal curing reaction was monitored using FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetric analysis of the cured resins has shown thermal stability up to 350-340°C. The char yield obtained in nitrogen at 800°C was about 55-42% and in air at 700°C was about 40-32%. Graphite cloth laminates were prepared. The mechanical properties evaluated were found superior to those of commonly used epoxy resin systems. These resins are useful for making fire- and heat-resistant composites, laminates, molded parts, and adhesives.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 24-29 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermochemical and flammability properties of some thermally stable polymers considered for use in aircraft interiors are described. The properties studied include: (a) thermomechanical properties such as glass transition and melt temperature; (b) dynamic thermogravimetric analysis in anaerobic environment; (c) flammability properties such as oxygen index, flame spread and smoke evolution; and (d) selected physical properties. The thermoplastic polymers evaluated included polyphenylene sulfide, polyaryl sulfone, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-fluorene polycarbonate-poly(dimethylsiloxane) and polyether sulfone. The thermoset polymers evaluated included epoxy, bismaleimide, a modified phenolic and polyaromatic melamine resin. These resins were primarily used in the fabrication of glass reinforced prepregs for the construction of experimental panels. Test results and relative rankings of some of the flammability parameters are presented and the relationship of the molecular structure, char yield, and flammability properties of these polymers are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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